DOCSIS 3.1: MAC与上层协议详解

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"DOCSIS 3.1 MAC and Upper Layer Protocols 规范详细介绍了在有线数据服务接口规格中的MAC（Medium Access Control）层及以上层的协议。该规范是DOCSIS 3.1标准的核心部分，用于定义有线电视网络上的高速数据传输。虽然IP协议本身不在DOCSIS的直接定义范围内，但DOCSIS 3.1的MAC和上层协议规范是构建基于IP的网络服务的关键。" 正文: DOCSIS（Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications）是一种国际标准，旨在通过有线电视同轴网络提供高速数据服务，如互联网接入。DOCSIS 3.1是该标准的一个重要版本，显著提升了网络速度和容量，以满足日益增长的数据需求。在DOCSIS 3.1中，MAC层是物理层（PHY）和网络层（如IP层）之间的接口。MAC层协议负责管理多个设备对共享介质的访问，确保数据的有效传输而避免冲突。DOCSIS 3.1的MAC层引入了新的特性，如更宽的频谱利用率、前向纠错编码（FEC）和多载波调制技术，如Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)，这些都极大地提高了数据传输速率和网络效率。上层协议部分，DOCSIS 3.1规范涵盖了诸如TCP/IP协议栈的更高层次协议，包括网络层、传输层和应用层。尽管IP协议本身不被DOCSIS直接定义，但DOCSIS 3.1必须与IP协议兼容，以支持常见的互联网服务。这包括IPv4和IPv6的使用，以及TCP（传输控制协议）和UDP（用户数据报协议）等传输层协议，它们对于确保数据的可靠传输至关重要。 CM-SP-MULPIv3.1-I04-141218是DOCSIS 3.1 MAC和上层协议规范的具体文档版本，由Cable Television Laboratories, Inc.（现称为CableLabs）发布。这个文档是为有线行业及其客户制定的，允许开发者根据文档开发产品和服务，但通常需要遵循特定的许可条款，可能涉及到第三方知识产权的授权。设计、制造、分发、使用、销售或服务基于DOCSIS 3.1的产品或服务时，可能需要获得额外的知识产权许可，因为规范可能引用了不受CableLabs控制的其他文档。理解并实施DOCSIS 3.1规范可能需要对整个网络协议栈有深入的理解，包括与其他标准和协议的交互。 DOCSIS 3.1 MAC和上层协议规范是构建高效、高性能的有线宽带网络的关键，它定义了从物理层到网络层乃至应用层的通信方式，确保了数据在有线电视网络中的顺畅流动。

CM-SP-MULPIv3.1-I04-141218 Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications

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TABLE 6–24 - CHANNEL TLV PARAMETERS .............................................................................................................. 107

TABLE 6–25 - UPSTREAM PHYSICAL-LAYER BURST ATTRIBUTES .............................................................................. 112

TABLE 6–26 - EXAMPLE UCD CHANNEL ENCODINGS FOR AN OFDMA CHANNEL .................................................... 116

TABLE 6–27 - EXAMPLE OFDMA PROFILE ENCODING FOR DATA IUC5 ................................................................... 118

TABLE 6–28 - ALLOCATION MAP INFORMATION ELEMENTS (IE) .............................................................................. 121

TABLE 6–29 - PROBE INFORMATION ELEMENT DEFINITION ....................................................................................... 124

TABLE 6–30 - CM RANGING REQUEST TYPE USAGE .................................................................................................. 127

TABLE 6–31 - CAPABILITY FLAGS ENCODING ............................................................................................................ 131

TABLE 6–32 - RANGING RESPONSE MESSAGE ENCODINGS WITH 1 BYTE LENGTH FIELD ........................................... 133

TABLE 6–33 - RANGING RESPONSE MESSAGE ENCODINGS WITH 2-BYTE LENGTH FIELD .......................................... 135

TABLE 6–34 - COMMANDED POWER SUB-TLVS ........................................................................................................ 139

