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ANSYS Icepak User's Guide: Thermal Simulation Software
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"ANSYS Icepak用户指南,版本19.0,由ANSYS公司发布于2018年1月,提供了详细的ANSYS Icepak软件使用教程和相关技术支持信息。该指南涵盖热流体分析,适用于电子散热、空调系统、热管理等领域。ANSYS是一家注册的ISO 9001:2008公司,拥有众多品牌和产品商标,如ANSYS Workbench、AUTODYN、CFX、FLUENT等。此文档受版权保护,未经授权的使用、分发或复制是被禁止的。"
《ANSYS Icepak用户指南》是针对ANSYS公司的热流体仿真软件Icepak的一份详尽指导文档,专为设计工程师提供。这份19.0版的指南旨在帮助用户有效地利用Icepak解决各种热管理问题,特别是对于电子设备的散热设计。Icepak是一款强大的工具,用于分析和优化复杂系统的热性能,包括电子设备、散热器、冷却风扇、热管以及空调系统等。
在指南中,用户可以了解到如何设置和运行计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟,理解基本的工作流程,包括模型创建、网格划分、边界条件设定、求解器选择以及后处理步骤。此外,指南还涵盖了Icepak特有的功能,如自动网格生成、多物理场耦合、热电偶和热像仪的热测量数据导入、以及与ANSYS Workbench的集成,使得用户可以在一个统一的环境中进行多物理场分析。
Icepak使用了先进的数值方法来解决非稳态和稳态的热传导、对流和辐射问题。其内置的求解器支持多种流动模型,如层流、湍流、自然对流和强制对流等。对于电子设备的热分析,Icepak可以考虑芯片的热特性、封装材料的热阻以及环境温度的影响,以预测设备的温度分布和热点。
在知识产权方面,ANSYS强调所有软件产品和程序文档包含商业秘密,并且是ANSYS及其子公司或许可方的机密和专有产品。指南中也提到了其他公司的商标,例如CFX商标在日本属于索尼公司,而FLEXlm和FLEXnet是Flexera Software LLC的商标。
最后,用户需要注意的是,该软件产品和文档受法律保护,任何未经授权的使用、复制或分发都可能引起法律纠纷。用户在使用过程中应严格遵守ANSYS提供的条款和条件,确保合法合规地利用这款强大的工程仿真工具。
27.1. Overview of Modeling Species Transport ..................................................................................... 657
27.2. User Inputs for Species Transport Simulations .............................................................................. 658
27.2.1. Using the Curve specification Panel to Specify a Spatial Boundary Profile ............................. 666
27.3. Postprocessing for Species Calculations ....................................................................................... 667
28. Radiation Modeling .......................................................................................................................... 669
28.1. When to Include Radiation .......................................................................................................... 669
28.2. Surface-to-surface Radiation Modeling ........................................................................................ 669
28.2.1. Radiation Modeling for Objects .......................................................................................... 670
28.3. User Inputs for Radiation Modeling ............................................................................................. 670
28.3.1. User Inputs for Specification of Radiation in Individual Object Panels ................................... 672
28.3.2. User Inputs for Specification of Radiation Using the Form factors Panel ................................ 674
28.4. Discrete Ordinates Radiation Modeling ........................................................................................ 679
28.5. Ray tracing Radiation Modeling ................................................................................................... 680
29. Optimization ..................................................................................................................................... 683
29.1.When to Use Optimization ........................................................................................................... 683
29.2. User Inputs for Optimization ........................................................................................................ 683
30. Parameterizing the Model ................................................................................................................ 691
30.1. Overview of Parameterization ..................................................................................................... 691
30.2. Defining a Parameter in an Input Field ......................................................................................... 692
30.3. Defining Check Box Parameters ................................................................................................... 695
30.3.1. Examples ........................................................................................................................... 696
30.4. Defining Radio Button Parameters (Option Parameters) ............................................................... 697
30.5. Defining a Parameter (Design Variable) Using the Parameters and optimization Panel ................... 698
30.6. Deleting Parameters .................................................................................................................... 701
30.7. Defining Trials ............................................................................................................................. 701
30.7.1. Import and Export of Trial Data ........................................................................................... 703
30.7.2. Selecting Trials ................................................................................................................... 704
30.8. Running Trials ............................................................................................................................. 706
30.8.1. Running a Single Trial ......................................................................................................... 706
30.8.2. Running Multiple Trials ....................................................................................................... 707
30.9. Function Reporting and Plotting ................................................................................................. 710
31. State-Space Characterization ............................................................................................................ 713
31.1. Overview .................................................................................................................................... 713
31.2.When to Use State-Space Characterization ................................................................................... 713
31.3. Perform State-Space Characterization .......................................................................................... 713
31.4. Simplorer .................................................................................................................................... 715
32. Krylov Reduced-order Models .......................................................................................................... 717
32.1. Overview .................................................................................................................................... 717
32.2. When to Use Krylov ROM Simulation ........................................................................................... 717
32.3. Creating and Using a Krylov ROM ................................................................................................ 717
33. Using Macros ..................................................................................................................................... 723
33.1. JEDEC Test Chambers .................................................................................................................. 723
33.2. Forced-Convection Test Chamber ................................................................................................ 724
33.3. Natural-Convection Test Chamber ............................................................................................... 726
33.4. Printed Circuit Board (PCB) .......................................................................................................... 728
33.4.1. Adding a PCB to Your ANSYS Icepak Model .......................................................................... 728
33.4.2. Adding PCB Attachments to Your ANSYS Icepak Model ........................................................ 730
33.5. Detailed Heat Sink ....................................................................................................................... 735
33.5.1. Adding a Detailed Heat Sink Macro to Your ANSYS Icepak Model ......................................... 735
33.6. Heat Pipes .................................................................................................................................. 739
33.6.1. Adding a Heat Pipe to Your ANSYS Icepak Model ................................................................. 739
33.7. Data Center Components ............................................................................................................ 741
