Google AppEngine编程实战：云端开发新体验

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"云端代码：利用Google.AppEngine编程" 在当今的数字时代，云技术与云计算已成为软件开发的重要组成部分。Google AppEngine是Google提供的一种平台即服务（PaaS）解决方案，它允许开发者构建、运行和扩展Web应用程序，而无需考虑底层基础设施的管理。"云端代码：利用Google.AppEngine编程"这本书深入浅出地介绍了如何使用这一强大的平台进行编程。书中通过Python和Java两种编程语言的示例，展示了如何利用AppEngine的优势。无论是Python爱好者还是Java开发者，都能从中受益。作者Mark对云技术和AppEngine涉及的技术进行了详细的解释，用平易近人且注重事实的方式，而非空洞的宣传，使读者能够轻松理解复杂的概念。 Fred Daoud，作者 of "Stripes: 和Java Web Development Is Fun Again"以及"Getting Started with Apache Click"，称赞了这本书对于区分Web应用开发中的本质复杂性和偶然复杂性的洞察。在传统的Web应用开发中，购买服务器硬件、安装操作系统以及担忧这些基础设施未来是否能满足应用需求等任务，都是非本质的复杂性。而"云端代码"阐述了开发者如何利用Google AppEngine的服务，编写出高度灵活且可扩展的Web应用，从而避开过去困扰开发者的一系列低级部署细节问题。 Lyle Johnson，Senior Analyst at Sentar Inc.，赞赏了书中的紧凑、注释清晰的代码和明确的解释。这使得开发者不仅能学习到AppEngine的使用，还能掌握编写高效云原生应用的技巧。通过这本书，读者可以了解到如何在Google AppEngine上实现快速迭代和无缝扩展，以应对不断变化的用户需求和业务挑战。 "云端代码：利用Google.AppEngine编程"是一本面向开发者，特别是对云服务感兴趣或寻求将应用迁移到云端的开发者的宝贵资源。它不仅提供了实用的技术指导，还传递了关于如何在云端高效工作的深刻见解。通过阅读本书，读者可以提升自己的云开发能力，掌握如何利用Google AppEngine创建和管理高性能的Web应用程序。

CLOUDCOMPUTINGPROGRAMMINGSYSTEMS 16

ability to listen to snippets, read reviews, comment on things that

they’ve listened to, get suggestions for new things based on what

they like, and ultimately select things to purchase. That’s clearly

a service, and it makes sense to keep it in the cloud.

Large computations.

Is your application intended to perform a massive computation,

which you could never afford to do if you needed to buy your own

computers to run it? If so, the cloud allows you to purchase time

on a server farm of computers in an affordable way and run your

application. This is gr eat for people like genetics researchers, who

need to run massive computations but don’t have the money or

other resources to set up a dedicated data center for their com-

putations. Instead, they can purchase time on commercial data

centers, which they share with many other users.

1.2 Cloud Computing Programming Systems

There are multiple ways of programming the cloud. Before we start

actually writing programs, we’ll take a quick look at a few examples to

give you a sense of what sorts of options are available.

Amazon EC2

Amazon provides a variety of cloud-based services. Their main pro-

gramming tool is called EC2, Elastic Computing Cloud.

EC2 is really a family of related services. Compared to App Engine,

which provides a single, narrowly focused suite of APIs, EC2 is com-

pletely agnostic about programming APIs. It provides hundreds of dif-

ferent environments: you can run your application in EC2 using Linux,

Solaris, or W i n d o w s Server; you can store data using DB2, Informix,

MySQL, SQL Server, or Oracle; you can implement your code in Perl,

Python, Ruby, Java, C++, or C#; you can run it using IBM’s W e b S p h e r e

or sMash, Apache JBoss, Oracle W e b L o g i c , or Microsoft IIS. Depend-

ing on which combination you prefer and how much of each kind of

resource (storage, CPU, network bandwidth) you plan to use, the costs

vary from $0.10 per CPU hour and $0.10 per gigabyte of bandwidth to

around $0.74 per CPU hour for high-end instances.

