Elixir进阶实践：构建并发与分布式系统

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"Elixir in Action, 2nd Edition" 是一本关于Elixir编程语言的实战指南，由Saša Juric撰写。这本书的第二版获得了众多业界专家和读者的高度评价，称赞其对Elixir的分布式计算能力、函数式编程理念以及实际应用提供了深入浅出的讲解。本书分为13个章节，涵盖了Elixir语言的基础到高级概念： 1. **第一步骤**：介绍Elixir的初步知识，包括安装环境和编写第一个程序，帮助读者快速入门。 2. **构建块**：深入讨论Elixir的基本语法和数据类型，如原子、列表、元组等，以及模式匹配和管道操作。 3. **控制流**：介绍如何在Elixir中控制程序流程，如条件语句、循环和递归。 4. **数据抽象**：讲解Elixir中的模块、函数和宏，以及如何通过它们创建自定义数据结构和行为。 5. **并发原语**：介绍Elixir的轻量级进程（processes）和消息传递机制，这是Elixir并发编程的核心。 6. **通用服务器进程（Generic Server Processes）**：讲解GenServer的行为模式，它是Elixir并发处理和服务管理的标准库。 7. **构建并发系统**：探讨如何设计和实现高效、安全的并发应用程序。 8. **容错基础**：介绍Elixir中的故障恢复策略，如监督树和错误隔离。 9. **隔离错误效应**：详细阐述如何在系统中优雅地处理错误，保持系统的健壮性。 10. **超越GenServer**：探索更高级的并发模式和工具，如Agent、Supervisor、GenEvent等。 11. **与组件工作**：讨论Elixir与其他技术（如Phoenix框架）集成，以及构建可复用的组件。 12. **构建分布式系统**：介绍Elixir如何利用Erlang虚拟机（BEAM）实现分布式计算，包括节点间通信和分布式数据存储。 13. **运行系统**：讲述部署和监控Elixir应用程序的最佳实践，确保生产环境的稳定运行。此书适合有经验的程序员学习，特别是那些想要了解Elixir语言和函数式编程思维方式的开发者。通过实例和实际项目，读者可以学习到如何利用Elixir的强大功能构建可扩展、容错和并发的系统。同时，书中还强调了Elixir在分布式计算领域的优势，使得它成为构建高可用性和高性能应用的理想选择。

xiv

preface

xiv

Two years after the rst edition was published, Manning and I agreed to start work on

this second edition. This edition isn’t radically different from the rst, but it brings the

book up to date with the latest changes in Elixir and Erlang. The most relevant updates

are in chapters 8, 9, and 10, which have been signicantly reworked to accommodate

the new ways of working with supervisors and process registries.

At this point, Elixir in Action is again fully up to date and teaches you the most recent

idiomatic techniques for building software systems with Elixir. I hope you’ll enjoy reading

the book, learn a lot from it, and have a chance to apply your new knowledge in your work!

xviiixviii

about this book

Who should read this book

This book is a tutorial that will teach you how to build production-ready Elixir-based

systems. It’s not a complete reference on Elixir and Erlang—it doesn’t cover every

nuance of the language or every possible aspect of the underlying Erlang VM. It glosses

over or skips many topics, such as oating-point precision, Unicode specics, le I/O,

unit testing, and more. Although they’re relevant, such topics aren’t this book’s pri-

mary focus, and you can research them yourself when the need arises. Omitting or

dealing quickly with these conventional topics gives us space to treat more interesting

and unusual areas in greater detail. Concurrent programming and the way it helps

bring scalability, fault tolerance, distribution, and availability to systems—these are the

core topics of this book.

Even the techniques that are covered aren’t treated in 100% detail. I’ve omitted some

ne-print nuances for the sake of brevity and focus. My goal is not to provide complete

coverage, but rather to teach you about the underlying principles and how each piece ts

into the bigger picture. After nishing this book, you should nd it simple to research

and understand the remaining details on your own. To give you a push in the right direc-

tion, mentions of and links to further interesting topics appear throughout the book.

Because this book deals with upper-intermediate topics, there are some prerequi-

sites you should meet before reading it. I’ve assumed you’re a professional software

developer with a couple years of experience. The exact technology you’re procient in

isn’t relevant: it can be Java, C#, Ruby, C++, or another general-purpose programming

language. Any experience in development of backend (server-side) systems is welcome.

You don’t need to know anything about Erlang, Elixir, or other concurrent platforms.

In particular, you don’t need to know anything about functional programming. Elixir

is a functional language, and if you come from an OO background, this may scare you

a bit. As a long-time OO programmer, I can sincerely tell you not to worry. The under-

lying functional concepts in Elixir are relatively simple and should be easy to grasp. Of

course, functional programming is signicantly different from whatever you’ve seen in

a typical OO language, and it takes some getting used to. But it’s not rocket science, and

if you’re an experienced developer, you should have no problem understanding these

concepts.

How this book is organized

The book is divided into three parts.

Part 1 introduces the Elixir language, presents and describes its basic building

blocks, and then treats common functional programming idioms in more detail:

¡Chapter 1 provides a high-level overview of Erlang and Elixir and explains why

those technologies are useful and what distinguishes them from other languages

and platforms.

¡Chapter 2 presents the main building blocks of Elixir, such as modules, func-

tions, and the type system.

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