FT232R USB UART 芯片详解与应用

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"FT232R是Future Technology Devices International Ltd.（FTDI）公司推出的一款USB转串行UART接口集成电路。该芯片包含了时钟发生器输出和FTDI Chip-ID™安全功能，同时提供了异步和同步位Bang模式，简化了USB到串行设计的复杂性。FT232R在前代产品的基础上增加了两个新功能，使其在某些应用领域成为一种'3合1'的芯片。" FT232R FTDI芯片是USB通信领域的一个重要组件，主要用于将USB接口转换为串行UART（通用异步接收发送器）接口，使得微控制器或外部逻辑电路能方便地与USB设备进行通信。它的主要特性包括： 1. **集成化设计**：FT232R将外部EEPROM、时钟电路和USB电阻完全集成在芯片内部，极大地简化了基于USB的串行设计的硬件需求，降低了系统成本。 2. **时钟发生器输出**：FT232R能够生成6MHz、12MHz、24MHz和48MHz四种频率的时钟信号，这些时钟信号可以直接供给微控制器或其他逻辑电路使用，减少了系统对外部时钟源的依赖。 3. **FTDI Chip-ID™安全功能**：每个FT232R芯片在制造过程中都会烧录一个唯一的FTDI Chip-ID™，这个ID可通过USB读取。这为开发人员提供了一种安全机制，可以用于创建安全密钥或保护客户的应用程序免受非法复制和盗用。 4. **异步和同步位Bang模式**：FT232R支持异步串行通信模式，即标准的UART操作，同时也支持同步位Bang模式，使得该芯片能够灵活地配置为实现多种并行接口，如SPI、I²C等。 5. **可编程特性**：用户可以通过编程控制FT232R的多个输入/输出引脚，以满足特定应用的需求，例如配置GPIO（通用输入/输出）引脚的功能，实现灵活的数据传输和控制。 6. **兼容性**：FT232R芯片符合USB 2.0全速规范，兼容USB 1.1，并且支持Windows、Linux、Mac OS等多种操作系统，具有广泛的系统兼容性。 7. **应用领域**：FT232R广泛应用于工业控制、数据采集、嵌入式系统、测试与测量设备、调试工具、模块化产品以及消费类电子等多个领域。 FT232R是一款高度集成、功能强大且易于使用的USB到串行接口解决方案，它通过其独特的特性，如内置时钟和Chip-ID™安全功能，为开发者提供了强大的灵活性和安全性，是许多USB通信应用的理想选择。

FT232R USB UART I.C. Datasheet Version 1.04 © Future Technology Devices International Ltd. 2005

Page 6

Serial Interface Engine (SIE) - The Serial Interface Engine (SIE) block performs the Parallel to Serial and Serial to

Parallel conversion of the USB data. In accordance to the USB 2.0 speciﬁcation, it performs bit stufﬁng / un-stufﬁng

and CRC5 / CRC16 generation / checking on the USB data stream.

USB Protocol Engine - The USB Protocol Engine manages the data stream from the device USB control endpoint. It

handles the low level USB protocol (Chapter 9) requests generated by the USB host controller and the commands for

controlling the functional parameters of the UART.

FIFO TX Buffer (128 bytes) - Data from the USB data out endpoint is stored in the FIFO TX buffer and removed from

the buffer to the UART transmit register under control of the UART FIFO controller.

FIFO RX Buffer (256 bytes) - Data from the UART receive register is stored in the FIFO RX buffer prior to being

removed by the SIE on a USB request for data from the device data in endpoint.

UART FIFO Controller - The UART FIFO controller handles the transfer of data between the FIFO RX and TX buffers

and the UART transmit and receive registers.

UART Controller with Programmable Signal Inversion and High Drive - Together with the UART FIFO Controller

the UART Controller handles the transfer of data between the FIFO RX and FIFO TX buffers and the UART transmit

and receive registers. It performs asynchronous 7 / 8 bit Parallel to Serial and Serial to Parallel conversion of the

data on the RS232 (RS422 and RS485) interface. Control signals supported by UART mode include RTS, CTS,

DSR , DTR, DCD and RI. The UART Controller also provides a transmitter enable control signal pin option (TXDEN)

to assist with interfacing to RS485 transceivers. RTS / CTS, DSR / DTR and X-On / X-Off handshaking options are

also supported. Handshaking, where required, is handled in hardware to ensure fast response times. The UART also

supports the RS232 BREAK setting and detection conditions. A new feature, programmable in the internal EEPROM

allows the UART signals to each be individually inverted. Another new EEPROM programmable feature allows a high

signal drive strength to be enabled on the UART interface and CBUS pins.

Baud Rate Generator - The Baud Rate Generator provides a x16 clock input to the UART Controller from the 48MHz

reference clock and consists of a 14 bit prescaler and 3 register bits which provide ﬁne tuning of the baud rate

(used to divide by a number plus a fraction or “sub-integer”). This determines the Baud Rate of the UART, which is

programmable from 183 baud to 3 million baud.

The FT232R supports all standard baud rates and non-standard baud rates from 300 Baud up to 3 Megabaud.

Achievable non-standard baud rates are calculated as follows -

Baud Rate = 3000000 / (n + x)

where n can be any integer between 2 and 16,384 ( = 2

) and x can be a sub-integer of the value 0, 0.125, 0.25,

0.375, 0.5, 0.625, 0.75, or 0.875. When n = 1, x = 0, i.e. baud rate divisors with values between 1 and 2 are not

possible.

This gives achievable baud rates in the range 183.1 baud to 3,000,000 baud. When a non-standard baud rate is

required simply pass the required baud rate value to the driver as normal, and the FTDI driver will calculate the

required divisor, and set the baud rate. See FTDI application note AN232B-05 for more details.

RESET Generator - The integrated Reset Generator Cell provides a reliable power-on reset to the device internal

circuitry on power up. A RESET# input pin is provided to allow other devices to reset the FT232R. RESET# can be

tied to VCCIO or left unconnected, unless it is a requirement to reset the device from external logic or an external

reset generator I.C.

Internal EEPROM - The internal EEPROM in the FT232R can be used to store USB Vendor ID (VID), Product ID

(PID), device serial number, product description string, and various other USB conﬁguration descriptors. The internal

EEPROM is also used to conﬁgure the CBUS pin functions. The device is supplied with the internal EEPROM settings

preprogrammed as described in Section 10.

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FT232R USB UART 芯片详解与应用

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