Java IO操作:Scanner与PrintWriter详解

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"Java IO 操作的总结,主要聚焦于 Scanner 类和 PrintWriter 类的使用方法。作者表达了对 Java 语言复杂性的个人看法,并强调简单、高效编程的重要性。" 在 Java 中,Input 和 Output(Io)操作是程序与外部世界交互的基础。本篇总结将介绍两个常用的 Io 类:Scanner 和 PrintWriter,它们分别用于输入和输出处理。 Scanner 类是 Java 核心库(java.util 包)的一部分,主要用于从各种数据源(如键盘、文件、流)获取输入。以下是一个简单的示例,展示如何使用 Scanner 类从键盘读取整数: ```java import java.util.Scanner; public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("请输出一个整数:"); int i = input.nextInt(); System.out.println("你输入的整数是:" + i); } } ``` 在这个例子中,`Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);` 创建了一个新的 Scanner 实例,用于读取标准输入(通常是键盘)。`nextInt()` 方法用于读取用户输入的一个整数。 PrintWriter 类则提供了方便的文本输出功能,它位于 `java.io` 包内。PrintWriter 是一个字符流输出类,允许我们向任何 Writer 对象(包括文件、网络连接等)发送文本数据。下面是如何使用 PrintWriter 类打印输出的示例: ```java import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; public class PrintDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 创建一个向文件输出的 PrintWriter OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("output.txt"); PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(outputStream); writer.println("Hello, World!"); writer.println("这是 PrintWriter 的输出示例"); // 关闭 PrintWriter,确保所有缓冲的数据都被写入 writer.close(); } } ``` 在上面的代码中,我们首先创建了一个 FileOutputStream,然后用它初始化 PrintWriter。`println()` 方法用于打印一行文本。最后,确保调用 `writer.close()` 来关闭 PrintWriter,释放系统资源。 Scanner 和 PrintWriter 在很多场景下是 Java 开发者进行 Io 操作的首选工具,因为它们易于理解和使用。然而,Java 的 Io 框架远不止这两个类,还包括了更底层的 InputStream 和 OutputStream,以及更高级的 BufferedReader 和 BufferedWriter 等,这些类提供了更多的控制和效率,但可能需要更深入的理解和使用。在实际开发中,选择合适的 Io 类取决于具体的需求和性能要求。
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首先新建头文件des_encode.H 内容如下: void EncodeMain(); //EncodeMain function void DecodeMain(); //Sorry ,it has not used void Decode(int *str,int *keychar); //decode :input 8 chars,8 keychars void Encode(int *str,int *keychar); //encode: input 8 chars,8 keychars void keyBuild(int *keychar); //create key array void StrtoBin(int *midkey,int *keychar); //change into binary void keyCreate(int *midkey2,int movebit,int i); //call by keyBuild void EncodeData(int *lData,int *rData,int *srt); //encodedata function void F(int *rData,int *key); //F function void Expand(int *rData,int *rDataP); //Expand function void ExchangeS(int *rDataP,int *rData); //S-diagram change void ExchangeP(int *rData); //P change void FillBin(int *rData,int n,int s); // data to binary;call by S-Diagram change function void DecodeData(int *str,int *lData,int *rData); //DecodeData from binary int IP1[]={58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18, 10, 2, 60, 52, 44, 36, 28, 20, 12, 4, //initial change 62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22, 14, 6, 64, 56, 48, 40, 32, 24, 16, 8, 57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9, 1, 59, 51, 43, 35, 27, 19, 11, 3, 61, 53, 45, 37, 29, 21, 13, 5, 63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15, 7, }; int IP2[]={40, 8, 48, 16, 56, 24, 64, 32, 39, 7, 47, 15, 55, 23, 63, 31, //opp initial change 38, 6, 46, 14, 54, 22, 62, 30, 37, 5, 45, 13, 53, 21, 61, 29, 36, 4, 44, 12, 52, 20, 60, 28, 35, 3, 43, 11, 51, 19, 59, 27, 34, 2, 42, 10, 50, 18, 58, 26, 33, 1, 41, 9, 49, 17, 57, 25 }; int s[][4][16]={{ //S-diagram array {14,4,13,1,2,15,11,8,3,10,6,12,5,9,0,7}, {0,15,7,4,14,2,13,1,10,6,12,11,9,5,3,8}, {4,1,14,8,13,6,2,11,15,12,9,7,3,10,5,0}, {15,12,8,2,4,9,1,7,5,11,3,14,10,0,6,13} }, { {15,1,8,14,6,11,3,4,9,7,2,13,12,0,5,10}, {3,13,4,7,15,2,8,14,12,0,1,10,6,9,11,5}, {0,14,7,11,10,4,13,1,5,8,12,6,9,3,2,15}, {13,8,10,1,3,15,4,2,11,6,7,12,0,5,14,9} }, { {10,0,9,14,6,3,15,5,1,13,12,7,11,4,2,8}, {13,7,0,9,3,4,6,10,2,8,5,14,12,11,15,1}, {13,6,4,9,8,15,3,0,11,1,2,12,5,10,14,7}, {1,10,13,0,6,9,8,7,4,15,14,3,11,5,2,12} }, { {7,13,14,3,0,6,9,10,1,2,8,5,11,12,4,15}, {13,8,11,5,6,15,0,3,4,7,2,12,1,10,14,9}, {10,6,9,0,12,11,7,13,15,1,3,14,5,2,8,4}, {3,15,0,6,10,1,13,8,9,4,5,11,12,7,2,14} }, { {2,12,4,1,7,10,11,6,8,5,3,15,13,0,14,9}, {14,11,2,12,4,7,13,1,5,0,15,10,3,9,8,6}, {4,2,1,11,10,13,7,8,15,9,12,5,6,3,0,14}, {11,8,12,7,1,14,2,13,6,15,0,9,10,4,5,3} }, { {12,1,10,15,9,2,6,8,0,13,3,4,14,7,5,11}, {10,15,4,2,7,12,9,5,6,1,13,14,0,11,3,8}, {9,14,15,5,2,8,12,3,7,0,4,10,1,13,11,6}, {4,3,2,12,9,5,15,10,11,14,1,7,6,0,8,13} }, { {4,11,2,14,15,0,8,13,3,12,9,7,5,10,6,1}, {13,0,11,7,4,9,1,10,14,3,5,12,2,15,8,6}, {1,4,11,13,12,3,7,14,10,15,6,8,0,5,9,2}, {6,11,13,8,1,4,10,7,9,5,0,15,14,2,3,12} }, { {13,2,8,4,6,15,11,1,10,9,3,14,5,0,12,7}, {1,15,13,8,10,3,7,4,12,5,6,11,0,14,9,2}, {7,11,4,1,9,12,14,2,0,6,10,13,15,3,5,8}, {2,1,14,7,4,10,8,13,15,12,9,0,3,5,6,11} } }; int Ex[48]={ 32,1,2,3,4,5, //Expand array 4,5,6,7,8,9, 8,9,10,11,12,13, 12,13,14,15,16,17, 16,17,18,19,20,21, 20,21,22,23,24,25, 24,25,26,27,28,29, 28,29,30,31,32,1 }; int P[32]={16,7,20,21, //P-change 29,12,28,17, 1,15,23,26, 5,18,31,10, 2,8,24,14, 32,27,3,9, 19,13,30,6, 22,11,4,25 }; int PC1[56]={57,49,41,33,25,17,9, //PC-1 in keyBuild 1,58,50,42,34,26,18, 10,2,59,51,43,35,27, 19,11,3,60,52,44,36, 63,55,47,39,31,33,15, 7,62,54,46,38,30,22, 14,6,61,53,45,37,29, 21,13,5,28,20,12,4 }; int PC2[48]={14,17,11,24,1,5, //PC-2 in keyBuild 3,28,15,6,21,10, 23,19,12,4,26,8, 16,7,27,20,13,2, 41,52,31,37,47,55, 30,40,51,45,33,48, 44,49,39,56,34,53, 46,42,50,36,29,32 }; 再创建des.cpp 内容如下: #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> #include"des_encode.h" int key[16][48]; char str[8]; void main() //main function { EncodeMain(); } void EncodeMain() //EncodeMain function { int i; char keychar[8]; int key2[8]; int strkey[8]; printf("请输入8个要加密的字符:\n"); for(i=0;i<8;i++) scanf("%c",&str[i]); getchar(); for(i=0;i<8;i++) strkey[i]=str[i]; printf("\n输入明文的十六进制为:\n"); for(i=0;i<8;i++) printf("%10x",strkey[i]); printf("\n请输入密钥(8个字符):\n"); for(i=0;i<8;i++) scanf("%c",&keychar[i]); for(i=0;i<8;i++) key2[i]=keychar[i]; getchar(); // printf("%c",keychar[i]); Encode(strkey,key2); printf("\n加密后十六进制密文是:\n"); for(i=0;i<8;i++) printf("%10x",strkey[i]); printf("\n\n清输入解密密码\n"); for(i=0;i<8;i++) scanf("%c",&keychar[i]); for(i=0;i<8;i++) key2[i]=keychar[i]; Decode(strkey,key2); for(i=0;i<8;i++) printf("%10x",strkey[i]); for(i=0;i<8;i++) str[i]=strkey[i]; printf("\n明文为:\t"); for(i=0;i<8;i++) printf("%c",str[i]); printf("\n\n"); } void keyBuild(int *keychar){ //create key array int i,j; int movebit[]={1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2, 1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1}; int midkey2[56]; int midkey[64]; StrtoBin(midkey,keychar); for(i=0;i<56;i++) midkey2[i]=midkey[PC1[i]-1]; for(i=0;i<16;i++) keyCreate(midkey2,movebit[i],i); } void StrtoBin(int *midkey,int *keychar){ //change into binary int trans[8],i,j,k,n; n=0; for(i=0;i<8;i++){ j=0; while(keychar[i]!