XNA 2.0 游戏开发实践指南：独立游戏制作必备

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"Building XNA 2.0 Games - A Practical Guide for Independent Game Development" 本书《Building XNA 2.0 Games》由James Silva和John Sedlak撰写，是一部针对独立游戏开发者的实用指南。XNA是微软推出的游戏开发框架，旨在简化游戏开发流程，让开发者能够专注于创意和内容，而非底层技术细节。XNA 2.0是该框架的一个早期版本，它支持Windows和Xbox 360平台。书中可能涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **XNA Framework基础**：介绍XNA的基本架构和组件，包括Content Pipeline（内容管道）、Game Studio、Graphics Device Interface (GDI) 和DirectX的集成等。 2. **游戏编程基础**：涵盖游戏设计的基本概念，如游戏循环、时间管理、输入处理、游戏状态管理以及错误处理。 3. **图形与渲染**：讲解如何使用XNA进行2D和3D图形渲染，包括纹理、着色器、模型加载和动画。 4. **音频处理**：介绍如何集成音频到游戏中，包括音乐播放、音效管理和声音空间定位。 5. **物理模拟**：可能涉及简单的碰撞检测、重力模拟和刚体运动等物理效果的实现。 6. **游戏对象和组件系统**：讨论如何构建可重用的游戏对象和组件，以提高代码复用性和可维护性。 7. **网络编程**：如果涉及多人游戏，可能会讲解如何利用XNA进行网络通信和同步。 8. **Content Pipeline**：这是一个强大的工具，用于导入、转换和打包游戏资源，如图像、音频和3D模型。 9. **优化技巧**：提供性能优化建议，如内存管理、减少绘制调用和使用批处理技术。 10. **发布与部署**：指导读者如何将游戏发布到Windows桌面和Xbox 360平台，包括认证过程和市场策略。 11. **实例分析**：通过实际的游戏项目示例，演示如何应用上述知识点，帮助读者更好地理解和实践。 12. **技术审阅**：经过了技术审阅者Fabio Claudio Ferracchiati的审查，确保内容的技术准确性。此外，书籍可能还包含对版权和商标的法律声明，以及编辑和出版团队的信息，以确保作品的合法性和专业性。通过这本书，独立开发者可以学习到使用XNA 2.0开发游戏所需的核心技术和实践经验。尽管XNA现在已被更新的框架如Unity和Unreal Engine取代，但其基础原理仍然适用于现代游戏开发，特别是对于理解游戏开发流程和技术栈有着重要的历史价值。

■INTRODUCTION

character editor, and then start working directly with our game. We’ll implement a solid plat-

forming engine, particle systems, audio, and menus, before moving on to some advanced stuff

like postprocessing effects and networking.

The really nice bit is that you can download the final projects now. In fact, you had better

do it right away. The link is http://apress.com/book/view/1430209798.

This way, you’ll be able to see exactly where we’re headed before we get there. We find it

kind of annoying and troublesome to keep writing code without getting much visual payoff. We

like to see what we’re doing! So snag the code online, fire up Zombie Smashers XNA in Visual

Studio, run it on Windows, and see where we’re headed. With all of the fully completed projects

in hand, you shouldn’t have to feel in the dark when we throw hundreds of lines of convoluted

tools, particles, and who knows what else at you in the chapters to come.

Of course, we will skip around a lot—more in some chapters than in others. That’s just the

nature of the beast. We may want to add a bit of functionality to one area, but in doing so, we

find we need to update a tool, introduce some global states, and so on. So bear this in mind while

following the final projects: there may be code that the text doesn’t cover yet. It’s safe to ignore;

we’ll get to it all eventually.

All that said, it’s probably safe to dive in!

■ ■ ■

CHAPTER 1

A .NET Snapshot

Coding 101

Prior to writing a game, or any application for that matter, it is extremely important to know

how to program! This chapter provides a brief overview of some core programming concepts

as they pertain to .NET and the C# language. If you are not familiar with C#, .NET, or object-

oriented design, we suggest that you first spend some time reading and exploring other books

dedicated to those subjects. If you have some experience developing on the .NET platform, you

may wish to skip this chapter entirely. You won’t miss much if you just want to develop a sweet

game!

The .NET Platform

All of .NET (pronounced “dot net”) is called a platform, because it is much more than some

code, a software development kit (SDK), or a set of languages. The platform consists of a set of

goals developed by Microsoft to tackle cross-platform development and create a way to enable

rapid application development. In marketing terms, .NET makes developers’ jobs easier by

letting them focus on implementing functionality rather than developing the core mechanics

of an application.

The goal of .NET is to provide a large umbrella for which managed languages can be written,

compiled, and run with greater ease than ever before. One of the major strengths of the .NET

platform is that it is inherently cross-platform.

The platform encompasses a wide range of three-letter acronyms (TLAs), a few of which

you should know and understand while programming.

When you or some other developer writes an application or library in a .NET language, it

is compiled into an assembly. This assembly, no matter what type, can be used by other .NET

assemblies. This allows developers to easily reference and use code written in multiple managed

languages, such as C#, Visual Basic .NET (VB .NET), or Managed C++. This is due to the fact that

the code written in these languages compiles down into the Common Intermediate Language

(CIL), a low-level language that resembles assembly. CIL is not an assembly language, however;

it represents the code itself, rather than CPU-specific instructions. The fact that CIL represents

the actual code, instead of optimized and cryptic assembly code, allows it to be decompiled

CHAPTER 1

■ A .NET SNAPSHOT

Now that you understand what the mscorlib.dll library provides, you know one part of

what is called the .NET Framework. In general, a framework is a set of libraries composed

of types, methods, algorithms, and resources that developers can use to create applications.

Inverting the diagram shown in Figure 1-1, you can see that assemblies reference and use each

other to actually create a program. These libraries and all this technology are useless without

some knowledge of how to use them. This is where object-oriented programming and design

come in and guide us to the greener side of application development.

Variables

As developers, we use variables, fields, members, or whatever else you decide to call them to

hold stuff for us. When we wish to count from one to ten, or know when a user has clicked

something, we use variables to hold the data. Each variable has what we call a type, which

determines exactly what the variable can hold. For example, a variable of type int, or an

integer, can hold whole numbers. A variable of type double or float can hold decimal values.

C# is very specific about how we declare and use these variables. For instance, we add two

numbers in a certain way:

int myValue = 4;

int myValue2 = 3;

int myResult = myValue + myValue2;

Notice how we always declare a variable by putting the type first and the name second. It

is important to note that the name of a variable can never start with anything but a letter. Thus,

the following are illegal declarations:

int 3myValue;

int #myValue;

After the first character, you can use numbers and underscores. The capitalization does

not matter and is done in a certain way for readability. The general convention is to start each

word with a capital letter. Here are some valid declarations:

int my_VALUE;

int m_value;

int myvalue;

int MyValue;

After declaring a variable, we can assign it a value by using the equal sign. The variable we

are setting is always to the left of the equal sign, and the value we are generating is to the right.

So, in the first example in this section, we are setting the variable myResult equal to the sum of

myValue and myValue2.

We can separate the declaration of a variable from when we set it. These types of variables

are known as value types due to how they are stored in memory. Basically, there are two places

a variable can be stored: the stack and the managed heap. Value types, for the most part, are

stored on the stack because it is quick and dirty. Bigger types, known as object or reference

types, are stored on the heap and require the use of the new operator, as you will see in examples

later in this chapter. Table 1-1 shows a short list of common types and their uses.

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