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33.7.1. CRAC macro ....................................................................................................................... 741
33.7.2. PDU Macro ......................................................................................................................... 744
33.7.3. Rack Macro ......................................................................................................................... 746
33.7.4.Tile Object .......................................................................................................................... 749
33.8.Transient Temperature Dependent Power .................................................................................... 752
33.8.1. Create a Temperature-Dependent Powermap ...................................................................... 752
33.8.2. Set Transient Object Properties ........................................................................................... 753
33.8.3. Run the Macro .................................................................................................................... 754
33.9. Debug Divergence ...................................................................................................................... 755
33.9.1. Limitations ......................................................................................................................... 755
33.9.2. Run the Macro .................................................................................................................... 755
33.10. TEC Macros ............................................................................................................................... 757
33.10.1.TEC ................................................................................................................................... 757
33.10.2. Run TEC ............................................................................................................................ 758
33.11. Power Dependent Power ........................................................................................................... 760
33.11.1. Limitations ....................................................................................................................... 760
33.11.2. Set Up Target and Remote Sources .................................................................................... 761
33.11.2.1. Set Up Target Sources .............................................................................................. 761
33.11.2.2. Set Up Remote Sources ............................................................................................ 762
33.11.3. Run the Macro .................................................................................................................. 763
33.12. Create Bonding Wires ................................................................................................................ 765
33.13. Solar Flux Calculator .................................................................................................................. 766
34. Power and Temperature Limit Setup ................................................................................................ 769
34.1. Setting Up the Power and Temperature Limit Values .................................................................... 769
34.2. Comparing the Object Temperatures with the Temperature Limits ............................................... 771
35. Generating a Mesh ............................................................................................................................ 773
35.1. Overview .................................................................................................................................... 773
35.2. Mesh Quality and Type ................................................................................................................ 774
35.2.1. Mesh Quality ...................................................................................................................... 774
35.2.2. Hex-Dominant and Hexahedral Meshes .............................................................................. 775
35.3. Guidelines for Mesh Generation .................................................................................................. 776
35.3.1. Hex-Dominant Meshing Procedure ..................................................................................... 776
35.3.2. Hexahedral Meshing Procedure .......................................................................................... 778
35.4. Creating a Minimum-Count Mesh ................................................................................................ 780
35.4.1. Creating a Minimum-Count Hex-Dominant Mesh ................................................................ 780
35.4.2. Creating a Minimum-Count Hexahedral Mesh ..................................................................... 782
35.5. Refining the Mesh Globally .......................................................................................................... 783
35.5.1. Global Refinement for a Hex-Dominant Mesh ...................................................................... 783
35.5.2. Global Refinement for a Hexahedral Mesh ........................................................................... 789
35.6. Refining the Mesh Locally ............................................................................................................ 792
35.6.1. General Procedure .............................................................................................................. 792
35.6.2. Definitions of Object-Specific Meshing Parameters .............................................................. 793
35.6.3. Defining Meshing Parameters for Multiple Objects .............................................................. 794
35.6.4. Meshing Parameters for Cabinets ........................................................................................ 795
35.6.5. Meshing Parameters for Blocks ........................................................................................... 795
35.6.6. Meshing Parameters for Enclosures ..................................................................................... 798
35.6.7. Meshing Parameters for Fans .............................................................................................. 798
35.6.8. Meshing Parameters for Blowers ......................................................................................... 799
35.6.9. Meshing Parameters for Grilles ............................................................................................ 799
35.6.10. Meshing Parameters for Heat Exchangers .......................................................................... 802
35.6.11. Meshing Parameters for Heat Sink Objects ........................................................................ 802
35.6.12. Meshing Parameters for Networks ..................................................................................... 802
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User's Guide
35.6.13. Meshing Parameters for Openings .................................................................................... 802
35.6.14. Meshing Parameters for Packages ..................................................................................... 803
35.6.15. Meshing Parameters for PCBs ............................................................................................ 803
35.6.16. Meshing Parameters for Plates .......................................................................................... 803
35.6.17. Meshing Parameters for Resistances .................................................................................. 803
35.6.18. Meshing Parameters for Sources ....................................................................................... 804
35.6.19. Meshing Parameters for Traces .......................................................................................... 804
35.6.20. Meshing Parameters for Walls ........................................................................................... 804
35.6.21. Meshing Parameters for Assemblies .................................................................................. 805
35.7. Controlling the Meshing Order for Objects ................................................................................... 805
