动手制作：Arduino机器人与小工具入门

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"Make: Arduino Bots and Gadgets" 这本书，"Make: Arduino Bots and Gadgets" 是由 Kimmo 和 Tero Karvinen 编写的，旨在帮助读者利用开源电子原型平台Arduino构建自己的机器人、原型设计和应用。本书特别适合初学者，它不仅介绍了嵌入式系统的基础知识，还提供了让你在几天内就能完成第一个小设备的项目。在描述中，作者提到Arduino使得创建嵌入式小工具变得简单。嵌入式系统是现代生活中无处不在的技术，它们存在于汽车、儿童玩具以及手机等各类产品中。通过书中的六个趣味项目，读者可以快速上手，并逐步积累知识和技能。书的内容可能包括以下几个方面： 1. **Arduino入门**：解释Arduino平台的基本概念，如何设置工作环境，以及选择合适的硬件和软件。 2. **项目一：基础控制**：可能会介绍如何编写简单的代码来控制LED灯或其他基本电子元件，以理解输入和输出的工作原理。 3. **项目二：传感器应用**：通过连接不同类型的传感器（如温度、光线或运动传感器），学习如何获取和处理实时数据。 4. **项目三：电机控制**：教授如何驱动电机，进而创建移动机器人或自动化设备的基础。 5. **项目四：无线通信**：可能涉及到使用蓝牙或Wi-Fi模块，实现远程控制或与其他设备交互。 6. **项目五：编程进阶**：深入到更复杂的编程概念，如定时器、中断和PID控制，以提升设备的智能性。 7. **项目六：综合应用**：结合前面所学，设计并制作一个具有完整功能的小型装置，如自动喂食器或环境监测器。此外，书中还包括了开发编辑、生产编辑、技术编辑等多个环节的专业团队支持，确保内容的质量和可读性。专业编辑和校对人员的参与，保证了书籍的准确性和流畅度。封面设计和插图摄影都由经验丰富的艺术家完成，增加了视觉吸引力。通过阅读这本书，读者不仅能掌握Arduino的基础知识，还能了解到嵌入式系统的设计和实现流程，从而能够将自己的创意转化为实际的电子产品。无论你是想要制作有趣的机器人还是开发实用的应用，"Make: Arduino Bots and Gadgets" 都是一本很好的起点。

Introduction

Building Philosophy

Test in Steps

“I wrote the code for a singing and dancing robot that can walk up stairs. The code

is 30,000 lines long. I just tried compiling it, but it doesn’t work. Do you have any

advice?”

Conduct testing as early as possible. If, for example, you build a walking robot,

the first thing to test is whether you can make the servo motor move. The next

test can make the servo move back and forth.

After you have tested the functionality of a specific version of code, save it

separately from the version you are working on.

Revert to the L ast Known Good Version

When you have developed your code into a confusing and nonfunctional

state, the solution is easy. Go back to the last working version.

More specifically, go back to a working stage when the situation was already

becoming confusing. This method removes the problem areas and lets you

start over with a functional clean slate, helping you isolate what went wrong.

Read the Friendly Manual

RTFM is an old Internet acronym. (Actually, the F is not always friendly, so we

usually stick with just RTM.) The point of the expression is that most answers

are out there, written in a manual. When you’re surrounded by parts (see

Figure 1-5), you're going to need answers.

Friends and students sometimes wonder how we know so much. How do we

know the Arduino operating voltage or the way to install SSL encryption to the

Apache web server?

Figure 1-5. Mikko Toivonen, surrounded by robots and microcontrollers

The answer is easy. You can find instructions for almost anything if you know

where to look.

Instructions don’t always come with devices and parts, but you can often find

them on manufacturer’s web pages (such as http://www.parallax.com) or by

searching in Google. Good search terms include device names (e.g., “ping ul-

trasonic sensor”) or a sequence of numbers on a circuit board (e.g., “H48C”).

Introduction

Reusing Parts

Computer DVD drives and hard drives can make great frames for robots, be-

cause their covers are often made of lightweight, easily drillable, and sturdy

material. You can also remove DC (direct current) motors and gears from DVD

drives. Nowadays, there is more readily available computer junk than you can

gather and store in your home. Educational institutions and corporations are

particularly good sources, as they’re continuously throwing out old devices.

Flea markets can also hold great finds. Mechanical typewriters deserve a spe-

cial mention here. Though they are relatively hard to disassemble, they house

an unbelievable amount of small springs, metal pieces of different shapes, and

screws.

Disassemble devices as soon as you find them and then discard or recycle un-

necessary parts. This way, you’ll avoid turning your home into a graveyard of

retired devices, and more importantly, the parts will be immediately usable

when you really need them. When you are searching for a suitable attachment

piece for a servo, you probably don’t want to start a six-hour disassembly op-

eration. Parts usually won’t find a new purpose until you’ve removed them

from the original device, at which point inspiration might strike. You might

even wonder how a specific “whatchamacallit” fits a new purpose so perfectly.

When you begin working on some difficult new mechanism, think about where

you might have seen something similar. You’ll often find everyday solutions

to many problems. For example, parts purchased from bicycle or automotive

shops can sometimes work in other projects. Figure 1-8 shows a hand with

fingers that are moved with servo motors; every joint in each finger bends.

The fingers were made by attaching sections of a steel pipe to a bicycle chain.

They bend when a brake cable is pulled down. Typewriter parts welded to the

opposite side of the structure pull the fingers back into a straight position.

Figure 1-8. Robot hand made of junk

Also keep your eyes open in military surplus stores, where you can find inex-

pensive, sturdy, and personalized enclosures for prototypes. Various parts and

accessories in these shops can also, with a bit of creativity on your part, give

devices significantly more street cred. For example, Figure 1-9 shows a porcu-

pine robot cover built from an MG/42 machine gun ammunition belt.

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KevinWu2019

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