北京大业学挝
((1
然科学版)第
51
卷
第
4
期
2015
年
7
月
Acta Scicntiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,
Vo
l.
51
,
No
, 4 (J
uly
2015)
doi:
1O,
13209/j,0479-8023,2015 ,004
温室气体变化数值模拟试验中全球降水
和温度变化的迟滞效应
孙道勋杨海军
f
北京大学气候与海气实验室,北京大学物理学院大气与海洋科学系,北京
100871
;
T
通信作者,
E-mai
l:
hjyang@pku.edu.cn
摘要
利用捐合气候模式
(GFDL-CM2
,
1)
研究变动气候背景下全球平均降水和温度的变化
C
不同情景
CO
2
强
迫试验表明,阵水变化存在明显的迟滞效应。全球平均降水与地表温度的变化存在显著的线性关系,但是降
水同时也受到
CO
2
浓度的直接影响。在
CO
2
增加又恢复的试验中,降水变化滞后于地表温度变化,出现降水
u
迟滞效应"。在
CO
2
增加过程中,温室效应增强会立即导致大气长波吸收增强,大气获得的净辐射能量增
加,为维持大气能量收支平衡,地面向上潜热通量受到抑制,形成
CO
2
增加对降水的抑制效应。随之而来的
温度上升则主要引起大气层顶出射长波辐射以及大气对地表的长波回辐射增加,大气净辐射能量减少,地面
潜热通量增加,从而引起降水的增加。在
CO
2
减少过程中,情况正好相反‘温室效应减弱会增加降水,而温
度降低会减少降水。温度和
CO
2
对降水的不同影响决定了降水的迟滞效应。
关键词
搞合模式;温室效应;变动气候,降水;迟滞效应
中图分类号
P4
61
Hysteresis Effect
in
the
Temperature
and
Precipitation
Changes
in
Numerical
Simulation with
Varying
Greenhouse
Gas
SUN
Daoxun
, Y
ANG
Haijun
t
Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere
Studi
巳
s
,
Department
of
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,
Schoo1
of
Physics,
Peking University, Beijing 100871; t Corresponding author, E-mail: hjyang@pku.edu.cn
Abstract
A series
of
numerical simulations are
conducted
(using
GFDL
CM2
,
1)
to investigate the
global
mean
precipitation
and
temperatur
巳
change
in response to climate
variation
, Experiments
und
巳
r
different
carbon
dioxide
(C0
2
) forcing indicate an obvious precipitation
hyst
巳
r
巳
sis
,
Th
巳
re
is a significant
linear
relationship
between
global
mean
precipitation
and
surface temperature,
but
precipitation is also influenced
dir
巳
ctly
by
CO
2
concentration
,
During
the experiments in
which
CO
2
concentration rises
up
and
th
巳
n
falls
back
, precipitation
change
lags
behind
surface temperature,
which
leads to the precipitation hysteresis,
While
CO
2
increasing, the
enhanced
greenhouse
effect
willlead
to
immediate
intension
of
atmospheric
long-wave
absorption,
which
will
bring
net
radiative energy
income
to
atmosphere
,
To
balance
the
巳
nergy
budget
, upward
latent
heat
has to be
restrain
巳
d
,
so the
additional
CO
2
has inhibiting
effect
on
precipitation.
The
subsequent
warming
mainly
induces increasing in outgoing
long
wave
radiation
at
TOA
and
backward
long
wave
radiation at surface,
which
is equivalent to a radiative
cooling
for
atmosphere
,
and
th
巳
n
causes
pr
巳
cipitation
rising.
引
Thile
CO
2
decreasing
,
on
th
巳
contrary
,
the subdued
greenhouse
effect
tends
to
intensify precipitation
and
the
temp
巳
rature
reduction
will
reduce the
pr巳
cipitation.
Differ
巳
nt
effects
on
precipitation from
temperature
and
CO
2
determine
th
巳
precipitation
hysteresis.
Key
words
coupled
model;
greenhouse
gas effect;
varying
climate; precipitation; hysteresis effect
国家自然科学基金
(40976007
,
41176002
,
41376007)
、国家重点基础研究发展计划
(2012CB955201)
和国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项
(GYHY-201006022)
资助
l
投稿日期
2014-04-26
吨修回日期
2014-06-05;
网络山版!'-]
J
到
2015-04-21
763