Microsoft SharePoint Designer 2010实战指南：Step by Step教程

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Microsoft SharePoint Designer 2010 是一本专注于 Microsoft SharePoint 开发的专业指南，由 Penelope Coventry 编写，并获得微软公司的授权。这本书采用 step-by-step 的教学方法，旨在帮助读者深入了解和掌握 SharePoint 平台的各种开发技能。作为 O'Reilly Media, Inc. 出版的图书，它遵循所有适用的版权法律，强调未经许可不得复制、存储或传播文档的任何部分。本书涵盖了 SharePoint 2010 的核心技术，包括但不限于网站设计、列表和库管理、工作流配置、自定义应用程序开发以及与 SharePoint Server 的集成。对于那些希望在企业环境中提升工作效率、构建协作解决方案或进行定制化开发的 IT 专业人士来说，这是一本不可或缺的参考资料。通过深入浅出的实例和实用教程，读者可以学习如何创建用户友好的界面，设计美观且功能丰富的 SharePoint 网站，以及如何利用 SharePoint Designer 工具来实现业务流程自动化。此外，书中还可能探讨了 SharePoint 架构和后端技术的基础知识，以便开发者能够更好地理解和优化系统性能。在线版本的 Microsoft SharePoint Designer 2010 教程也十分方便，对于那些寻求持续学习和更新知识的读者，提供了灵活的学习途径。为了获取更多关于教育、商业或销售推广方面的 Microsoft Press 图书信息，用户可以联系 O'Reilly Media 的企业或机构销售部门，或者访问微软出版社的官方网站获取最新资讯。 Microsoft SharePoint Designer 2010 是一本实用的开发指南，不仅适合初学者入门，也是经验丰富的 SharePoint 开发者的工具箱必备，为他们在 SharePoint 平台上实现创新和提升组织效率提供了扎实的技术支持。

Using SharePoint Designer to Carry Out Common Tasks 5

necessary customizations of a SharePoint site by using a browser; 15 percent require the

use of SharePoint Designer, and 10 percent require a developer who is skilled in Visual

Studio 2010

Whether you are an administrator, a developer, or an information worker, some of the

most compelling uses of SharePoint Designer are as follows:

 Using the Data View and Data Form Web Parts to create data-driven solu-

tions based on eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and eXtensible Stylesheet

Language Transformations (XSLT) technologies, including creating custom views

of data from external systems exposed by Business Connectivity Services (BCS) If

you need to use either of these Web Parts on multiple sites, you can export and

import the Web Parts or make them part of the Web Part gallery This lets you

produce maintainable solutions, where you store the XSLT in a central document

library and point these Web Parts to it You can then centrally manage changes to

the Web Parts you create without visiting every site that uses them

 Connecting to other data source connections, such as XML Web services, data-

bases, and lists and libraries on other SharePoint sites, including the use of external

content types (ECT) and external lists

 Using Web Part connections to pass data from a Web Part on one page to one or

more Web Parts on another page With Web Part connections, you can manage the

data displayed on a page in a dynamic and interesting way Using a Web browser,

you can connect only Web Parts that are placed on the same page

 Creating workows for lists or libraries, a content type, or a site by using the built-

in workow editor—complemented by business workow diagrams produced with

Microsoft Visio 2010 and without having to write server-side code These workows

can be exported and given to a developer with Visual Studio skills

 Creating solutions to meet the needs of specic business processes or sets of tasks

in your organization, and then reusing them as a basis for future SharePoint sites

 Prototyping a solution to justify business expenditure Before submitting a proposal

or requesting additional resources, you can quickly create solutions with SharePoint

