第 卷 第 期 煤炭科学技术 Vol. No.
年 月 Coal science and Technology June
1
房式采空区下近距离煤层开采支架支护阻力研究
许猛堂
1
,徐佑林
1
,金志远
1
(1.贵州理工学院,矿业工程学院,贵州贵阳,550003)
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51764010,51874109);安全生产重大事故防治关键技术科技项目(guizhou-0004-2017AQ);
贵州省科学技术基金资助项目(黔科合基础[2020]1Y215)
作者简介:许猛堂(1986—),男,汉族,江苏连云港人,博士,副教授,从事矿山压力与岩层控制方面的研究。Tel:0851-88211029,
E-mail:xmtcumt@126.com
摘 要:为研究房式采空区下近距离煤层开采支架合理支护阻力,基于石圪台煤矿实际地质条件,构建了房式采空区下关键层
初次破断与周期性破断力学模型,得到了初次来压和周期来压步距表达式,并构建了对应的“支架-围岩”相互作用力学模型,
获得了支架工作阻力的计算式。研究结果表明:房式采空区下煤层开采关键层破断步距主要特点有 2 个:①关键层初次破断及
周期性破断步距与上覆留设煤柱应力集中程度密切相关;②破断步距大小受关键层前次破断位置影响较大。理论计算 31201 综
采工作面关键层初次来压步距为 40.1 m,前三次周期来压步距分别为 20.4 m,18.9 m,20.8 m。与均布载荷条件下相比,房式采
空区下支架支护阻力的主要影响因素有 2 个:①关键层受上覆岩层集中力的位置;②关键层初次破断结构形态。理论计算获得
该工作面初次来压和前三次周期来压合理工作阻力分别为 17372 kN、11722 kN、15252 kN、15206 kN。结合工程实例,验证了
理论推导的合理性,研究成果为房式采空区下近距离煤层开采液压支架选型提供了指导。
关键词:房式采空区; 近距离煤层; 破断步距; 应力集中; 支架工作阻力
中图分类号: 文献标识码:A
Research on support resistance of close distance coal seam mining under
room-and-pillar gob
Xu Mengtang
1
,Xu Youlin
1
, Jin Zhiyuan
1
(1. Guizhou Institute of Technology
,
Institute of Mining Engineering, Guiyang,550003)
Abstract: In order to analyze the reasonable support resistance of close distance coal seam mining under room-and-pillar gob, based on
the actual geological conditions of Shigetai Coal Mine, the mechanical models of primary and periodic breakage of key layers under
room-and-pillar gob are constructed to obtain the initial and periodic weighting intervals, and the corresponding "support-rock"
interaction mechanical models are constructed to calculate the working resistance of the support. The studies show that there are two main
features of the key strata breaking step under room-and-pillar gob mining :① The first break and periodic break step of the key layer are
closely related to the stress concentration degree of the coal pillars overlying; ② The break step size is greatly affected by the previous
break position of the key layer. The theoretical calculation is that the initial striking step of the key stratum of the 31201 fully mechanized
coal mining face is 40.1 m, and the first three periodic break steps is 20.4 m, 18.9 m, and 20.8 m. Compared with the uniform load
condition, there are two main influencing factors for the determination of the support resistance under room-and-pillar gob mining: ①
The location of the concentrated force of the overlying rock layer on the key layer; ② The structural form of the first break of the key
layer. The theoretical calculations show that the reasonable working resistances during the first weighting and the first three periodic
weighting are 17372 kN, 11722 kN, 15252 kN and 15206 kN. The rationality of the theoretical derivation is verified by engineering
example,and the research results could provide guidance to analyze the support resistance of close distance coal seam mining under
room-and-pillar gob.
Key words: room-and-pillar gob; close distance coal seam; breaking step; stress concentration; working resistance of support
0 引 言
我国西部矿区在开采初期多采用房式开采,随着
开采规模的不断增大,下煤层普遍进行长壁工作面开
采,上覆煤层采空区遗留的大量残余煤柱将形成应力
集中区域,改变了下煤层顶板应力环境,由此带来的
近距离煤层开采安全隐患问题显得尤为突出。
国内众多学者对房式采空区下近距离煤层开采
进行了大量的研究,主要包括矿山压力显现、留设煤
柱稳定性以及支架工作阻力等方面。矿山压力显现方
面,屠世浩
[1-2]
对房柱式采空区下煤层开采引起覆岩
与地表移动变形规律、压架机理以及上层煤柱下综放
沿空回采巷道矿压规律研究进行了分析,并有针对性
地提出了预防措施;解兴智
[3-5]
综合运用理论分析、
现场实测和数值模拟等方法,得到了房柱式采空区留
设煤柱对下煤层开采顶板稳定性及矿山压力显现的
影响规律。留设煤柱失稳方面,王方田
[6-7]
利用尖点
突变理论建立了煤柱稳定性力学模型,并获得了遗留
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