IEEE 802.11s/D12.0：无线Mesh网络标准草案解析

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"802.11s_D12.0 Mesh Networking" 802.11s标准是IEEE为了实现无线自组网（Mesh Networking）而制定的一个草案，它是Wi-Fi Nan和Wi-Fi Aware协议的基础。这个标准的目的是扩展传统Wi-Fi网络的功能，使其能够支持更灵活、自适应且具有自我修复能力的网络结构。在Android O和Android P操作系统中，802.11s是Near-Field Communication (NAN) 功能的重要组成部分。 802.11s的主要特性包括： 1. **Mesh拓扑**：传统的Wi-Fi网络通常基于基础设施模式，其中有一个或多个接入点（AP）。802.11s引入了Mesh拓扑，允许设备之间直接通信，不仅可以通过AP连接，还可以直接与其他设备形成多跳网络，增强了网络的覆盖范围和容错能力。 2. **路由协议**：802.11s定义了一种称为Mesh Path Selection Protocol (MSP) 的路由协议，用于选择数据包在网络中的最佳路径。这种协议考虑了网络的实时状况，如链路质量、带宽和节点间的连接状态，以优化网络性能。 3. **QoS支持**：802.11s对服务质量（QoS）进行了增强，以确保关键应用的数据传输。它采用Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) 和预约机制来确保不同优先级的数据流可以得到适当的带宽分配。 4. **安全性**：802.11s包含对Wi-Fi保护访问（WPA/WPA2）的支持，确保Mesh网络的安全性。这包括加密、身份验证和访问控制，以防止未经授权的访问和数据泄露。 5. **自我修复与可靠性**：Mesh网络的每个节点都可以检测其连接状态，并自动调整路径，以应对链路故障或其他问题。这种自我修复能力提高了网络的可靠性和鲁棒性。 6. **节能**：802.11s还考虑了无线设备的能耗问题，通过智能的休眠模式和节点间通信优化，减少不必要的能量消耗，延长设备的电池寿命。 7. **网络管理**：标准包含了网络管理和配置的机制，如Mesh Peering Management (MPM) 和Mesh Configuration Protocol (MCP)，使设备能够动态加入、离开Mesh网络，以及进行网络配置和维护。 8. **互操作性**：802.11s的目标是确保不同制造商的设备能够在Mesh网络中无缝协作，提高网络的广泛采用和部署。尽管802.11s是草案版本，但其技术已经在许多实际应用中得到采纳，比如物联网(IoT)、智能家居、工业自动化以及偏远地区通信等场景。随着Wi-Fi技术的持续发展，802.11s标准将继续进化，为无线网络提供更加先进和灵活的解决方案。

IEEE P802.11s/D12.0, May 2011

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This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.

A.4.16 QoS hybrid coordination function (HCF) controlled channel access (HCCA) ....... 310

A.4.23 Mesh protocol capabilities ....................................................................................... 310

A.4.23.1 General mesh support .......................................................................... 311

A.4.23.2 HWMP path selection protocol capabilities ........................................ 316

Annex H ...................................................................................................................................................... 345

H.10 SAE test vector ........................................................................................................................ 345

Annex P ....................................................................................................................................................... 347

P.1 General..................................................................................................................................... 347

Annex S ....................................................................................................................................................... 348

S.2 Basic sequences ....................................................................................................................... 348

S.3 EDCA and HCCA sequences .................................................................................................. 348

Annex X ...................................................................................................................................................... 349

X.4 Interworking with external networks and emergency call support.......................................... 349

X.4.4 Access to emergency services in an RSN................................................................ 349

Annex Y ...................................................................................................................................................... 350

Y.1 Clarification of Mesh Data frame format ................................................................................ 350

Y.2 Operational considerations for interworking ........................................................................... 350

Y.2.1 Formation and maintenance of the IEEE 802.1D spanning tree.............................. 350

Y.3 Power save parameters selection ............................................................................................. 350

Y.3.1 General..................................................................................................................... 350

Y.3.2 Selecting the mesh power mode based on traffic load............................................. 351

Y.3.3 Scanning of mesh BSSs ........................................................................................... 351

Y.3.4 Default parameters................................................................................................... 351

Y.3.5 MSDU forwarding in an MBSS containing mesh STAs in light or deep sleep mode...

