Introduction
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Reference Example Notes
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User Input and Example Code echo Hello, World 5
Utility Name awk
Utility Operand file_name
Utility Option −c
Utility Option with Option-Argument −w width
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Notes:
1. Conversion specifications, specifier characters, and modifier characters are used primarily
in date-related functions and utilities and the fprintf and fscanf formatting functions.
2. Unless otherwise noted, the quotes shall not be used as input or output. When used in a
list item, the quotes are omitted. For literal characters, ’\’ (or any of the other sequences
such as ’’’) is the same as the C constant ’\\’ (or ’\’’).
3. The style selected for some of the special characters, such as <newline>, matches the form
of the input given to the localedef utility. Generally, the characters selected for this special
treatment are those that are not visually distinct, such as the control characters <tab> or
<newline>.
4. Names surrounded by braces represent symbolic limits or configuration values which
may be declared in appropriate headers by means of the C #define construct.
5. Brackets shown in this font, "[ ]", are part of the syntax and do not indicate optional
items. In syntax the ’|’ symbol is used to separate alternatives, and ellipses ("...") are
used to show that additional arguments are optional.
Shading is used to identify extensions and options; see Section 1.8.1 (on page 3).
Footnotes and notes within the body of the normative text are for information only
(informative).
Informative sections (such as Rationale, Change History, Application Usage, and so on) are
denoted by continuous shading bars in the margins.
Ranges of values are indicated with parentheses or brackets as follows:
•
(a,b) means the range of all values from a to b, including neither a nor b.
•
[a,b] means the range of all values from a to b, including a and b.
•
[a,b) means the range of all values from a to b, including a, but not b.
•
(a,b] means the range of all values from a to b, including b, but not a.
Notes:
1. Symbolic limits are used in this volume instead of fixed values for portability. The values
of most of these constants are defined in the Base Definitions volume, <limits.h> or
<unistd.h>.
2. The values of errors are defined in the Base Definitions volume, <errno.h>.
xiv System Interfaces, Issue 6 — Copyright 2001-2004, IEEE and The Open Group. All rights reserved.