35.8. Non-Conformal Meshing Procedures for Assemblies .................................................................... 806
35.9. Displaying the Mesh .................................................................................................................... 808
35.9.1. Displaying the Mesh on Individual Objects .......................................................................... 808
35.9.2. Displaying the Mesh on a Cross-Section of the Model .......................................................... 813
35.10. Checking the Mesh ................................................................................................................... 817
35.10.1. Checking the Face Alignment ........................................................................................... 817
35.10.2. Checking the Element Volume .......................................................................................... 820
35.10.3. Checking the Skewness .................................................................................................... 822
35.11. Loading an Existing Mesh .......................................................................................................... 826
36. Calculating a Solution ....................................................................................................................... 827
36.1. Overview .................................................................................................................................... 827
36.2. General Procedure for Setting Up and Calculating a Solution ........................................................ 828
36.3. Choosing the Discretization Scheme ........................................................................................... 829
36.4. Setting Under-Relaxation Factors ................................................................................................ 831
36.5. Selecting the Multigrid Scheme ................................................................................................... 832
36.6. Selecting Linear Solver Advanced Controls .................................................................................. 832
36.7. Selecting the Version of the Solver ............................................................................................... 833
36.8. Initializing the Solution ............................................................................................................... 833
36.9. Monitoring the Solution .............................................................................................................. 834
36.9.1. Defining Solution Monitors ................................................................................................. 835
36.9.2. Plotting Residuals ............................................................................................................... 837
36.10. Defining Postprocessing Objects ............................................................................................... 838
36.11. Defining Reports ....................................................................................................................... 838
36.12. Setting the Solver Controls ........................................................................................................ 839
36.12.1. Using the Solve Panel to Set the Solver Controls ................................................................ 840
36.12.2. Advanced Solution Control Options .................................................................................. 845
36.12.3. Results Solution Control Options ....................................................................................... 847
36.12.4. Parallel Processing ............................................................................................................ 849
36.12.5. Optimizing the Parallel Solver Performance ....................................................................... 851
36.13. Partitioning the Grid .................................................................................................................. 852
36.13.1. Workstation Cluster .......................................................................................................... 852
36.14. Starting Parallel ANSYS Icepak with the Job Scheduler ............................................................... 853
36.14.1. Configure Icepak for Network Parallel ................................................................................ 854
36.14.1.1. Install and Configure Icepak ..................................................................................... 854
36.14.1.2. Installing Platform MPI ............................................................................................. 855
36.14.1.3. Configure Icepak Network Parallel for Microsoft 2012 Server ..................................... 859
36.14.2. Configure Remote Linux Nodes ......................................................................................... 861
36.14.3. Batch Processing of ANSYS Icepak Projects on a Windows Machine .................................... 864
36.15. Performing Calculations ............................................................................................................ 866
36.15.1. Starting the Calculation .................................................................................................... 866
36.15.2.The Solution residuals Graphics Display and Control Window ............................................ 867
36.15.3. Changing the Solution Monitors During the Calculation .................................................... 869
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36.15.4. Ending the Calculation ...................................................................................................... 869
36.15.5. Judging Convergence ....................................................................................................... 870
36.16. Diagnostic Tools for Technical Support ....................................................................................... 870
37. Examining the Results ....................................................................................................................... 873
37.1. Overview: The Post Menu and Postprocessing Toolbar ................................................................. 873
37.1.1.The Post Menu .................................................................................................................... 873
37.1.2. The Postprocessing Toolbar ................................................................................................ 875
37.2. Graphical Displays ....................................................................................................................... 876
37.2.1. Overview of Generating Graphical Displays ......................................................................... 876
37.2.2.The Significance of Color in Graphical Displays .................................................................... 877
37.2.3. Managing Postprocessing Objects ...................................................................................... 877
37.2.4. Displaying Results on Object Faces ..................................................................................... 880
37.2.5. Displaying Results on Cross-Sections of the Model .............................................................. 884
37.2.6. Displaying Results on Isosurfaces ........................................................................................ 892
37.2.7. Displaying Results at a Point ............................................................................................... 897
37.2.8. Contour Attributes ............................................................................................................. 900
37.2.9. Vector Attributes ................................................................................................................ 905
37.2.10. Particle Trace Attributes .................................................................................................... 908
37.3. XY Plots ...................................................................................................................................... 913
