lua编程教程：第二版全面指南

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"《Programming in Lua》是一本由Roberto Ierusalimschy所著的英文版编程指南，第二版于2006年更新。该书主要针对Lua语言进行深入讲解，适合对Lua编程感兴趣的读者学习。书中详细介绍了Lua语言的基础知识、语法特性、模块系统、函数与元表等核心概念，以及高级主题如错误处理、调试和并发编程。作为一本可编辑的PDF版本，它提供了丰富的实践案例和理论阐述，旨在帮助读者掌握这门轻量级脚本语言。作者Samuel El-Borai持有本书的版权，强调了所有权利受到保护，并鼓励读者联系roberto@lua.org获取更多信息或反馈。封面和插图由Dimaquina负责，而Lua徽标的设计师是Alexandre Nako。本书采用LaTeX排版，确保了内容的专业性和易读性。尽管作者努力确保信息准确，但书中可能存在误差或遗漏，使用时需自行承担可能产生的风险。此外，书中提及的所有产品名称均为其各自所有者的商标。此书在CIP-Biblioteca do Departamento de Informática, PUC-Rio图书馆进行了版权登记，编号为Ierusalimschy, Roberto – I22。《Programming in Lua》是一本全面且实用的Lua教程，不仅适合初学者入门，也是进阶开发者提升Lua技能的重要参考资料。通过阅读和实践书中的内容，读者将能够更好地理解和利用Lua在各种应用领域，如游戏开发、嵌入式系统和Web开发中的优势。"

tend to think of Lua as a language speciﬁcally designed for the Web; players of

a speciﬁc game may regard Lua as a language exclusive to that game.

Lua is useful also as a stand-alone language, not only for text-processing

and one-shot little programs, but increasingly for medium-to-large projects, too.

For such uses, the main functionality of Lua comes from libraries. The stan-

dard libraries offer pattern matching and other functions for string handling.

(We may regard the stand-alone language as the embedding of Lua into the

domain of string and text-ﬁle manipulation.) As Lua improves its support for li-

braries, there has been a proliferation of external packages. The Kepler project

(http://www.keplerproject.org), for instance, is a Web development platform

for Lua that offers packages for page generation, database access, LDAP, XML,

and SOAP. The LuaForge site (http://www.luaforge.net) offers a focal point

for many Lua packages.

Finally, there are those programmers that work on the other side of the

bench, writing applications that use Lua as a C library. Those people will

program more in C than in Lua, although they need a good understanding of

Lua to create interfaces that are simple, easy to use, and well integrated with

the language.

This book has much to offer to all these people. The ﬁrst part covers the

language itself, showing how we can explore all its potential. We focus on

different language constructs and use numerous examples to show how to use

them for practical tasks. Some chapters in this part cover basic concepts, such

as control structures, but there are also advanced topics, such as iterators and

coroutines.

The second part is entirely devoted to tables, the sole data structure in Lua.

Its chapters discuss data structures, persistence, packages, and object-oriented

programming. There we will unveil the real power of the language.

The third part presents the standard libraries. This part is particularly

useful for those that use Lua as a stand-alone language, although many other

applications also incorporate all or part of the standard libraries. This part

devotes one chapter to each standard library: the mathematical library, the table

library, the string library, the I/O library, the operating system library, and the

debug library.

Finally, the last part of the book covers the API between Lua and C, for those

that use C to get the full power of Lua. This part necessarily has a ﬂavor quite

different from the rest of the book. There we will be programming in C, not

in Lua; therefore, we will be wearing a different hat. For some readers, the

discussion of the C API may be of marginal interest; for others, it may be the

most relevant part of this book.

About the Second Edition

This book is an updated and expanded version of the ﬁrst edition of Program-

ming in Lua (also known as the PiL book). Although the book structure is virtu-

ally the same, this new edition has substantial new material.

Property of Samuel El-Borai <georgesleyetidoux@gmail.com>

xvi Preface

First, I have updated the whole book to Lua 5.1. Of particular relevance is

the chapter about modules and packages, which was mostly rewritten. I also

rewrote several examples to show how to beneﬁt from the new features offered

by Lua 5.1. Nevertheless, I clearly marked features absent from Lua 5.0, so you

can use the book for that version too.

Second, there are several new examples. These examples cover graph rep-

resentation, tab expansion and compression, an implementation for tuples, and

more.

Third, there are two complete new chapters. One is about how to use multiple

states and multiple threads from C; it includes a nice example of how to imple-

ment a multi-process facility for Lua. The other is about memory management

and how to interact with memory allocation and garbage collection.

After the release of the ﬁrst edition of Programming in Lua, several publish-

ers contacted us showing interest in a second edition. In the end, however, we

decided to self publish this second edition, as we did with the ﬁrst one. Despite

the limited marketing, this avenue brings several beneﬁts: we have total con-

trol over the book contents, we have freedom to choose when to release another

edition, we can ensure that the book does not go out of print, and we keep the

full rights to offer the book in other forms.

Other Resources

The reference manual is a must for anyone who wants to really learn a language.

This book does not replace the Lua reference manual. Quite the opposite, they

complement each other. The manual only describes Lua. It shows neither

examples nor a rationale for the constructs of the language. On the other hand,

it describes the whole language; this book skips over seldom-used dark corners of

Lua. Moreover, the manual is the authoritative document about Lua. Wherever

this book disagrees with the manual, trust the manual. To get the manual and

more information about Lua, visit the Lua site at http://www.lua.org.

You can also ﬁnd useful information at the Lua users site, kept by the

community of users at http://lua-users.org. Among other resources, it offers

a tutorial, a list of third-party packages and documentation, and an archive of

the ofﬁcial Lua mailing list. You should check also the book’s web page:

http://www.inf.puc-rio.br/~roberto/pil2/

There you can ﬁnd updated errata, code for some of the examples presented in

the book, and some extra material.

This book describes Lua 5.1, although most of its contents also apply to

Lua 5.0. The few differences between Lua 5.1 and Lua 5.0 are clearly marked in

the text. If you are using a more recent version, check the corresponding manual

for occasional differences between versions. If you are using a version older than

5.0, this is a good time to upgrade.

Property of Samuel El-Borai <georgesleyetidoux@gmail.com>

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