TABLE 6–35 - FIELD DEFINITIONS FOR DOWNSTREAM ACTIVE CHANNEL LIST TLV.................................................. 166

TABLE 6–36 - SUB-TLVS FOR DOWNSTREAM ACTIVE CHANNEL LIST TLV .............................................................. 166

TABLE 6–37 - MAC DOMAIN DOWNSTREAM SERVICE GROUP TLV .......................................................................... 167

TABLE 6–38 - SUB-TLVS FOR MAC DOMAIN DOWNSTREAM SERVICE GROUP TLV ................................................. 167

TABLE 6–39 - DOWNSTREAM AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION FREQUENCY LIST TLV ........................................................ 168

TABLE 6–40 - RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE REPORTING CONTROL TLV .................................................................... 168

TABLE 6–41 - SUB-TLVS FOR RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE REPORTING CONTROL TLV ........................................... 168

TABLE 6–42 - IP INITIALIZATION PARAMETERS TLV ................................................................................................. 169

TABLE 6–43 - SUB-TLVS FOR IP INITIALIZATION PARAMETERS TLV ........................................................................ 169

TABLE 6–44 - EARLY AUTHENTICATION AND ENCRYPTION (EAE) ENABLE/DISABLE TLV....................................... 169

TABLE 6–45 - FIELD DEFINITIONS FOR ACTIVE UPSTREAM CHANNEL LIST TLV ....................................................... 170

TABLE 6–46 - SUB-TLVS FOR ACTIVE UPSTREAM CHANNEL LIST TLV .................................................................... 170

TABLE 6–47 - UPSTREAM AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION CHANNEL LIST TLV ................................................................. 170

TABLE 6–48 - UPSTREAM FREQUENCY RANGE TLV .................................................................................................. 171

TABLE 6–49 - SYMBOL CLOCK LOCKING INDICATOR TLV ........................................................................................ 171

TABLE 6–50 - CM-STATUS EVENT CONTROL TLV .................................................................................................. 171

TABLE 6–51 - UPSTREAM TRANSMIT POWER REPORTING TLV .................................................................................. 172

TABLE 6–52 - DSG DA-TO-DSID ASSOCIATION ENTRY TLV ................................................................................... 172

TABLE 6–53 - SUB-TLVS FOR DSG DA-TO-DSID ASSOCIATION ENTRY TLV .......................................................... 172

TABLE 6–54 - CM-STATUS EVENT ENABLE FOR NON-CHANNEL-SPECIFIC EVENTS TLV ....................................... 173

TABLE 6-55 - EXTENDED UPSTREAM TRANSMIT POWER SUPPORT............................................................................. 173

TABLE 6–56 - CMTS DOCSIS VERSION TLV ........................................................................................................... 173

TABLE 6–57 - SUB-TLVS FOR CMTS DOCSIS VERSION TLV .................................................................................. 174

TABLE 6–58 - CM PERIODIC MAINTENANCE TIMEOUT INDICATOR ............................................................................ 174

TABLE 6–59 - DLS BROADCAST AND MULTICAST DELIVERY METHOD ..................................................................... 174

TABLE 6–60 - CM-STATUS EVENT ENABLE FOR DOCSIS 3.1 EVENTS TLV ........................................................... 175

TABLE 6–61 - CM-STATUS TLV ENCODINGS .......................................................................................................... 181

TABLE 6–62 - CM-CTRL-REQ TLV ENCODINGS ...................................................................................................... 183

TABLE 6–63 - PARAMETERS CARRIED BY THE OCD ................................................................................................... 187

TABLE 6–64 - SUBCARRIER ASSIGNMENT LIST/RANGE TLV ..................................................................................... 190

TABLE 6–65 - SUBCARRIER ASSIGNMENT VECTOR TLV ............................................................................................ 190

TABLE 6–66 - ODS-RSP-MP TLV ENCODINGS .......................................................................................................... 194

TABLE 6–67 - OPT-REQ TLV ENCODINGS ................................................................................................................ 195

