International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition
Vol. 8, No. 1 (2015), pp. 69-78
http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsip.2015.8.1.07
ISSN: 2005-4254 IJSIP
Copyright ⓒ 2015 SERSC
Image Fusion Watermarking Algorithm based on NSCT and
Constrained NMF
Xianmin Wei
1
and Peng Zhang
2
1.2
School of Computer Engineering, Weifang University
5147 Eastern Dongfeng Street, Weifang 261061, China
wfxyweixm@126.com
Abstract
In order to solve the problem aliasing of Contourlet transform, an Image Fusion
Watermarking Algorithm based on NSCT and constrained NMF is proposed in this paper.
Firstly, the image is decomposed into several layers. Secondly, the Two-dimension matrix
is obtained by low frequency coefficients and watermarking signal. Finally, the
watermarking is embedding by constrained NMF. The blind detection is used, and the
algorithm can achieve a good imperceptibility. Experimental results show that the
algorithm has good robustness against attacks of common image processing.
Keywords: Digital watermarking, Non-subsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT),
Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), Image fusion
1. Introduction
Features of digital images easily spread and replicated have made worse image content
infringing, tampering, forgery and other growing problem, the image content information
security has become a problem to be solved lately. Digital watermarking is a technology
embedded in the multimedia data having imperceptible, robust, resisting detectability and
which contains digital coding technology of sensitive information authentication, mainly
used for addressing the identification mark provided in digital media copyright protection
problem [1]. As an emerging discipline, the digital watermarking in the communications,
computer, cryptography has achieved a wide range of applications, which is an effective
way to solve the above problems.
In 2002, M.N.Do and M. Vetteri [2, 3], who proposed the outline wave-Contourlet
transform, Contourlet transform is a real image two-dimensional representation, which
provides a flexible multi-scale, local, directional the analytical method, and which can
more fully demonstrate the geometric characteristics of the image itself. Contourlet
transform will be applied once appeared in the field of digital watermarking, and made a
series of studies [4, 5]. But smoothness of Contourlet transform basis functions is not
ideal; spectrum aliasing exists in low-frequency sub-band, high-frequency sub-band and
each directional sub band. In 2006, for some limitations A.L.Cunha improved Contourlet
transform, and proposed a non-sampling Contourlet Transform (Non-subsampled
Contourlet Transform, NSCT) [6] method, NSCT is a shift-invariant, multi-scale, multi-
direction super complete transformation [7], compared with Contourlet transform, smooth
and high NSCT basis functions has no spectral aliasing, and it has stronger direction
selectivity.
For presence of confusion problem in Contourlet transform spectrum, this paper
designed a fusion of non-sampling Contourlet transform watermark and constraints NMF
algorithm based on a combination of image. Watermark information by NMF embedded
into the image fusion among NSCT decomposition coefficients. Compared with the
traditional NMF, constrained NMF has low computational complexity, good separation
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