WLAN中IEEE 802.11 PCF MAC协议的节能评估

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"基于WLAN的IEEE 802.11 PCF MAC协议的节能分析" 本文是一篇研究论文，探讨了在无线局域网（WLAN）环境中，使用IEEE 802.11 Point Coordination Function (PCF)介质访问控制（MAC）协议的节能特性。IEEE 802.11 PCF是一种集中式访问控制机制，旨在提高网络效率和公平性，但其对设备电池寿命的影响是必须考虑的关键因素，特别是在物联网(IoT)和移动设备日益普及的时代。在无线网络中，能量消耗是设备续航时间的关键决定因素。PCF MAC协议通过一个称为Point Coordinator (PC)的设备来管理网络中的数据传输，以协调多个设备的访问，防止冲突。然而，这种集中式的操作方式可能导致某些设备长时间处于活跃状态，从而增加能量消耗。论文可能深入分析了PCF的工作原理，包括轮询过程、信道接入和数据传输阶段的能量消耗。作者可能比较了PCF与其他MAC协议（如分布式协调功能DCF）在节能方面的性能，并讨论了在不同网络负载和拓扑结构下的表现。此外，文章可能提出了优化策略或改进方案，以减少不必要的能量浪费，例如，改进的轮询算法、低功耗模式切换或者更有效的休眠策略。论文还可能涉及了实际测试和仿真结果，以验证提出的节能分析和优化措施的有效性。通过这些实验，作者可能量化了节能改进的具体效果，比如延长了多少设备的电池寿命，以及在网络性能（如延迟和吞吐量）方面是否有所妥协。最后，论文可能讨论了未来的研究方向，可能包括探索更先进的节能技术，如动态功率调整、睡眠模式优化，或者结合其他协议（如IEEE 802.11ax，也称为Wi-Fi 6）的特性，进一步提升WLAN的能效。请注意，由于提供的内容仅包含论文的一部分引用信息，具体的技术细节、分析结果和结论需要查看完整的论文才能获取。通常，这类研究会详细阐述节能分析的过程，提供数学模型，以及可能实施的节能策略，对于理解IEEE 802.11 PCF在WLAN环境中的能量效率有重要价值。

Vol.:(0123456789)

1 3

Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-018-0684-8

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Energy-eﬃcient analysis ofanIEEE 802.11 PCF MAC protocol based

onWLAN

GuanZheng

· YangZhi‑Jun

1,2

· HeMin

· QianWen‑Hua

Received: 24 July 2017 / Accepted: 12 January 2018

Abstract

The point coordination function (PCF) of the IEEE 802.11 standard represents a well-known medium access control (MAC)

protocol providing quality-of-service guarantees in wireless local area networks (WLANs). However, few papers theoretically

analyze energy eﬃciency. This paper presents a Parallel Gated Poll (PGP) access mechanism that exploits the PCF deﬁned

in the IEEE 802.11. The basic idea is, during the contention free period, idle stations can save energy by turning into sleep

and active stations exchange data packet under a gated service polling scheme to improve the energy eﬃciency. Besides,

the mean cycle analysis model is setup to evaluate the energy eﬃciency of a typically PCF protocol and PGP protocol. By

applying the classic 1-limited and parallel gated polling model, the closed expressions of energy eﬃciency of PCF and PGP

are formulated respectively. Simulations show that our analytical results are very accurate with the simulation results. Both

analytical and simulation results show the high energy eﬃciency of PGP.

Keywords IEEE 802.11· Point coordination function· Energy eﬃciency· Theoretical analysis

1 Introduction

The IEEE 802.11 Standard has become ubiquitous and

gained widespread popularity as a media access control

protocol for wireless local area networks and simulcast

WLAN RoF-DSA (Distributed antenna systems using radio-

on-ﬁber) in the recent years (Kamerman etal. 2012; Wu

etal. 2010, Panagiotakis etal. 2015).The point coordination

function (PCF) based on polling and distributed coordina-

tion function (DCF) employing random contention are two

classic channel access mechanisms in IEEE 802.11 stand-

ard. Contention-free protocols as PCF and HCCA (IEEE Std

802.11e 2005) could enable contention free data transmis-

sions between the Access Point (AP) and wireless stations

(STAs), which are potential candidate to guarantee the delay

requirement in IoT or vehicular network (Balador etal. 2016;

Li etal. 2017; Mercian etal. 2016).

By focusing on the WLAN MAC protocol problem, most

of the researches were focused on improving throughput,

delay, fairness or achieving some degree of Quality of Ser-

vice (QoS) in an otherwise best-eﬀort technology (Li etal.

2014; Feng etal. 2013; Chan etal. 2014; Moharir etal.

2017), and fewer papers theoretically analyzes energy eﬃ-

ciency. On the other hand, energy eﬃciency has become a

major design objective recently, due to the wide spread of

portable devices equipped with WLAN interface, such as

smart machines and phones (Ye etal. 2002; Sao and Huang

2011). Polling with Power Management (PM) has become

a very promising technique that can be used in delay sensi-

tive network. However, despite substantial works (Raul etal.

2013, 2015; Satish and Minglu 2016; Angelopoulos etal.

2017), there is still an absence of accurate and scalable mod-

els to study the performance of these polling based schemes.

This motivates us to propose new performance models.

In addition to the power saving features defined in

the IEEE 802.11 Standards, we recall some interesting

approaches proposed in the literature to consider power sav-

ing. One of the remarked survey paper dedicated to WLAN

energy eﬃciency is Wei etal. 2002 which gives detailed

and comprehensive descriptions of the energy consumption

issues and energy-eﬃcient technologies of the MAC proto-

col in IEEE 802.11 WLAN. Sleeping mode with ﬁxed sleep

* Qian Wen-Hua

echo_gg@sina.com

School ofInformation Science andTechnology, Yunnan

University, Kunming650091, China

Educational andScientiﬁc Institute, Educational Department

ofYunnan Province, Kunming650223, China

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