TABLE 6–68 - OPT-RSP TLV ENCODINGS ................................................................................................................. 198

TABLE 6–69 - PLC FRAME LENGTH INCLUDING PREAMBLE ...................................................................................... 205

TABLE 6–70 - TIMESTAMP MB FIELD DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 205

TABLE 6–71 - ENERGY MANAGEMENT MB FIELD DESCRIPTION ................................................................................ 207

TABLE 6–72 - MESSAGE CHANNEL MB FIELD DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................... 208

TABLE 6–73 - TRIGGER MB FIELD DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................... 209

TABLE 6–74 - DESCRIPTION OF GENERIC FORMAT FOR BLOCKS 5-15 ........................................................................ 212

TABLE 7–1 - EXAMPLE RELATING MINISLOTS TO TIME TICKS ................................................................................... 215

TABLE 7–2 - EXAMPLE OF MINISLOT CAPACITY IN S-CDMA MODE .......................................................................... 216

TABLE 7–3 - EXAMPLE SID CLUSTER ........................................................................................................................ 225

TABLE 7–4 - IE FEATURE COMPATIBILITY SUMMARY FOR MULTIPLE TRANSMIT CHANNEL MODE ........................... 228

TABLE 7–5 - IE FEATURE COMPATIBILITY SUMMARY FOR PRE-3.0 DOCSIS OPERATION ......................................... 229

MAC and Upper Layer Protocols Interface Specification CM-SP-MULPIv3.1-I04-141218

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TABLE 7–6 - TRANSMIT OPPORTUNITY SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 239

TABLE 7–7 - PARAMETER APPLICABILITY FOR UPSTREAM SERVICE SCHEDULING ..................................................... 244

TABLE 7–8 - EXAMPLES OF GROUP CONFIGURATION SESSION RANGES ..................................................................... 266

TABLE 7–9 - EXAMPLES OF IP DS FIELD RANGES ...................................................................................................... 266

TABLE 7–10 - IATC PROFILE PARAMETERS ............................................................................................................... 277

TABLE 7–11 - MAPPING OF TRAFFIC PRIORITY TO CM OUTPUT QUEUE ...................................................................... 278

TABLE 7–12 - CODEWORD BUILDER LATENCY ........................................................................................................... 281

TABLE 8–1 - ATTRIBUTE MASK SUMMARY TABLE FOR ATTRIBUTE BITS OTHER THAN THE "BONDED" ATTRIBUTE . 287

TABLE 8–2 - ATTRIBUTE MASK SUMMARY TABLE FOR THE "BONDED" ATTRIBUTE BIT ........................................... 287

TABLE 8–3 - SKEW EXAMPLES ................................................................................................................................... 294

TABLE 10–1 - DHCP BACKOFF DISTRIBUTION VALUES ............................................................................................. 368

TABLE 10–2 - MDD OVERRIDE AND RESET ON CHANGE BEHAVIOR MATRIX............................................................ 375

TABLE 10–3 - RECOVERY PROCESS ON LOSS OF SPECIFIC MAC MESSAGES .............................................................. 411

TABLE 10–4 - CM-STATUS EVENT TYPE CODES AND STATUS EVENTS ................................................................... 423

TABLE 10–5 - DPV DOWNSTREAM REFERENCE POINT DESCRIPTIONS ....................................................................... 428

TABLE 10–6 - DPV UPSTREAM REFERENCE POINT DESCRIPTIONS ............................................................................. 428

TABLE 10–7 - DTP DELAYS ....................................................................................................................................... 433

TABLE 10–8 - DTP SYSTEM PARAMETERS FOR JITTER AND SKEW ............................................................................. 437

TABLE 10–9 - DTP SYSTEM TIMING ERROR BUDGET................................................................................................. 438

TABLE 11–1 - VARIABLES USED TO CALCULATE THE T15 TIMER .............................................................................. 479