Designer to gather requirements and verify the business process the solution must

meet You may need to export your solution and involve a developer or an admin-

istrator so that the nal solution is easily deployed and managed When you start

to develop a solution using SharePoint Designer, your intention might be to create

a solution that will be used immediately However, as you work with the business,

the solution might become more complex or the business might not be able to

6 Chapter 1 Exploring SharePoint Designer 2010

answer all of your questions, so it turns out that the solution cannot be used imme-

diately Essentially, you’ll nd that you are using SharePoint Designer as a prototyp-

ing tool Another example of when you will discover that you are using SharePoint

Designer as a prototyping tool is when you have customized a site and then you

receive requests to repeat the customization again and again on other SharePoint

sites In this situation, you need to devise a solution that does not distract you from

your other tasks

 Performing one-off site customizations

At this early stage of the book, do not to worry if this list means little to you By the end

of the book, you will understand what each item means and should review this list of

common tasks that you can accomplish using SharePoint Designer

UnderstandingWhat’sNewin

SharePointDesigner2010

SharePoint Designer has historically been a very powerful and useful tool SharePoint

Designer’s modications can have long-lasting implications, and the previous ver-

sion of SharePoint Designer did not make this obvious to an untrained user, nor did

it provide an easy method of controlling the level of modications users could make

with SharePoint Designer Therefore, some organizations restricted the installation of

SharePoint Designer to all but a few trained business users

Microsoft has addressed this limitation by implementing a safe-by-default approach Site

denition pages can be customized (unghosted) only when a page is in advanced edit

mode Also, you can limit what users can or cannot do with SharePoint Designer at the

Web-application or site-collection level by using the browser

SeeAlso Chapter 2, “Working with SharePoint Sites,” for more information on how site

collection administrators can control the use of SharePoint Designer, and Appendix C on page

503 for a list of steps that SharePoint farm administrators can use to restrict the use of SharePoint

Designer at the Web-application level.

Other new features in SharePoint Designer 2010 are:

 User interface (UI) The SharePoint Designer user interface (UI) is redesigned and

uses the Ofce Fluent UI, which was designed to make it easier for users to use

and nd features within a product It incorporates the ribbon and Backstage view,

which can be accessed from the File tab

Understanding What’s New in SharePoint Designer 2010 7

 Easier management of SharePoint components The new Navigation pane,

which replaces the Folder List task pane in SharePoint Designer 2007, focuses on

SharePoint artifacts and not where the artifacts are stored You can now manipu-

late major SharePoint components—such as content types, site columns, and exter-

nal lists—and modify site and list permissions natively within SharePoint Designer

Using SharePoint Designer to manipulate SharePoint components is now much

faster and more efcient than using a Web browser to complete similar tasks

 New tools to help users create better composites (solutions) Two areas of tool

improvement are:

 Workows The challenge in implementing a new workow is that the person

who creates the workow is usually not the one who denes the require-

ments SharePoint 2010 addresses this challenge by allowing people to cre-

ate workows in Visio 2010 and export them into SharePoint Designer 2010,

where business logic and additional rules are added Workows developed in

SharePoint Designer can be exported from one SharePoint site and imported

into another, as well as into Visual Studio 2010 This enables development and

testing of the SharePoint Designer custom workow to take place in a trusted

environment before deployment to the production system In the previous

version of SharePoint, this was available only with workows created using

Visual Studio More information on workows can be found in Chapter 8,

“Understanding Workows,” and Chapter 9, “Using Reusable Workows and

Workow Forms”

 Business Connectivity Services (BCS) Originally called the Business Data

Catalog, BCS is now available in the base product, Microsoft SharePoint

Foundation 2010 SharePoint Designer is the major tool for information work-

ers and business analysts to dene how to access external systems and create

dashboards and composite applications based on data from the external sys-

tems The BCS is detailed in Chapter 7, “Using Business Connectivity Services”

 Performance and stability improvements Until the release of Service Pack 2,

SharePoint Designer 2007 had major performance and stability issues Some users

also complained about the code SharePoint Designer 2007 generated Microsoft

has invested heavily in this area

A number of SharePoint Designer 2007 features are removed from SharePoint Designer

2010 Many of these features are not relevant to SharePoint sites, and since SharePoint

Designer 2010 can be used only with SharePoint 2010 sites, they served no purpose The

features removed include:

8 Chapter 1 Exploring SharePoint Designer 2010

 Contributor settings Microsoft received feedback that this feature was too com-

plicated and rarely used Restrictions are now controlled using permissions, the

safe-by-default editing mode, and the conguration at the Web-application and

site-collection level as described earlier in this section

 Database-related features This includes the Database Interface Wizard that cre-

ates new database-driven Web sites, the database results Web component (also

known as a WebBot), and the Database tab of the Site Settings dialog box, which

on a SharePoint site displayed the message “Database properties cannot be used

with this Web site”

 Layout tables CSS layout features have replaced the layout tables feature If any of

your upgraded SharePoint sites contains a layout table, SharePoint Designer 2010

displays the layout table functions correctly; however, you will not be able to install

any new layout tables

 Publish, backup, and restore of Web sites; import and export of Web packages

(.fwp), and FTP client Many of these features were useful on non-SharePoint sites

and have been removed Expression Web is the tool to use for these features Also,

SharePoint Designer is not a server administrator’s tool The Central Administration

Web site should be used to complete comparable tasks for SharePoint sites

Tip To package and deploy SharePoint solutions, save a site as a template or use a solutions

le. You can nd more information on solutions at http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Search/

en-us?query=sharepoint+2010+solutions. There is a 20 minute learning snack on developing

solutions with Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 at www.microsoft.com/learning/en/us/

training/format-learning-snacks.aspx#SP10.



The Reports, Navigation, and Hyperlinks options available on the Sites menu

and at the bottom of the Web Site tab The error checking features in SharePoint

Designer 2010 let you check for broken links, unused pages, cascading style sheets

usage, and master page usage

SeeAlso More information on changes to SharePoint Designer 2010 can be found at http://

technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc179083(ofce.14).aspx.

CreatingSiteswithSharePointDesigner

Usually, the rst task when you build a solution is to create a site When you create a

site with SharePoint, you can choose from a number of site templates that incorporate

pages, Web Parts, and other features that allow you to organize information, manage

documents, and create workows to support your business environment

Creating Sites with SharePoint Designer 9

SharePoint Foundation 2010 has 10 built-in site templates SharePoint Server includes

these 10 site templates plus a number of other site templates These templates form a

good basis on which to create almost any SharePoint site You should familiarize yourself

with the features that sites created from these templates offer so that you know which to

use as a blueprint

When you create a SharePoint site from one of the built-in site templates, you refer to

pages and les stored on each Web server The pages and les are stored in a subfolder,

named TEMPLATE, in the root directory, which in a default installation is C:\Program

Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\web server extensions\14 When you create a

SharePoint site, no les or pages are created Instead, entries are created in tables in the

SQL Server content databases that point to les in the TEMPLATE folder The les in the

TEMPLATE folder on the Web server are known as site denitions. Site denition les are

cached in memory on the server at process startup As a result, when you request a page

that points to one of the site denitions les, it is retrieved from the server’s memory

Therefore, a relatively small set of les can support a large number of SharePoint sites

with many pages, resulting in improved performance

To open a SharePoint site with your browser, you type the address of your site, known

as a URL—for example, http://wideworldimporters/Human_Resources or http://intranet.

wideworldimporters.com/sites/teams/IT The rst portion of the URL, such as http://wide-

worldimporters or http://intranet.wideworldimporters.com, is known as the Web applica-

tion A Web application can consist of one or more site collections; each site collection

always has one top-level site and, optionally, one or more subsites, also called child sites

This hierarchy resembles the hierarchy of folders in le systems in that it is a treelike struc-

ture Using the example mentioned earlier, http://wideworldimporters is the top-level site

of a site collection and Human_Resources is a subsite of the http://wideworldimporters site

collection

In this exercise, you create a subsite by using the Team Site template

SETUP You need the URL of a SharePoint site where you can create the new team

site as a subsite. It is recommended that you do not complete the book’s exercises

on a production site. You should ideally have your own practice site collection. If in

doubt, check with your SharePoint administrator.

1. On the taskbar, click the Start button, point to AllPrograms, click SharePoint,

and then click MicrosoftSharePointDesigner2010

The SharePoint Designer window opens, displaying Backstage view

Start

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