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CLOUDCOMPUTINGPROGRAMMINGSYSTEMS 17

Amazon S3

Amazon provides another extremely interesting cloud service, which is

very different from most other cloud offerings. S3, Simple Storage Ser-

vice, is a pure storage system. It doesn’t provide the ability to run pro-

grams; it doesn’t provide any ﬁlesystem; it doesn’t provide any index-

ing. It’s pure block storage: you can allocate a chunk of storage that

has a unique identiﬁer, and then you can read and write bytes from

that chunk using its identiﬁer.

A variety of systems have been created that use S3 for storage: web-

based ﬁlesystems, native OS ﬁlesystems, database systems, and table

storage systems. It’s a wonderful example of the cloud’s resource-based

paradigm: the computation involved in storage is completely separated

from the actual data storage itself. When you need storage, you buy a

bunch of bytes of storage space from S3. When you need computation,

you buy EC2 resources.

S3 is a really fascinating system. It’s very focused: it does exactly one

thing and does it in an incredibly narrow way. But in an important

sense, that’s exactly what the cloud is about. S3 is a perfectly focused

service; it stores bytes for you.

S3 charges are based on two criteria: how much data you store and how

much network bandwidth you use storing and retrieving your data.

Amazon currently charges $0.15 per gigabyte per month and about

$0.10 per gigabyte uploaded and $0.17 per gigabyte downloaded.

On a related note, Google provides a very similar cloud service, called

Google Developer Storage, which replicates the basic features of S3 in

the Google cloud.

IBM Computing on Demand

IBM provides a cloud service platform based on IBM’s suite of web ser-

vice development that uses W e b S p h e r e , DB2, and Lotus collaboration

tools. The environment is the same as the IBM-based environment on

EC2, but it runs in IBM’s data centers instead of Amazon’s.

Microsoft Azure

Microsoft has developed and deployed a cloud platform called Azure.

Azure is a W i n d o w s - b a s e d platform that uses a combination of stan-

dard web services technologies (such as SOAP, REST, Servlets, and

ASPs) and Microsoft’s proprietary APIs, like Silverlight. As a result,

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CLOUDCOMPUTINGPROGRAMMINGSYSTEMS 18

you get the ability to create extremely powerful applications that look

very much like standard desktop applications. But the downside is it’s

closely tied to the W i n d o w s platform, so the application clients run

primarily on W i n d o w s . While there are Silverlight implementations for

other platforms, the applications tend to only be reliable on W i n d o w s

platforms and only fully functional in Internet Explorer.

So that’s the cloud. Now that we know what it is, we’re going to start

learning about how to build applications in the cloud. Google has put

together a really terriﬁc platform, called App Engine, for you to build

and run your own cloud applications.

In the rest of the book, we’re going to look in detail at the key pieces

of building cloud-based web applications. W e ’ l l start of f working in

Python. Python’s great for learning the basics: it lets you see what’s

going on, and it makes it easy to quickly try different approaches and

see what happens.

W e ’ l l go through the full stack of techniques that you need for build-

ing a Google App Engine application in Python, starting with the basic

building blocks: HTTP, services, and handlers. Then we’ll look at how

you work with persistent data in the cloud using the App Engine data-

store service. And then, we’ll look at how to build user interfaces for

your applications using HTTP, CSS, and AJAX.

From there, we’ll leave Python for a while and move into Java. In my

opinion, Java can be a lot more convenient for building complex appli-

cations. Not that Python can’t or shouldn’t be used for advanced App

Engine development, but my preference is to use Java. And App Engine

provides access to an absolutely brilliant framework called GWT, which

abstracts away most of the boilerplate plumbing of a web-based cloud

application, allowing you to focus on the interesting parts. W e ’ l l spend

some time learning about how to build beautiful user interfaces using

GWT and how to do AJAX-style communication using GWT’s remote

procedure call service.

Finally, we’ll spend some time looking at the most complicated aspects

of real web development. W e ’ l l look at the details of how you can do

sophisticated things using the App Engine datastore service, how to

implement server-side processing and computation using things like

cron, and how to integrate security and authentication into your App

Engine application.

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