EPC全球架构框架概述

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"EPC Global架构框架" EPC (Electronic Product Code) 全球架构框架是电子产品代码全球标准的一部分，由EPCglobal组织制定。这个框架详细定义了如何在全球范围内实施和利用EPC系统，旨在提供一个统一的、标准化的方法来追踪和追溯物品在整个供应链中的流动。EPC Global Architecture Framework的最终版本1.3在2009年3月19日被批准，由来自不同领域的专家共同编写，包括约翰逊与约翰逊、GS1、Impinj、宝洁、麻省理工学院、TESCO、剑桥大学、GS1 US、庆应义塾大学、CISCSemiconductor、CVS、MIT以及GS1 Hong Kong等机构的代表。该框架的核心目标是支持EPC网络，这是一个基于射频识别（RFID）技术的全球信息基础设施，能够赋予每个商品独特的电子产品代码，从而实现自动化的数据交换和物品管理。EPC Global Architecture Framework涵盖了从生产到消费的所有阶段，确保了供应链的透明度和效率，有助于库存管理、反假冒、物流优化和消费者保护。框架的抽象部分可能涵盖了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **EPC系统组件**：EPC系统由多个组件组成，包括EPC编码体系、RFID标签、读写器、中间件、EPC信息服务等。每个组件都有其特定的角色和功能，共同构建出完整的EPC信息流。 2. **标准接口**：框架定义了标准接口，使得不同的系统和应用可以无缝集成，确保数据的一致性和互操作性。 3. **数据模型**：EPC Global Architecture Framework规定了一套数据模型，用于描述物品、事件和位置，这些数据模型是整个EPC网络的基础。 4. **安全性与隐私**：框架考虑了数据的安全性和隐私保护，提供了加密和访问控制机制，以防止未经授权的访问和信息泄露。 5. **业务流程集成**：框架不仅关注技术层面，还强调与现有业务流程的集成，如订单处理、库存管理、退货处理等。 6. **扩展性与可伸缩性**：设计时考虑了未来增长和新技术的接入，确保系统的灵活性和适应性。 7. **全球化视野**：由于涉及全球供应链，框架必须考虑不同国家和地区的规定、标准和文化差异。 8. **最佳实践与案例研究**：文档中可能包含实际应用的案例研究，以展示如何成功实施EPC系统，并提供最佳实践指导。通过EPC Global Architecture Framework，企业和组织可以更有效地管理其供应链，提高运营效率，减少错误，并为消费者提供更安全可靠的产品。同时，框架也为监管机构提供了监控和管理市场的工具，促进了全球贸易的透明度和效率。

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recognized global standards organizations to incorporate standards created within

EPCglobal.

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3.3 Open System 355

The EPCglobal Architecture Framework is described in an open and vendor neutral

manner. All interfaces between architectural components are specified in open standards,

developed by the EPCglobal Community through the EPCglobal Standards Development

Process or an equivalent process within another standards organization. The Intellectual

Property policy of EPCglobal is designed to secure free and open rights to implement

EPCglobal Standards in the context of conforming systems, to the extent possible.

3.4 Platform Independence 362

The EPCglobal Architecture Framework can be implemented on heterogeneous software

and hardware platforms. The standards are platform independent meaning that the

structure and semantics of data in an abstract sense is specified separately from the

concrete details of data access services and bindings to particular interface protocols.

Where possible, interfaces are specified using platform and programming language

neutral technology (e.g., XML, SOAP messaging [SOAP1.2], and so forth).

3.5 Scalability and Extensibility 369

The EPCglobal Architecture Framework is designed to scale to meet the needs of each

End User, from a minimal pilot implementation conducted entirely within an end-user’s

four walls, to a global implementation across many companies and many continents. The

standards provide a core set of data types and operations, but also provide several means

whereby the core set may be extended for purposes specific to a given industry or

application area. Extensions not only provide for proprietary requirements to be

addressed in a way that leverages as much of the standard framework as possible, but also

provides a natural path for the standards to evolve and grow over time.

3.6 Data Ownership 378

The EPCglobal Architecture Framework is concerned with collecting information from a

single company or across multiple companies, and making it available to those parties

that have an interest in the data and are authorized to receive it. A fundamental principle

is that each End User that captures data owns that data, and has full control over what

other parties have access to that data.

In particular, the EPCglobal Architecture Framework does not presuppose that End Users

will deliver their data to some shared database operated by a single third party. Instead,

each End User that generates data may keep their data and only share them with whom

they choose. An End User may choose to deliver the data to a shared third party database

if that is the most effective way to achieve that End User’s business goals, but an End

User may choose instead to retain its data and share them with other parties on a point-to-

point basis. ONS and Discovery Services (Section 7) are designed to help End Users find

the data they need wherever it exists.

