无线传感器网络入门指南：从零开始的实践教程

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connectors, shields, hexadecimals, binary numbers, ASCII codes, and finally a

complete guide to XBee AT commands.

About the Title

You will notice that for a book called Building Wireless Sensor Networks, we spend quite

a bit of time talking about actuation: outputs that make things happen in the physical

world. The source of this is a deep-seated point of view that is backed up by some long-

standing cognitive science.

“Thinking is for doing” is a phrase popularized by social psychologist Susan Fiske. Her

point (and William James’ when he commented similarly a century earlier) is that our

brains exist first and last for creating physical actions. In fact, the brain is just the

midpoint of the perception-action chain. The real action starts with our sensory sys-

tems. We see, smell, and feel, then we process those sensations for the purpose of

choosing and executing our next move. Sensing never happens in a vacuum for its own

sake. There’s always a physical purpose. This is as true for wireless networks as it is for

living organisms. The data we collect is always aimed at an action of some kind. Alarm

systems trigger an immediate police response, while environmental sensing studies of-

ten have a much longer cycle that results in policies to guide real-world development.

In both cases there’s a purpose to the sensing that ends up, sooner or later, creating

changes in the physical world. This book takes a comprehensive approach to cover

both the input and output stages of the information-action cycle—sensing and actua-

tion. In doing so, we hope to encourage projects to do more with data than simply

collect it, hopefully enabling implementations that use their sensory input to create the

rich physical experiences that humans crave.

About the Examples

All of the example circuits and code in this book are designed with clarity in mind.

Astute electrical engineers will certainly notice that some corners have been cut. For

example, we draw close to the rated output for the 3.3-volt pin on the Arduino board

in some projects, and we rely on the microcontroller to throttle the current going to

LEDs where we can. While that wouldn’t be advisable in a commercial product, it does

produce working circuits that are very simple for the beginner to build and understand.

The same is true for the example code. Production-quality programming usually in-

cludes much more error correction and thriftier memory management than we offer

here. Our purpose is to strip the code down to the basics as much as possible so that

it can serve as a transparent tool for learning.

If you prefer to enhance the circuits and code to make them more robust, by all means

do so! Feel free to share your suggestions or enhancements on the forums, and by

sending them to us at bookquestions@oreilly.com. Feedback and community partici-

pation is always welcome!

xiv | Preface

Acknowledgments

This book was strongly affected by my tag team of editors Brian Jepson and Tom

Sgouros. Brian’s fractured wit paired with his expert strategies constantly guided my

hand, while Tom’s attention to details and scientific discipline provided the rigor any

technical book demands. Even when process and schedule left me breathless, I never

lost appreciation for the wisdom and craft they supplied. I’m grateful for all their help.

My technical editors imparted a level of feedback that went well beyond their respective

calls of duty. Kate Hartman, who encouraged this book from the get-go, spent many

hours combing the text for confusing constructions and omitted explanations. Her

project assessments and clarity of voice are felt throughout. Jordan Husney cheerfully

reviewed many of these chapters from his perch at 35,000 feet. His deep knowledge of

the ZigBee protocol is matched only by his competence as a wordsmith. Thanks to both

for their efforts and uncommon friendships.

Building Wireless Sensor Networks is loosely structured around the Sociable Objects

class I created at NYU’s ITP graduate program in media and technology. There, Tom

Igoe loaned me my first ZigBee radio, encouraged my projects, mentored my develop-

ment as a teacher, and continues to be a seemingly bottomless well of excellent advice

and terrible puns. This book almost certainly could not have happened without him.

Clay Shirky, Nancy Hechinger, Marianne Petit, Dan Shiffman, Danny Rozen, and Dan

O’Sullivan are but a few of the instructors who provided invaluable inspiration. George

Agudow and the sensational staff at ITP have granted support to my work at every turn.

My fellow resident researchers Jeff, John, Jenny, Kate, Gabe, and Demetrie influenced

my ideas and enriched my experience during the year we were all lucky enough to work

together. Almost all the concepts in this book were trialed by my Sociable Objects

students and I am grateful for their feedback, which is incorporated throughout. Ev-

eryone in the ITP community owes a debt toward longtime Chair and perpetual guiding

star Red Burns. Her steely stare, firm love, and rare brilliance continue to illuminate us

all.

This book would have been immeasurably more difficult without Paul Cole’s flexibility,

generous spirit, and unflagging support. I am thankful for the grand company of my

entire day job crew at GroundedPower, especially longtime collaborators Terence Arjo,

Mike Bukhin, and Demetrie Tyler. They caught my bullets on countless occasions when

I needed extra concentration for penning these pages. At SVA’s MFA program in In-

teraction Design, Liz Danzico’s words of wisdom and my graduate students’ insightful

creations brought depth to my thinking and clarity to my explanations.

My mother and father taught me to craft with words, wood, and wires—priceless skills

that I am honored to share in some small measure here. I am lucky to come from two

people with such talent, creative motivation, and quick-witted humor. My sister, Susan,

and her partner, Russ, tirelessly guided me through the tricks of the writing trade. When

enthusiasm flagged, Sue and Russ assured me that my writerly doldrums were distinctly

underwhelming, cannily undermining my laments and restoring my cheer. I’m

Preface | xvii

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