NetBeans平台7完全指南

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"The Definitive Guide to NetBeans Platform 7" 是一本专注于NetBeans平台开发的详尽指南，由Heiko Böck撰写。这本书的电子版为PDF格式，包含多个部分，从基础概念到高级特性，全面覆盖了NetBeans平台的各个方面。在本书中，读者将了解到： 1. **作者介绍**：书的作者Heiko Böck可能是一位在NetBeans平台开发领域有深厚经验的专家，他的专业知识和见解贯穿全书，为读者提供了权威的指导。 2. **译者和审阅者**：还有译者和专业审阅者的贡献，确保了内容的准确性和适应性，帮助非英语背景的读者理解，并保证了技术内容的专业度。 3. **致谢**：书中包含了对参与创作过程的人的感谢，这些人的工作和支持对书籍的完成起到了关键作用。 4. **引言**：引言部分通常会概述NetBeans平台的重要性和本书的主要目标，为读者提供阅读的背景和预期。 5. **第一部分：基础知识与概念**：这部分是关于NetBeans平台的基础知识，包括： - **第1章：介绍**：对NetBeans平台进行概述，解释其基本功能和用途。 - **第2章：NetBeans平台结构**：深入探讨平台的架构和组成。 - **第3章：NetBeans模块系统**：介绍模块化开发的概念，这是NetBeans平台的核心特性之一。 - **第4章：OSGi框架**：解释了NetBeans如何利用OSGi（开放服务网关倡议）来实现模块化。 - **第5章：查找概念**：讨论查找和访问服务的方式，这是模块间通信的关键。 - **第6章：动作**：涵盖如何创建和管理用户界面中的操作。 - **第7章：数据和文件**：讲解如何处理数据存储和文件操作。 - **第8章：提示和技巧**：提供实用的开发技巧和最佳实践。 6. **第二部分：外观与感觉**：关注于开发用户界面： - **第9章：菜单栏和工具栏**：展示如何创建和定制应用程序的菜单和工具栏。 - **第10章：窗口系统**：讲述如何管理应用程序的窗口和视图。 - **第11章：状态栏和进度条**：介绍这些UI元素的使用和实现。 - **第12章：节点和浏览器**：讨论NetBeans中的数据表示和浏览机制。 - **第13章：对话框和向导**：说明如何创建交互式用户界面组件。 - **第14章：可视化库**：提供关于使用可视化工具进行开发的信息。 - **第15章：提示和技巧**：更多关于创建用户界面的技巧和建议。 7. **第三部分：即用即行**：使用NetBeans平台的标准模块： - **第16章：帮助系统**：讲解如何集成和定制应用程序的帮助系统。 - **第17章：输出窗口**：说明如何管理和使用输出窗口来显示程序信息。 - **第18章：导航器**：探讨导航器组件及其在应用程序中的应用。通过这些章节，读者将能够掌握NetBeans平台的基本原理，开发自定义模块，构建功能丰富的用户界面，并利用平台的标准化模块提高开发效率。这本书不仅适合初学者，也适合有一定经验的开发者，帮助他们深入理解和利用NetBeans平台的强大功能。

CHAPTER 2  STRUCTURE OF THE NETBEANS PLATFORM

Figure 2-1. Conceptual structure of the NetBeans IDE

To enable your applications to attain this level of modularity, the NetBeans Platform on the one

hand makes mechanisms and concepts available that enable modules to be extendable by other

modules, and on the other hand enables them to communicate with each other without being

dependent on each other. In other words, the NetBeans Platform supports a loose coupling of modules

within an application.

To optimize the encapsulation of code within modules, which is necessary within a modular system,

the NetBeans Platform provides its own classloader system. Each module is loaded by its classloader and,

in the process, makes a separate independent unit of code available. As a result, a module can explicitly

make its packages available, with specific functionality being exposed to other modules. To use

functionality from other modules, a module can declare dependencies on other modules. These

dependencies are declared in the module’s manifest file and resolved by the NetBeans runtime

container, ensuring that the application always starts up in a consistent state. More than anything else,

this loose coupling plays a role in the declarative concept of the NetBeans Platform. By that I mean that

as much as possible is defined in description and configuration files, in order to avoid a hard-wired

connection of these concepts with the Java source code.

A module is described by its manifest file’s data together with the data specified in related XML files

and therefore does not need to be explicitly added to the NetBeans Platform. Using XML files, the

NetBeans Platform knows the modules that are available to it, as well as their locations and the contracts

that need to be satisfied for them to be allowed to be loaded. These dependencies are declared in the

module’s manifest file and resolved by the NetBeans runtime container, ensuring that the application

always starts up in a consistent state. The NetBeans Platform itself is formed from a group of core

modules (see Figure 2-2), which are needed for starting the application and for defining its user

interface. To this end, the NetBeans Platform makes many API modules and service provider interface

(SPI) modules available, simplifying the development process considerably. Included in this group

(shown in Figure 2-2) are, for example, the Actions API, which makes available the often needed action

classes; the powerful Nodes API; and the Options SPI, which helps your own options dialogs to be easily

integrated into the application. In addition to these, there are also complete reusable components in the

NetBeans Platform, such as the Output Window and the Favorites module.

CHAPTER 2  STRUCTURE OF THE NETBEANS PLATFORM

• The module org-openide-windows contains the Window System API, which is the

API that is probably used most. It includes basic classes for developing windows

and the windows manager, among others. From the windows manager you can

access information about all existing windows.

• The update functionality of an application is implemented by the module org-

netbeans-modules-autoupdate-services. This module provides the complete

functionality for finding, downloading, and installing modules. The module org-

netbeans-modules-autoupdate-ui provides the Plugin Manager, which enables the

user to manage and control modules and updates.

