Python入门指南：A Byte of Python

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"A Byte of Python.pdf 是一本Python的基础入门英文版书籍，作者Swaroop CH，适合初学者阅读。本书介绍了Python语言的主要特性和使用方法，并提供了安装指南、初步编程步骤等内容。" 《A Byte of Python》是针对Python编程初学者的一本经典教程，书中详细阐述了Python语言的基本概念和语法，旨在帮助读者轻松入门。作者Swaroop CH在2013年5月发布了这本书，旨在让不同背景的读者，无论是学术研究者还是对编程感兴趣的人都能从中受益。书中的章节涵盖了多个方面： 1. 开篇介绍了本书的目标读者群体，包括学术课程的学生和对编程感兴趣的人，以及书籍的许可协议，允许自由阅读和分发。此外，读者还可以在官方网上阅读或购买纸质版。 2. 前言部分明确了本书的定位，面向所有想要学习Python的人，书中还简述了Python的历史，以及当前版本的状态。作者鼓励读者思考Python为何成为一个流行的选择。 3. 引言部分详细列举了Python语言的特性，如简洁性、易学性、免费开源、高级语言、跨平台、解释执行、面向对象、可扩展和嵌入等。同时，书中提到了Python 2与Python 3的区别，以及程序员对Python的看法。 4. 安装章节指导读者如何在Windows、MacOS X和Linux等不同操作系统上安装Python环境，包括如何运行Python命令行和选择合适的文本编辑器。 5. 首次尝试编程部分介绍了如何使用Python解释器进行交互式编程，选择合适的代码编辑器，以及如何编写并执行源代码文件，这是Python编程的基础。这本书不仅适合完全的编程新手，也适合有一定经验但希望了解Python语言特性的开发者。通过深入浅出的讲解和实例，读者可以逐步掌握Python编程的基础，为进一步的学习和实践打下坚实的基础。

3.1.4 High-level Language

When you write programs in Python, you never need to bother about the

low-level details such as managing the memory used by your program, etc.

3.1.5 Portable

Due to its open-source nature, Python has been ported to (i.e. changed to make

it work on) many platforms. All your Python programs can work on any of these

platforms without requiring any changes at all if you are careful enough to avoid

any system-dependent features.

You can use Python on Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, Macintosh, Solaris, OS/2,

Amiga, AROS, AS/400, BeOS, OS/390, z/OS, Palm OS, QNX, VMS, Psion,

Acorn RISC OS, VxWorks, PlayStation, Sharp Zaurus, Windows CE and even

PocketPC!

You can even use a platform like Kivy to create games for iOS (iPhone, iPad)

and Android.

3.1.6 Interpreted

This requires a bit of explanation.

A program written in a compiled language like C or C++ is converted from the

source language i.e. C or C++ into a language that is spoken by your computer

(binary code i.e. 0s and 1s) using a compiler with various ﬂags and options.

When you run the program, the linker/loader software copies the program from

hard disk to memory and starts running it.

Python, on the other hand, does not need compilation to binary. You just run

the program directly from the source code. Internally, Python converts the

source code into an intermediate form called bytecodes and then translates this

into the native language of your computer and then runs it. All this, actually,

makes using Python much easier since you don’t have to worry about compiling

the program, making sure that the proper libraries are linked and loaded, etc.

This also makes your Python programs much more portable, since you can just

copy your Python program onto another computer and it just works!

3.1.7 Object Oriented

Python supports procedure-oriented programming as well as object-oriented

programming. In procedure-oriented languages, the program is built around

procedures or functions which are nothing but reusable pieces of programs. In

object-oriented languages, the program is built around objects which combine

data and functionality. Python has a very powerful but simplistic way of doing

OOP, especially when compared to big languages like C++ or Java.

3.1.8 Extensible

If you need a critical piece of code to run very fast or want to have some piece

of algorithm not to be open, you can code that part of your program in C or

C++ and then use it from your Python program.

3.1.9 Embeddable

You can embed Python within your C/C++ programs to give ‘scripting’ capa-

bilities for your program’s users.

3.1.10 Extensive Libraries

The Python Standard Library is huge indeed. It can help you do various things

involving regular expressions,documentation generation, unit testing, threading,

databases, web browsers, CGI, FTP, email, XML, XML-RPC, HTML, WAV

ﬁles, cryptography, GUI (graphical user interfaces), and other system-dependent

stuﬀ. Remember, all this is always available wherever Python is installed. This

is called the Batteries Included philosophy of Python.

Besides the standard library, there are various other high-quality libraries which

you can ﬁnd at the Python Package Index.

Summary

Python is indeed an exciting and powerful language. It has the right

combination of performance and features that make writing programs in

Python both fun and easy.

3.2 Python 2 versus 3

You can ignore this section if you’re not interested in the diﬀerence between

Python 2 and Python 3. But please do be aware of which version you are using.

This book was rewritten in 2008 for Python 3. It was one of the ﬁrst books to

use Python 3. This, unfortunately, resulted in confusion for readers who would

try to use Python 2 with the Python 3 version of the book and vice-versa. But

slowly, the world is still migrating to Python 3.

So, yes, you will be learning to use Python 3 in this book, even if you want

to ultimately use Python 2. Remember that once you have properly understood

and learn to use either of them, you can easily learn the changes between the

two versions and adapt easily. The hard part is learning programming and

For Windows 2000, XP, 2003 , click on

Control Panel

—

System

—

Advanced

—

Environment Variables

. Click on the variable named

PATH

in the ‘System

Variables’ section, then select

Edit

and add

;C:\Python33

(please verify that

this folder exists, it will be diﬀerent for newer versions of Python) to the end of

what is already there. Of course, use the appropriate directory name.

For older versions of Windows, open the ﬁle

C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT

and add the line

‘

PATH=%PATH%;C:\Python33

’ (without the quotes) and restart the system. For

Windows NT, use the AUTOEXEC.NT ﬁle.

For Windows Vista:

1. Click Start and choose Control Panel

Click System, on the right you’ll see “View basic information about your

computer”

On the left is a list of tasks, the last of which is “Advanced system settings.”

Click that.

The Advanced tab of the System Properties dialog box is shown. Click the

Environment Variables button on the bottom right.

In the lower box titled “System Variables” scroll down to Path and click

the Edit button.

6. Change your path as need be.

Restart your system. Vista didn’t pick up the system path environment

variable change until I restarted.

For Windows 7:

Right click on Computer from your desktop and select properties or Click

Start and choose Control Panel — System and Security — System. Click

on Advanced system settings on the left and then click on the Advanced

tab. At the bottom click on Environment Variables and under System

variables, look for the PATH variable, select and then press Edit.

Go to the end of the line under Variable value and append

;C:\Python33

If the value was

%SystemRoot%\system32;

It will now become

%SystemRoot%\system32;C:\Python33

4. Click ok and you are done. No restart is required.

4.1.2 Running Python prompt on Windows

For Windows users, you can run the interpreter in the command line if you have

set the PATH variable appropriately.

To open the terminal in Windows, click the start button and click ‘Run’. In the

dialog box, type cmd and press enter key.

Then, type python3 -V and ensure there are no errors.

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