37.3.1. Variation Plots .................................................................................................................... 913
37.3.2. Trials Plots .......................................................................................................................... 918
37.3.3. Network Temperature Plots ................................................................................................ 922
37.4. Selecting a Solution Set to be Examined ...................................................................................... 924
37.5. Zoom-In Modeling ...................................................................................................................... 924
37.6. Display Powermap Property ........................................................................................................ 926
38. Generating Reports ........................................................................................................................... 931
38.1. Overview: The Report Menu ........................................................................................................ 931
38.2. Variables Available for Reporting ................................................................................................. 932
38.3. HTML Reports ............................................................................................................................. 935
38.4. Reviewing a Solution ................................................................................................................... 937
38.5. Summary Reports ....................................................................................................................... 938
38.6. Point Reports .............................................................................................................................. 944
38.7. Full Reports ................................................................................................................................. 947
38.8. Network Block Values Report ....................................................................................................... 949
38.9. EM Heat Losses Report ................................................................................................................ 950
38.10. Fan Operating Points Report ...................................................................................................... 950
39. Variables for Postprocessing and Reporting .................................................................................... 951
39.1. General Information about Variables ............................................................................................ 951
39.2. Definitions of Variables ................................................................................................................ 951
39.2.1.Velocity-Related Quantities ................................................................................................. 952
39.2.2. Pressure-Related Quantities ................................................................................................ 952
39.2.3. Temperature-Related Quantities ......................................................................................... 952
39.2.4. Radiation-Related Quantities .............................................................................................. 954
39.2.5. Species-Transport-Related Quantities ................................................................................. 954
39.2.6. Position-Related Quantities ................................................................................................ 954
39.2.7.Turbulence-Related Quantities ............................................................................................ 954
39.2.8. Thermal Conductivity-Related Quantities ............................................................................ 955
39.2.9. Joule Heating-Related Quantities ........................................................................................ 955
40. Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 957
40.1. Governing Equations ................................................................................................................... 957
40.1.1. The Mass Conservation Equation ........................................................................................ 957
40.1.2. Momentum Equations ........................................................................................................ 957
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of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
User's Guide
40.1.3. Energy Conservation Equation ............................................................................................ 958
40.2. Species Transport Equations ........................................................................................................ 958
40.3.Turbulence .................................................................................................................................. 959
40.3.1. Zero-Equation Turbulence Model ........................................................................................ 959
40.3.2. Advanced Turbulence Models ............................................................................................. 960
40.4. Buoyancy-Driven Flows and Natural Convection .......................................................................... 975
40.4.1.The Boussinesq Model ........................................................................................................ 976
40.4.2. Incompressible Ideal Gas Law ............................................................................................. 976
40.5. Radiation .................................................................................................................................... 976
40.5.1. Overview ........................................................................................................................... 977
40.5.2. Gray-Diffuse Radiation ........................................................................................................ 977
40.5.3. The Surface-to-Surface Radiation Model ............................................................................. 977
40.5.4.The Discrete Ordinates (DO) Radiation Model ...................................................................... 978
40.5.5.The Ray Tracing Radiation Model ......................................................................................... 982
40.6. Optimization ............................................................................................................................... 983
40.6.1.The Dynamic-Q Optimization method ................................................................................. 983
40.6.2.The Dynamic-Trajectory (Leap-Frog) Optimization Method for Solving the Subproblems ..... 985
40.7. Solution Procedures .................................................................................................................... 987
40.7.1. Overview of Numerical Scheme .......................................................................................... 987
40.7.2. Spatial Discretization .......................................................................................................... 989
40.7.2.1. Pseudo Transient Under-Relaxation ............................................................................ 995
40.7.3.Time Discretization ............................................................................................................. 996
40.7.4. Multigrid Method ............................................................................................................... 996
40.7.5. Solution Residuals ............................................................................................................ 1004
40.8. Krylov ROM Theory .................................................................................................................... 1005
Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................... 1007
Index ...................................................................................................................................................... 1009
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of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.xx
User's Guide
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