• With the org-netbeans-modules-favorites module you can display random data

and directory structures and thereby influence their actions via the Data Systems

API.

• The org-openide-actions module provides a set of frequently used actions, such

as copy, cut, and print. The functionality of these actions can be implemented in a

context-sensitive manner.

• A very powerful module is org-openide-loaders, which contains the Data Systems

API. This can be used to create dataloaders that can be linked with certain types of

files and then create data objects for it. A special behavior can be added to these

data objects in a simple way.

• The Nodes API of the module org-openide-nodes is a very central feature of the

NetBeans Platform. Nodes can, for example, be displayed in an explorer view; by

doing so, nodes can provide actions and property sheets for data objects.

• The org-openide-explorer module provides a framework to develop explorer

views as used, for example, in the projects or file view of the NetBeans IDE.

• The org-netbeans-modules-editor-mimelookup module provides an API to find

MIME type–specific settings, services, and other objects, such as an SPI to

implement your own MIME type–specific data provider. The org-netbeans-

modules-editor-mimelookup-impl module is a special implementation of this SPI

which is responsible for finding objects in the directory structure of the System

Filesystem.

• org-netbeans-modules-javahelp contains the JavaHelp runtime library and

provides an implementation to the modules API, which makes it possible for

application modules to integrate their own helpsets by means of the JavaHelp

technology.

• The QuickSearch SPI for implementing and providing your own providers is

located in the module org.netbeans.spi.quicksearch.

• The master filesystem module org-netbeans-modules-masterfs provides an

important wrapper filesystem.

• The module or

g-netbeans-modules-options-api provides an option dialog and an

SPI, making it easy to add your own option panels.

CHAPTER 2  STRUCTURE OF THE NETBEANS PLATFORM

• Long-running tasks can be managed centrally by the module org-netbeans-api-

progress. The module org-netbeans-modules-progress-ui provides a visualization

of this with which it is possible to stop separate tasks.

• org-netbeans-modules-queries provides a general query API with which modules

can query information about files. An SPI is also provided to supply your own

query implementations.

• org-netbeans-modules-sendopts, this module provides a Command Line Parsing

API and an SPI with which your own handlers can become registered for

command lines.

• The org-netbeans-modules-settings module provides an API to save module-

specific settings in a user-defined format. It also provides several useful setting

formats.

• The org-openide-awt module includes the UI Utilities API, by which the different

help classes for creating the user interface are provided.

• In the module org-openide-dialogs an API for displaying standard and

application-specific dialogs is provided. The Wizard Framework is located in this

module.

• org-openide-execution provides an API for executing long-running asynchronous

tasks.

• org-openide-io provides an API and an SPI for the input and output of files. This

module also provides a standard implementation with which you can write on the

Output Window module.

• The Text API in the module org-openide-text provides an extension of the

javax.swing.text API.

• The modules org-netbeans-swing-plaf and org-netbeans-swing-tabcontrol are

responsible for the adaptation of the look and feel and displaying the tabs. The

module org-jdesktop-layout is a wrapper module of the Swing layout extenstion

library.

• The Visual Library API is provided by the module org-netbeans-api-visual.

Furthermore, it is possible to add modules out of the IDE distribution to the listed modules.

NetBeans Runtime Container

The basis of the NetBeans Platform and its modular architecture is called NetBeans Runtime Container.

It consists of the following five modules:

• Bootstrap: This module is executed initially. It executes all registered command-

line handlers, creates a boot classloader which loads the startup module, and then

executes it.

• Startup: This module deploys the application by initializing the module system

and the file system.

CHAPTER 2  STRUCTURE OF THE NETBEANS PLATFORM

• Module System API: This API is responsible for the management of the modules

and for their settings and dependencies.

• File System API: This API provides a virtual file system which provides a platform-

independent access . It is mostly used for loading resources of the modules.

• Lookup & Utilities API : This component provides an important base component

which is used for the intercommunication of the modules. The Lookup API is

located in an independent module, so it can be used independently of the

NetBeans Platform.

The arrows in Figure 2-3 show the dependencies of these five basic modules.

Figure 2-3. NetBeans runtime container

The runtime container is the minimal form of a rich client application and can be executed as such

without further modules. If there are no tasks to do, the runtime container would directly shut down

again after starting up. It is interesting to note that, on the one hand, the Netbeans Platform can create

applications with an extensive user interface, and on the other, can also use this runtime container for a

modular command-line application. Starting the runtime container, it finds all available modules and

creates an internal registry out of them. Usually, one module is just loaded when needed. First, it is

registered as existing. However, a module has the possibility to do tasks right at the start. This is done by

the Module Installer, which will be discussed in Chapter 3. The runtime container also facilitates

dynamic loading, unloading, installing, and uninstalling of modules during runtime. This functionality is

especially necessary for users when updating an application (with the auto update function). It is also

necessary for deactivating unneeded modules within an application.

For a complete understanding of the process of a rich client application, it is also important to

mention that the Bootstrap module (the first module executed) is started by a platform-specific

launcher. This launcher is also responsible for identifying the Java Runtime Environment. The launcher

is part of the NetBeans Platform and is operating system (or OS) specific, so that, for example, on

Windows systems it is an .exe file.

NetBeans Classloader System

The NetBeans classloader system is part of the NetBeans runtime container and a precondition for

encapsulating the module and the structure of a modular architecture. This system consists of three

different types of classloaders. These are the module classloader, the system classloader, and the original

classloader.

• Most classes are loaded by the module classloader.

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NetBeans平台7完全指南

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