=0){ trans[j]=keychar[i]%2; keychar[i]=keychar[i]/2; j++; } for(k=j;k<8;k++)trans[k]=0; for(k=0;k<8;k++) midkey[n++]=trans[7-k]; } } void keyCreate(int *midkey2,int movebit,int n){ int i,temp[4]; temp[0]=midkey2[0]; temp[1]=midkey2[1]; temp[2]=midkey2[28]; temp[3]=midkey2[29]; if(movebit==2){ for(i=0;i<26;i++){ midkey2[i]=midkey2[i+2]; midkey2[i+28]=midkey2[i+30]; } midkey2[26]=temp[0];midkey2[27]=temp[1]; midkey2[54]=temp[2];midkey2[55]=temp[3]; } else { for(i=0;i<27;i++){ midkey2[i]=midkey2[i+1]; midkey2[i+28]=midkey2[i+29]; } midkey2[27]=temp[0];midkey2[55]=temp[2]; } for(i=0;i<48;i++) key[n][i]=midkey2[PC2[i]-1]; } void EncodeData(int *lData,int *rData,int *str){ //encodedata function int i,j,temp[8],lint,rint;//int h; int data[64]; lint=0,rint=0; for(i=0;i<4;i++){ j=0; while(str[i]!=0){ temp[j]=str[i]%2; str[i]=str[i]/2; j++; } while(j<8)temp[j++]=0; for(j=0;j<8;j++) lData[lint++]=temp[7-j]; j=0; while(str[i+4]!=0){ temp[j]=str[i+4]%2; str[i+4]=str[i+4]/2; j++; } while(j<8)temp[j++]=0; for(j=0;j<8;j++)rData[rint++]=temp[7-j]; } for(i=0;i<32;i++){ data[i]=lData[i]; data[i+32]=rData[i]; } for(i=0;i<32;i++){ lData[i]=data[IP1[i]-1];//printf("P1:%5d:%5d,%5d\n",IP1[i],lData[i],data[IP1[i]-1]); rData[i]=data[IP1[i+32]-1]; } } void F(int *rData,int *key){ //F function int i,rDataP[48]; Expand(rData,rDataP); for(i=0;i<48;i++){ rDataP[i]=rDataP[i]^key[i];// printf("%10d",rDataP[i]);if((i+1)%6==0)printf("\n"); } ExchangeS(rDataP,rData); ExchangeP(rData); } void Expand(int *rData,int *rDataP){ //Expand function int i; for(i=0;i<48;i++) rDataP[i]=rData[Ex[i]-1]; } void ExchangeS(int *rDataP,int *rData){ //S-diagram change int i,n,linex,liney; linex=liney=0; for(i=0;i<48;i+=6){ n=i/6; //printf("%10d\n",(rDataP[i]<<1)); linex=(rDataP[i]<<1)+rDataP[i+5]; liney=(rDataP[i+1]<<3)+(rDataP[i+2]<<2)+(rDataP[i+3]<<1)+rDataP[i+4]; FillBin(rData,n,s[n][linex][liney]); } } void ExchangeP(int *rData){ //P change int i,temp[32]; for(i=0;i<32;i++) temp[i]=rData[i]; for(i=0;i<32;i++) rData[i]=temp[P[i]-1]; } void FillBin(int *rData,int n,int s){ // data to binary;call by S-Diagram change function int temp[4],i; for(i=0;i<4;i++){ temp[i]=s%2; s=s/2; } for(i=0;i<4;i++) rData[n*4+i]=temp[3-i]; } void DecodeData(int *str,int *lData,int *rData){ //DecodeData from binary int i;int a,b;int data[64]; a=0,b=0; for(i=0;i<32;i++){ data[i]=lData[i]; data[i+32]=rData[i]; } for(i=0;i<32;i++){ lData[i]=data[IP2[i]-1]; rData[i]=data[IP2[i+32]-1]; } for(i=0;i<32;i++){ a=(lData[i]&0x1)+(a<<1); b=(rData[i]&0x1)+(b<<1); if((i+1)%8==0){ str[i/8]=a;a=0;//printf("%d",i/8); str[i/8+4]=b;b=0;//printf("%d",i/8+4); } } } void Encode(int *str,int *keychar){ //encode: input 8 chars,8 keychars int lData[32],rData[32],temp[32],rDataP[48]; int i,j; keyBuild(keychar); EncodeData(lData,rData,str); for(i=0;i<16;i++){ for(j=0;j<32;j++) temp[j]=rData[j]; F(rData,key[i]); for(j=0;j<32;j++){ rData[j]=rData[j]^lData[j]; } for(j=0;j<32;j++) lData[j]=temp[j]; } DecodeData(str,rData,lData); } void Decode(int *str,int *keychar){ //decode :input 8 chars,8 keychars int lData[32],rData[32],temp[32],rDataP[48]; int i,j; keyBuild(keychar); EncodeData(lData,rData,str); //这个位置 for(i=0;i<16;i++){ for(j=0;j<32;j++) temp[j]=rData[j]; F(rData,key[15-i]); for(j=0;j<32;j++){ rData[j]=rData[j]^lData[j]; } for(j=0;j<32;j++){ lData[j]=temp[j]; } } DecodeData(str,rData,lData); }