352

Y.3.6 Synchronization maintenance of mesh STAs in deep sleep mode .......................... 352

Y.4 SIV key wrapping test vector................................................................................................... 352

Y.5 Airtime link metric usage example.......................................................................................... 354

Y.6 Generation of proactive PREPs in proactive PREQ mechanism of HWMP ........................... 354

Y.6.1 General..................................................................................................................... 354

Y.6.2 Additions to forwarding information....................................................................... 354

Y.6.3 Actions when sending data frames as source mesh STA......................................... 355

Y.6.4 Actions on receipt of proactive PREQ..................................................................... 355

Y.6.5 Generation of proactive PREPs ............................................................................... 355

Y.7 Generation of PREQs in proactive RANN mechanism of HWMP ......................................... 355

Y.7.1 General..................................................................................................................... 355

Y.7.2 Additions to forwarding information....................................................................... 356

Y.7.3 Actions when sending data frames as source mesh STA......................................... 356

Y.7.4 Actions on receipt of proactive RANN.................................................................... 356

Y.7.5 Actions on receipt of PREP ..................................................................................... 356

Y.8 Informative references ............................................................................................................. 357

IEEE P802.11s/D12.0, May 2011

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This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.

List of figures

Figure 5-6b—Example MBSS containing mesh STAs, mesh gates, APs, and portals ................................. 10

Figure 5-6c—Example device consisting of mesh STA and AP STA to connect an MBSS and an infrastruc-

ture BSS ......................................................................................................................................................... 11

Figure 5-6d—MAC data transport over an MBSS ........................................................................................ 13

Figure 5-14a—Example using SAE authentication....................................................................................... 17

Figure 6-1—MAC data plane architecture .................................................................................................... 19

Figure 7-4e—Mesh Control field .................................................................................................................. 25

Figure 7-4f—Mesh Flags subfield................................................................................................................. 25

Figure 7-4g—Mesh Address Extension subfield........................................................................................... 26

Figure 7-17c—A-MSDU Subframe structure for Mesh Data........................................................................ 28

Figure 7-18—Management frame format...................................................................................................... 29

Figure 7-36t—Send-Confirm field ................................................................................................................ 38

Figure 7-36u—Anti-Clogging Token field.................................................................................................... 38

Figure 7-36w—Element field ........................................................................................................................ 39

Figure 7-36x—Confirm field......................................................................................................................... 39

Figure 7-36y—Finite Cyclic Group field ...................................................................................................... 39

Figure 7-36v—Scalar field ............................................................................................................................ 39

Figure 7-95o130—Mesh Configuration element format ...............................................................................47

Figure 7-95o131—Mesh Formation Info field .............................................................................................. 50

Figure 7-95o133—Mesh ID element format ................................................................................................. 51

Figure 7-95o132—Mesh Capability field...................................................................................................... 51

Figure 7-95o134—Mesh Link Metric Report element format ...................................................................... 52

Figure 7-95o135—Flags field........................................................................................................................ 52

Figure 7-95o137—Mesh Peering Management element format ................................................................... 53

Figure 7-95o136—Congestion Notification element format......................................................................... 53

Figure 7-95o138—Mesh Channel Switch Parameters element format ......................................................... 54

Figure 7-95o140—Mesh Awake Window element format ........................................................................... 55

Figure 7-95o139—Flags field........................................................................................................................ 55

Figure 7-95o141—Beacon Timing element format....................................................................................... 56

Figure 7-95o142—Report Control field ........................................................................................................ 56

Figure 7-95o143—Beacon Timing Information field ................................................................................... 56

Figure 7-95o144—MCCAOP Setup Request element format ...................................................................... 57

Figure 7-95o145—MCCAOP Reservation field ........................................................................................... 58

Figure 7-95o146—MCCAOP Setup Reply element format.......................................................................... 58

Figure 7-95o147—MCCAOP Advertisement Overview element format ..................................................... 59

Figure 7-95o149—MCCAOP Advertisement element format...................................................................... 60

Figure 7-95o148—Flags field format ............................................................................................................ 60

Figure 7-95o150—MCCAOP Advertisement Element Information field .................................................... 61

Figure 7-95o151—MCCAOP Reservation Report field ............................................................................... 62

Figure 7-95o152—MCCAOP Teardown element format ............................................................................. 62

Figure 7-95o153—GANN element format.................................................................................................... 63

Figure 7-95o154—RANN element format ............................................................................................

........ 63

Figure 7-95o155—Flags field format ............................................................................................................ 64

Figure 7-95o156—PREQ element format ..................................................................................................... 65

Figure 7-95o157—Flags field format ............................................................................................................ 65

Figure 7-95o158—Per Target Flags field format .......................................................................................... 66

Figure 7-95o159—PREP element format...................................................................................................... 67

Figure 7-95o160—Flags field format ............................................................................................................ 67

Figure 7-95o161—PERR element format ..................................................................................................... 68

Figure 7-95o162—Flags field format ............................................................................................................ 69

Figure 7-95o164—Proxy Information field................................................................................................... 70

Figure 7-95o165—Flags subfield .................................................................................................................. 70

IEEE P802.11s/D12.0, May 2011

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This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.