TABLE A–1 - WELL-KNOWN IPV6 ADDRESSES........................................................................................................... 535

TABLE B–1 - PARAMETERS AND CONSTANTS ............................................................................................................. 537

TABLE C–1 - SUMMARY OF TOP-LEVEL TLV ENCODINGS ......................................................................................... 542

TABLE C–2 - INITIALIZATION REASONS AND CODES .................................................................................................. 599

TABLE C–3 - VALUES USED IN REG-REQ, REG-REQ-MP, REG-RSP, AND REG-RSP-MP MESSAGES .................. 650

TABLE C–4 - VALUES USED IN REG-REQ, REG-REQ-MP, REG-RSP, REG-RSP-MP, AND DYNAMIC SERVICE

MESSAGES .......................................................................................................................................................... 650

TABLE C–5 - CONFIRMATION CODES ......................................................................................................................... 676

TABLE E–1 - 2 CHANNEL STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 6 MHZ DOCSIS (108-870 MHZ) ................ 688

TABLE E–2 - 3 CHANNEL STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 6 MHZ DOCSIS (108-870 MHZ) ................ 689

TABLE E–3 - 4 CHANNEL STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 6 MHZ DOCSIS (108-870 MHZ) ................ 689

TABLE E–4 - 4 CHANNEL STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 6 MHZ DOCSIS (108-1002 MHZ) .............. 690

TABLE E–5 - 2 CHANNEL STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 8 MHZ DOCSIS (108-862 MHZ) ................ 690

TABLE E–6 - 3 CHANNEL STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 8 MHZ DOCSIS (108-862 MHZ) ................ 691

TABLE E–7 - 4 CHANNEL STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 8 MHZ DOCSIS (108-862 MHZ) ................ 691

TABLE E–8 - 4 CHANNEL STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 8 MHZ DOCSIS (108-1006 MHZ) .............. 692

TABLE E–9 - 8 CHANNEL STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 6 MHZ DOCSIS (108-1002 MHZ) .............. 692

TABLE E–10 - 8 CHANNEL STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 8 MHZ DOCSIS (108-1006 MHZ) ............ 693

TABLE E–11 - 16 CHANNEL FULL CAPTURE BANDWIDTH STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 6 MHZ

DOCSIS (108-1002 MHZ) ................................................................................................................................. 694

TABLE E–12 - 24 CHANNEL FULL CAPTURE BANDWIDTH STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 6 MHZ

DOCSIS (108-1002 MHZ) ................................................................................................................................. 696

TABLE E–13 - 32 CHANNEL FULL CAPTURE BANDWIDTH STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 6 MHZ

DOCSIS (108-1002 MHZ) ................................................................................................................................. 698

TABLE E–14 - 16 CHANNEL FULL CAPTURE BANDWIDTH STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 8 MHZ

DOCSIS (108-1006 MHZ) ................................................................................................................................. 701

TABLE E–15 - 24 CHANNEL FULL CAPTURE BANDWIDTH STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 8 MHZ

DOCSIS (108-1006 MHZ) ................................................................................................................................. 702

TABLE E–16 - 32 CHANNEL FULL CAPTURE BANDWIDTH STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 8 MHZ

DOCSIS (108-1006 MHZ) ................................................................................................................................. 705

TABLE E–17 - 24 CHANNEL FULL CAPTURE BANDWIDTH STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 6 MHZ

DOCSIS (258-1002 MHZ) ................................................................................................................................. 707

TABLE E–18 - 32 CHANNEL FULL CAPTURE BANDWIDTH STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 6 MHZ

DOCSIS (258-1002 MHZ) ................................................................................................................................. 709

TABLE E-19 - 24 CHANNEL FULL CAPTURE BANDWIDTH STANDARD RECEIVE CHANNEL PROFILE FOR 8 MHZ

DOCSIS (258-1006 MHZ) ................................................................................................................................. 712

MAC and Upper Layer Protocols Interface Specification CM-SP-MULPIv3.1-I04-141218

12/18/14 CableLabs

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1 SCOPE

1.1 Introduction and Purpose

This specification is part of the DOCSIS

family of specifications developed by Cable Television Laboratories

(CableLabs). In particular, this specification is part of a series of specifications that defines the fifth generation of

high-speed data-over-cable systems, commonly referred to as the DOCSIS 3.1 specifications. This specification was

developed for the benefit of the cable industry, and includes contributions by operators and vendors from North and

South America, Europe, China and other regions.

