1550 nm VCSEL的圆偏振光注入极化切换特性研究

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"这篇研究论文探讨了1550纳米垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)在受到圆偏振光注入(CPOI)时的极化切换特性。实验结果显示，这种激光器在不同偏置电流下，可以处于y极化模式、两个极化分量共存或x极化模式的振荡状态。文章深入分析了CPOI对处于y模式和x模式的VCSEL的极化切换特性，并讨论了随着注入功率变化的动力学状态演变。此外，还给出了非线性动力学状态在注入功率和自由载流子浓度参数空间中的映射。" 这篇论文的重点是研究1550纳米波长的VCSEL在受到特定类型光学注入时的行为。VCSEL是一种特殊类型的半导体激光器，其发射光垂直于器件表面，由于其结构特点，它们通常表现出良好的可调性和多模操作。在这个研究中，研究人员使用了圆偏振光注入，这是一种通过向激光器输入特定偏振状态的光来影响其内部电磁场的技术。研究发现，当激光器处于不同的偏置电流状态时，其振荡模式有所不同。在y极化模式下，激光器仅在一个特定的极化方向上振荡；在两个极化分量共存的状态下，激光器同时在两个正交的极化方向上产生光；而在x极化模式下，振荡发生在与y模式正交的方向上。这些不同的振荡模式揭示了VCSEL内部动态过程的复杂性，尤其是当外部光注入改变时。进一步的分析关注了CPOI如何影响VCSEL的极化特性。随着注入光的功率增加，激光器的动力学状态会经历一系列的变化，这可能涉及到稳定状态、周期性振荡甚至混沌行为。这些变化对于理解和控制VCSEL的性能至关重要，因为它们直接影响到激光器的输出质量和稳定性。此外，论文中还展示了非线性动力学状态在两个关键参数——注入功率和自由载流子浓度之间的映射。这种映射提供了关于激光器行为的全局视图，帮助研究人员预测和设计更复杂的激光系统，例如用于通信、传感器或量子计算的应用。这篇研究深入探讨了1550纳米VCSEL在圆偏振光注入下的极化切换行为，揭示了这种激光器在不同工作条件下的复杂动力学特性，为进一步优化和利用VCSEL的性能提供了理论基础。

Polarization switching characteristics in a 1550 nm

VCSEL subject to circularly polarized optical injection

Haiying Qiu (邱海英)

, Zhengmao Wu (吴正茂)

*, Tao Deng (邓涛)

Yang He (何洋)

, and Guangqiong Xia (夏光琼)

1,2

School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China

e-mail: gqxia@swu.edu.cn

*Corresponding author: zmwu@swu.edu.cn

Received September 17, 2015; accepted November 19, 2015; posted online January 4, 2016

Polarization switching (PS) characteristics in a 1550 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject

to circularly polarized optical injection (CPOI) are experimentally investigated. The results show that, under

different biased current, a solitary 1550 nm VCSEL can oscillate at y polarization mode (y mode), two polari-

zation components (PCs) coexistence or x polarization mode (x mode). The PS characteristics induced by

CPOI for the VCSEL operating at y mode and x mode are analyzed and the evolutions of dynamical states

with the injected power are discussed. Additionally, the mappings of nonlinear dynamical states are given

in the parameters space of the injected power and frequency detuning.

OCIS codes: 140.7260, 190.3100, 190.4360.

doi: 10.3788/COL201614.021401.

The nonlinear dynamics including optical switching and

bistability occurring in edge-emitting semiconductor

lasers (EELs)

[1–6]

and vertical-cavity surface-emitting

lasers (VCSELs)

[7–25]

are interesting phenomena and have

attracted extensive attention for their potential applica-

tions in optical interconnects and all-optical signal proce ss-

ing. Polarization switching (PS) phenomenon and its

associated polarization bistabilit y (PB) in VCSELs has

become relevant research focuses because of these unique

advantages such as reduced manufacturing costs, low-

threshold current, larger modulation bandwidth, single-

longitudinal-mode operation, circular output beam, etc.

[26]

Previous works have demonstrated that the PS and PB can

be obtained through continuously varying the biased cur-

rent or device temperature of a VCSEL

[11,12]

, or introducing

an external disturbance such as current modulation

[13]

optical feedback

[14–16]

, or optical injection

[18–25]

Since PS in a short-wavelength VCSEL subject to

optical injection was experimentally demonstrated for

the first time to our knowledge by Pan et al.

[21]

, optical

injection has become a common method to obtain PS in

VCSELs

[22–25]

. Optical injection, which is introduced to

achieve PS, generally includes three types: orthogonal

optical injection, variable-polarization optical injection,

and circularly polarized optical injection (CPOI). PS char-

acteristics in VCSELs subject to orthogonal optical injec-

tion have been extensively investigated. For instance,

Gatare et al. experimentally studied the injection strength

induced PS in an 850 nm VCSEL subject to orthogonal

optical injection

[22]

. Torre et al. analyzed theoretically

and experimentally the injected power required for PS

as a function of the frequency detuning in long-wavelength

VCSELs subject to orthogonal optical injection

[23]

Quirce et al. observed different types of PS in a 1550 nm

VCSEL subject to orthogonal optical injection

[24]

. For PS

in a VCSEL subject to variable-polarization optical injec-

tion, Al-Seyab et al. theoretically investigated the input

polarization angle required for PS in a 1550 nm VCSEL

subject to optical injection of arbitrary polarization

[25]

Relative to the two optical injection schemes mentioned

above, PS characteristics in a VCSEL subject to CPOI

is rarely reported though the circular PS and PB in a

1300 nm spin-VCSEL subject to CPOI have been exper-

imentally observed

[27]

In this Letter, we report an experimental investigation

of the PS characteristics in a 1550 nm VCSEL subject to

CPOI. The evolution of different nonlinear dynamical

behaviors for the 1550 nm VCSEL subject to CPOI have

been presented, and the mappings of dynamical behaviors

in the parameter space of the injected power and the fre-

quency detuning have also been given.

Figure

1 shows the schematic of the experimental setup.

The output of a tunable semiconductor laser source (Ando

AQ4321A) first passes through an erbium-doped fiber

amplifier (EDFA1, Corning PureGain 2500C), a variable

attenuator (VA1), a polarization controller (PC), an

optical isolator (OI1), and then is split into two parts

by a 10/90 fiber coupler (FC1). One part is connected

to a power meter (PM) to monitor the injected power

inj

. The other is transformed into circular polarization

light via an aspheric lens (AL1), OI2, a polarizer (P),

and a quarter-wave plate (QWP) whose optical axis is

positioned at 45° relative to the transmission axis of the

polarizer. The polarization characteristics of the output

from the QWP can be determined through sending it to

another polarizer named as an analyzer. Rotating contin-

uously the analyzer and detecting the transmitted power

from the analyzer, the output from the QWP can be

judged as circular polarization light once the detecting

power keeps a constant. Then, such circular polarization

COL 14(2), 021401(2016) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS February 10, 2016

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