3.7 Security 392

For operations inside and outside a company’s four walls, the EPCglobal Architecture

Framework promotes environments with security precautions that appropriately address

risks and protect valuable assets and information. Security features are either built into

the standards, or use of an industry best security practice that is in accordance with this

framework is recommended.

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See Section 11 for an overview of data protection methods of current and evolving

standards within the architecture framework.

3.8 Privacy 400

The EPCglobal Architecture Framework is designed to accommodate the needs of both

individuals and corporations to protect confidential and private information. While many

parties may ultimately be willing to give up some privacy in return for getting

information or other benefits, all of them demand the right to control that decision. The

EPCglobal Public Policy Steering Committee (PPSC) is responsible for creating and

maintaining the EPCglobal Privacy Policy; readers should refer to PPSC documents for

more information.

3.9 Open, Community Process 408

The EPCglobal Standards Development Process is designed to yield standards that are

relevant and beneficial to end users. Important aspects of the process include:

• End user involvement in developing requirements through the Industry Action 411

Groups and Joint Requirements Groups.

• Open process in which all EPCglobal Community members having relevant expertise 413

are encouraged to join working groups that create new standards.

• Several review milestones in which new standards are vetted by a wide community 415

before final adoption.

4 Underlying Technical Principles 417

This section explains the design principles that underlie all parts of the EPCglobal

Architecture Framework. Working Groups should take these principles into account as

they develop new standards.

4.1 Unique Identity 421

A fundamental principle of the EPCglobal Architecture Framework is the assignment of a

unique identity to physical objects, loads, locations, assets, and other entities whose use is

to be tracked.

By “unique identity” is simply meant a name, such that the name

Some GS1 keys that have corresponding EPCs, particularly the GDTI and GSRN, may be used both for

physical objects and for non-physical entities. The applicability of EPC standards to non-physical entities

is not yet fully addressed in the EPCglobal architecture framework.

assigned to one entity is different than the name assigned to another entity. In the

EPCglobal Architecture Framework, the unique identity is the Electronic Product Code,

defined by the EPCglobal Tag Data Standard

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Unique identity within the EPCglobal Architecture Framework, as embodied in the

Electronic Product Code, has these characteristics:

• Uniqueness/Serialization The EPC assigned to one entity is different than the EPC 430

assigned to another (but see below for exceptions). This implies that all EPC-

identified entities are serialized; that is, they carry a unique serial number as part of

the EPC.

• Universality EPCs comprise a single space of identifiers that can be used to identify 434

any entity, regardless of what kind of entity it is. An EPC for an entity is globally

unique across all types of entities..

• Compatibility EPC identifiers are designed to be compatible with existing naming 437

systems. In particular, for every GS1 key that names a unique entity instance (as

opposed to a class of entities), there is a corresponding EPC. This provides

compatibility and interoperability with systems based on GS1 keys.

• Federation The EPC is not a single naming structure, but a federation of several 441

naming structures. This allows existing naming structures to be incorporated into the

EPC system, so that the property of universality (above) is achieved, while

maintaining compatibility with existing naming structures. This attribute is extremely

important to ensure wide adoption of the EPC, which would be significantly more

difficult if adoption required adoption of a single naming structure.

For example, both GS1 SSCC keys and GS1 GIAI keys also correspond to valid

EPCs. The various concrete representations of the EPC use a system of headers

(textual or binary according to the representation) to distinguish one identity scheme

from another; when one EPC is compared to another, the header is always included so

that EPCs drawn from different schemes will always be considered distinct. The

header is always considered to be a part of the EPC, not something separate.

While the EPC is designed to federate multiple naming structures, there may be

performance tradeoffs, especially with respect to RFID tag performance, when

multiple naming structures are used in the same business context. For this reason,

there is motivation to minimize the number of distinct naming structures used within

any given industry.

• Extensibility The mechanisms for federating naming structures within the EPC are 458

extensible, so that additional naming structures may be incorporated into the EPC

system without invalidating existing EPCs or the GS1 system.

• Representation independence EPCs are defined in terms of abstract structure, which 461

has several concrete realizations. Especially important are the binary realization that

is used on RFID tags and the Universal Resource Identifier (URI) realization that is

used for data exchange. Formal conversion rules exist [TDS1.4], and the Tag Data

Translation Standard [TDT1.0] provides a machine-readable form of these rules.

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