精通LaTeX：wikibooks完整指南

需积分: 21 91 浏览量更新于2024-07-23 收藏 3.96MB PDF 举报

"LaTeX的一本好书" 这本书是关于LaTeX的专业教程，旨在帮助读者无需额外指导即可掌握LaTeX的基本用法。LaTeX是由Wikibooks的贡献者创作的开源内容教科书，遵循GNU Free Documentation License，允许自由复制、分发和修改。书中的内容覆盖了从LaTeX的基础到进阶应用的多个方面。 1. **介绍** 书的开头部分通常会介绍LaTeX的历史、用途以及为何选择LaTeX作为排版工具。它可能会讲解LaTeX与传统字处理软件的区别，强调其在数学公式、科技论文和专业文档排版方面的优势。 2. **绝对初学者** 这一章将引导初学者熟悉LaTeX的工作环境，解释如何安装LaTeX编辑器，并展示如何创建第一个简单的文档。读者将学习如何编写源代码并编译成PDF文档。 3. **基础** 这一部分涵盖了LaTeX的基础语法，包括文本样式控制（如加粗、斜体）、段落和章节的创建，以及插入特殊字符和符号的方法。 4. **文档结构** 讨论文档的基本结构，如文章、报告或书籍的各个部分，包括前言、章节、子章节等。此外，还会介绍如何定义文档类和使用命令来设定页面布局、页眉和页脚。 5. **错误和警告** 这一章将帮助读者理解LaTeX编译时可能出现的错误消息和警告，提供了解决这些问题的策略和实例，以便更好地调试代码。 6. **创建标题** 学习如何创建吸引人的标题和子标题，以及如何自定义它们的格式。书中会有一个实际的例子，演示如何在文档中插入和调整标题。 7. **参考文献管理** 讲解如何使用LaTeX进行引用管理和生成参考文献列表。包括内嵌系统、引用样式以及 BibTeX 和 Natbib 包的使用，这些都是撰写学术论文时必不可少的工具。 8. **表格** 这一部分深入探讨如何创建和控制表格。介绍 `tabular`、`table`、`tabular*` 和 `tabularx` 环境，以及如何添加标题、调整宽度、对齐内容和使用各种复杂的列格式。通过这本书，读者将能够逐步掌握LaTeX，从编写简单的文档到制作包含复杂表格和引用的高级学术论文。LaTeX的灵活性和专业性使其成为科研工作者、工程师和数学家的理想选择，而这本书则为掌握这一强大的排版工具提供了全面的指导。

16 CHAPTER 2. ABSOLUTE BEGINNERS

“whitespace.” An empty line between two lines of text deﬁnes the end of a paragraph.

Several empty lines are treated the same as one empty line. The text below is an

example. On the left hand side is the text from the input ﬁle, and on the right hand

side is the formatted output.

It does not matter whether you

enter one or several spaces

after a word.

An empty line starts a new

paragraph.

It does not matter whether you

enter one or several spaces after

a word.

An empty line starts a new para-

graph.

Special Characters

The following symbols are reserved characters that either have a special meaning under

LaTeX or are unavailable in all the fonts. If you enter them directly in your text, they

will normally not print, but rather make LaTeX do things you did not intend.

# $ % ^ & _ { } ~ \

As you will see, these characters can be used in your documents all the same by

adding a preﬁx backslash:

\# \$ \% \^{} \& \_ \{ \} \textbackslash

The other symbols and many more can be printed with special commands in math-

ematical formulae or as accents. The backslash character \ can not be entered by

adding another backslash in front of it (\\); this sequence is used for line breaking.

For introducing a backslash in math mode, you can use \backslash instead.

If you want to insert text that might contain several particular symbols (such as

URIs), you can consider using the \verb command, that will be discussed later in this

book.

LaTeX Commands

LaTeX commands are case sensitive, and take one of the following two formats:

• They start with a backslash \ and then have a name consisting of letters only.

Command names are terminated by a space, a number or any other “non-letter”.

• They consist of a backslash \ and exactly one non-letter.

Some commands need a parameter, which has to be given between curly braces

{ } after the command name. Some commands support optional parameters, which

are added after the command name in square brackets [ ]. The general syntax is:

\commandname[option1,option2,...]{argument1}{argument2}...

18 CHAPTER 2. ABSOLUTE BEGINNERS

\end{document}

command, which tells LaTeX to call it a day. Anything that follows this command

will be ignored by LaTeX. The area between \documentclass and \begin{document}

is called the preamble.