This generation of the DOCSIS specifications builds upon the previous generations of DOCSIS specifications

(commonly referred to as the DOCSIS 3.0 and earlier specifications), leveraging the existing Media Access Control

(MAC) and Physical (PHY) layers, but with the addition of a new PHY layer designed to improve spectral

efficiency and provide better scaling for larger bandwidths (and appropriate updates to the MAC and management

layers to support the new PHY layer). It includes backward compatibility for the existing PHY layers in order to

enable a seamless migration to the new technology.

1.2 Background

1.2.1 Broadband Access Network

A coaxial-based broadband access network is assumed. This may take the form of either an all-coax or hybrid-

fiber/coax (HFC) network. The generic term "cable network" is used here to cover all cases.

A cable network uses a tree-and-branch architecture with analog transmission. The key functional characteristics

assumed in this document are the following:

• Two-way transmission.

• A maximum optical/electrical spacing between the CMTS and the most distant CM of 50 miles in each

direction, although typical maximum separation may be 15 miles.

• A maximum differential optical/electrical spacing between the closest and most distant modems of 50 miles

(160 km) in each direction, although this would typically be limited to less than 15 miles (24 km).

At a propagation velocity in fiber of approximately 1.5 ns/ft., 50 miles of fiber in each direction results in a round-

trip delay of approximately 0.8 ms. This is the maximum propagation delay assumed by this specification.

MULPIv3.1-14.1211-5 modified Section 1 on 12/4/14 by PO.

CM-SP-MULPIv3.1-I04-141218 Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications

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1.2.2 DOCSIS Network and System Architecture

The elements that participate in the provisioning of DOCSIS services are shown in Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1 - The DOCSIS Network

The CM connects to the operator's HFC network and to a home network, bridging packets between them. Many CPE

devices can connect to the CM's LAN interfaces, can be embedded with the CM in a single device, or they can be

separate standalone devices (as shown in Figure 1-1). CPE devices may use IPv4, IPv6 or both forms of IP

addressing. Examples of typical CPE devices are home routers, set-top devices, personal computers, etc.

The CMTS connects the operator's back office and core network with the HFC network. Its main function is to

forward packets between these two domains, and optionally forward packets between upstream and downstream

channels on the HFC network. The CMTS performs this forwarding with any combination of link-layer (bridging)

and network-layer (routing) semantics.

Various applications are used to provide back office configuration and other support to the devices on the DOCSIS

network. These applications use IPv4 and/or IPv6 as appropriate to the particular operator's deployment. The

following applications include:

Provisioning Systems:

• The DHCP servers provide the CM with initial configuration information, including the device IP address(es),

when the CM boots.

• The Configuration File server is used to download configuration files to CMs when they boot. Configuration files

are in binary format and permit the configuration of the CM's parameters.

• The Software Download server is used to download software upgrades to the CM.

• The Time Protocol server provides Time Protocol clients, typically CMs, with the current time of day.

• Certificate Revocation server provides certificate status.

Network Management System (NMS):

• The SNMP Manager allows the operator to configure and monitor SNMP Agents, typically the CM and the

CMTS.

• The syslog server collects messages pertaining to the operation of devices.

• The IPDR Collector server allows the operator to collect bulk statistics in an efficient manner.

Provisioning

Systems

IPv6

CPE

IPv4

CPE

Back Office Network HFC Network

Home Network

CMTS

IPv6

CPE

IPv4

CPE

NMS

HFC

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