IEEE 802.11e Wireless LAN for Quality of Service
Stefan Mangold
1
, Sunghyun Choi
2
, Peter May
3
, Ole Klein
1
, Guido Hiertz
1
, Lothar Stibor
1
1
ComNets RWTH Aachen Univ. of Technology – D-52074 Aachen – Germany
2
Philips Research USA – Briarcliff Manor – New York 10510 – USA
3
Philips Research Germany – D-52064 Aachen – Germany
E-mail:
stefan.mangold@comnets.rwth-aachen.de
A
BSTRACT
In this paper, a comprehensive overview of the new
features of an upcoming new standard IEEE 802.11e to
support Quality of Service (QoS) in Wireless Local Area
Networks (WLANs) is presented. We address Medium
Access Control (MAC) enhancements found in the
current 802.11e draft specification by emphasizing the
differences from the legacy 802.11 standard. New
mechanisms for QoS support, namely Enhanced
Distributed Coordination Function (EDCF) and Hybrid
Coordination Function (HCF), defined in the 802.11e
draft are evaluated. The performance of those new
schemes is discussed via simulation results
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CK Acknowledgement
IFS Arbitration Inter Frame Space (802.11e)
Access Point
CA Collision Avoidance
CDF Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function
CFP Contention Free Period
CF-Poll Contention Free – Poll
CF-End Contention Free – End
CP Contention Period
CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access
CW Contention Window
CWmax Contention Window Maximum
CWmin Contention Window Minimum
DCF Distributed Coordination Function
EDCF Enhanced DCF
(802.11e)
HC Hybrid Coordinator
(802.11e)
HCF Hybrid Coordination Function
(802.11e)
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ISM Industrial, Science, Medical
LRE Limited Relative Error
MAC Medium Access Control
MSDU MAC Service Data Unit
NAV Network Allocation Vector
PC Point Coordinator
PCF Point Coordination Function
PF Persistence Factor
(802.11e)
PHY mode Physical Layer mode, coding and modulation scheme
PIFS PCF Inter Frame Space
(Q)BSS (QoS-supporting) Basic Service Set
(802.11e)
QoS Quality of Service
RTS/CTS Request to Send/Clear to Send
SIFS Short Inter Frame Space
TBTT Target Beacon Transmission Time
TC Traffic Category
(802.11e)
TXOP Transmission Opportunity
(802.11e)
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
1. I
NTRODUCTION
IEEE 802.11 (802.11) WLAN standard is being
accepted widely and rapidly for many different
environments today [1]. Main characteristics of the
802.11 networks are their simplicity and robustness
against failures due to the distributed approach. Using
the ISM band at 2.4 GHz, the 802.11b version provides
data rates of up to 11 Mbit/s at the wireless medium.
Now, the new 802.11a version can achieve data rates of
up to 54 Mbit/s at the wireless medium using the OFDM
modulation technique in the unlicensed 5 GHz band [4].
Today, 802.11 WLAN can be considered as a wireless
version of Ethernet, which supports best-effort service.
However, the interest in wireless networks supporting
QoS has recently grown [1]-[8]. Accordingly, the
802.11 Working Group established an activity to
enhance the current 802.11 MAC protocol to support
applications with QoS requirements. The concepts
described in this paper are in line with the
standardization efforts of Philips to enhance the QoS
functionality of WLANs. Such a network could open a
variety of opportunities for new multimedia applications
on mobile/portable devices.
In this paper, we discuss the enhancements of the
802.11e supplement standard as they are specified in the
latest draft [11], to compare them to the legacy 802.11
standard [9], and to characterize their efficiency. In
Section 2, the limitations of the QoS support in the
legacy 802.11 are discussed. Section 3 summarizes the
new mechanisms for QoS support, which are being
defined by 802.11e. A performance evaluation of the
described mechanisms through simulation results is
presented in Section 4. The paper concludes with a
summary in Section 5.
2. L
EGACY
802.11
Here we briefly summarize the 802.11 MAC protocol
and discuss its limitations in QoS support. We consider
an infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) of IEEE
802.11 WLAN, which is composed of an Access Point
(AP) and a number of stations associated with the AP.
The AP connects its stations with the infrastructure.
2.1 Distributed Coordination Function
The basic 802.11 MAC protocol is the Distributed
Coordination Function (DCF) that works as listen-
before-talk scheme, based on the Carrier Sense Multiple
Access (CSMA). Stations deliver MAC Service Data
Units (MSDUs) of arbitrary lengths (up to 2304 bytes),
after detecting that there is no other transmission in
progress on the wireless medium. However, if two
stations detect the channel as free at the same time, a
collision occurs. The 802.11 defines a Collision
Avoidance (CA) mechanism to reduce the probability of
such collisions. As part of CA, before starting a
transmission a station performs a backoff procedure. It
has to keep sensing the channel for an additional random
time after detecting the channel as being idle for a
minimum duration called DCF Interframe Space (DIFS),
To appear in Proc. European Wireless '2002, Florence, Italy, February 2002.