A Typical Command Line Session

LaTeX itself does not have a GUI (graphical user interface), since it is just a program

that crunches away at your input ﬁles, and produces either a DVI or PDF ﬁle. Some

LaTeX installations feature a graphical front-end where you can click LaTeX into

compiling your input ﬁle. On other systems there might be some typing involved,

so here is how to coax LaTeX into compiling your input ﬁle on a text based system.

Please note: this description assumes that a working LaTeX installation already sits

on your computer.

1. Edit/Create your LaTeX input ﬁle. This ﬁle must be plain ASCII text. On Unix

all the editors will create just that. On Windows you might want to make sure

that you save the ﬁle in ASCII or Plain Text format. When picking a name for

your ﬁle, make sure it bears a .tex extension.

2. Run LaTeX on your input ﬁle. If successful you will end up with a .dvi ﬁle. It

may be necessary to run LaTeX several times to get the table of contents and

all internal references right. When your input ﬁle has a bug LaTeX will tell you

about it and stop processing your input ﬁle.

Type ctrl-D to get back to the command line.

latex foo.tex

Now you may view the DVI ﬁle. On Unix with X11 you can type xdvi foo.dvi,

on Windows you can use a program called yap (yet another previewer).

You can run a similar procedure with pdflatex to produce a PDF document from

the original tex source. Similar to above, type the commands:

pdflatex foo.tex

Now you may view the PDF ﬁle, foo.pdf.

Our ﬁrst document

Now we can create our ﬁrst document. We will produce the absolute bare minimum

that is needed in order to get some output, the well known Hello World! approach

will be suitable here.

• Open your favourite text-editor. If you use vim or emacs, they also have syntax

highlighting that will help to write your ﬁles.

• Reproduce the following text in your editor. This is the LaTeX source.

20 CHAPTER 2. ABSOLUTE BEGINNERS

1. Type the command: latex hello (the .tex extension is not required, although

you can include it if you wish)

2. Various bits of info about LaTeX and its progress will be displayed. If all went

well, the last two lines displayed in the console will be:

Output written on hello.dvi (1 page, 232 bytes).

Transcript written on hello.log.

This means that your source ﬁle has been processed and the resulting document is

called hello.dvi, which takes up 1 page and 232 bytes of space. This way you created

the DVI ﬁle, but with the same source ﬁle you can create a PDF document. The steps

are exactly the same as before, but you have to replace the command latex with

pdflatex:

1. Type the command: pdflatex hello (as before, the .tex extension is not re-

quired)

2. Various bits of info about LaTeX and its progress will be displayed. If all went

well, the last two lines displayed in the console will be:

Output written on hello.pdf (1 page, 5548 bytes).

Transcript written on hello.log.

you can notice that the PDF document is bigger than the DVI, even if it contains

exactly the same information. The main diﬀerences between the DVI and PDF formats

are:

• DVI needs less disk space and it is faster to create. It does not include the

fonts within the document, so if you want the document to be viewed properly

on another computer, there must be all the necessary fonts installed. It does not

support any interactivity such as hyperlinks or animated images. DVI viewers

are not very common, so you can consider using it for previewing your document

while typesetting.

• PDF needs more disk space and it is slower to create, but it includes all the

necessary fonts within the document, so you will not have any problem of porta-

bility. It supports internal and external hyperlinks. Nowadays it is the de facto

standard for sharing and publishing documents, so you can consider using it for

the ﬁnal version of your document.

About now, you saw you can create both DVI and PDF document from the same

source. This is true, but it gets a bit more complicated if you want to introduce images

or links. This will be explained in detail in the next chapters, about now assume you

can compile in both DVI and PDF without any problem.

Note, in this instance, due to the simplicity of the ﬁle, you only need to run the

LaTeX command once. However, if you begin to create complex documents, including

bibliographies and cross-references, etc, LaTeX needs to be executed multiple times to

resolve the references. But this will be discussed in the future when it comes up.

剩余309页未读，继续阅读

xmdxlz

粉丝: 0
资源: 2

精通LaTeX：wikibooks完整指南

LaTeX经典书籍

一些有用的latex书

LaTeX 入门精品—含有latex经典书（都是经典哦）

Digital Typography Using LaTeX

LaTex2e用户手册

A Guide to LaTeX 4th

Latex快速入门,cntex 论坛经典之作

Latex A document preparation system (1994 2nd).pdf

【51 单片机】4 位密码锁（断电保存）

冬奥会科普平台 JAVA毕业设计 源码+数据库+论文 Vue.js+SpringBoot+MySQL.zip

最新资源

冬奥会科普平台 JAVA毕业设计源码+数据库+论文 Vue.js+SpringBoot+MySQL.zip