Figure 7-95o163—Proxy Update element format ......................................................................................... 70

Figure 7-95o166—Proxy Update Confirmation element format................................................................... 71

Figure 7-95o167—Authenticated Mesh Peering Exchange element format ................................................. 71

Figure 7-95o168—MIC element format........................................................................................................ 72

Figure 7-100—Channel Switch Announcement frame Action field format.................................................. 73

Figure 7-101h4—Extended Channel Switch Announcement frame Action field format.............................. 74

Figure 8-3a—SAE finite state machine ....................................................................................................... 102

Figure 8-22a—FT key hierarchy at an Authenticator.................................................................................. 114

Figure 9-1—MAC architecture.................................................................................................................... 117

Figure 9-20a—Example MCCAOP reservation with MCCAOP Periodicity equal to 2............................. 122

Figure 9-38—Example addressing for a Mesh Data frame ......................................................................... 136

Figure 11C-1—Logical flowchart of protocol interaction in the mesh peering management framework .. 219

Figure 11C-2—Finite state machine of the MPM protocol ......................................................................... 229

Figure 11C-3—Finite state machine of the AMPE protocol ....................................................................... 240

Figure 11C-4—Illustration of definitions .................................................................................................... 247

Figure 11C-5—An example of mesh power mode usage............................................................................ 298

Figure 11C-6—Mesh power management operation................................................................................... 302

Figure 11C-7—Mesh peer service period.................................................................................................... 304

Figure Y-1—Format of the Mesh Data frame ............................................................................................. 350

IEEE P802.11s/D12.0, May 2011

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This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.

List of tables

Table 7-2—To/From DS combinations in data frames ................................................................................. 20

Table 7-4—QoS Control field ....................................................................................................................... 22

Table 7-6—Ack Policy subfield in QoS Control field of QoS data frames .................................................. 23

Table 7-6g1—Valid values for the Address Extension Mode ....................................................................... 25

Table 7-8—Beacon frame body..................................................................................................................... 31

Table 7-12—Reassociation Request frame body........................................................................................... 32

Table 7-14—Probe Request frame body ....................................................................................................... 32

Table 7-15—Probe Response frame body ..................................................................................................... 32

Table 7-15—Probe Response frame body ..................................................................................................... 33

Table 7-16—Authentication frame body ....................................................................................................... 34

Table 7-17—Presence of fields and information elements in Authentication frames................................... 34

Table 7-19—Action frame body.................................................................................................................... 35

Table 7-22—Reason codes ............................................................................................................................ 36

Table 7-23—Status codes .............................................................................................................................. 37

Table 7-24—Category values ........................................................................................................................ 38

Table 7-26—Element IDs.............................................................................................................................. 40

Table 7-34—AKM suite selectors ................................................................................................................. 43

Table 7-43p—HT Operation element ............................................................................................................ 45

Table 7-43bj1—Active Path Selection Protocol Identifier field values ........................................................ 48

Table 7-43bj2—Active Path Selection Metric Identifier field values ........................................................... 48

Table 7-43bj4—Synchronization Method Identifier field values.................................................................. 49

Table 7-43bj3—Congestion Control Mode Identifier field values................................................................ 49

Table 7-43bj5—Authentication Protocol Identifier field values ...................................................................50

Table 7-43bj6—Mesh Peering Protocol Identifier field values.....................................................................53

Table 7-43bj7—MCCA Reply Code field values.......................................................................................... 59

Table 7-57v24—Self-protected Action field values ...................................................................................... 75

Table 7-57v25—Mesh Peering Open frame Action field format .................................................................. 75

Table 7-57v26—Mesh Peering Confirm frame Action field format ............................................................. 77

Table 7-57v28—Mesh Group Key Inform frame Action field format .......................................................... 79

Table 7-57v27—Mesh Peering Close frame Action field format.................................................................. 79

Table 7-57v29—Mesh Group Key Acknowledge frame Action field format............................................... 80

Table 7-57v30—Mesh Action field values.................................................................................................... 81

Table 7-57v32—HWMP Mesh Path Selection frame Action field format ................................................... 82

Table 7-57v31—Mesh Link Metric Report frame Action field format......................................................... 82

Table 7-57v33—Gate Announcement frame Action field format................................................................. 83

Table 7-57v34—Congestion Control Notification frame Action field format .............................................. 83

Table 7-57v35—MCCA Setup Request frame Action field format .............................................................. 84

Table 7-57v36—MCCA Setup Reply frame Action field format ................................................................. 84

Table 7-57v37—MCCA Advertisement Request frame Action field format................................................ 85

Table 7-57v38—MCCA Advertisement frame Action field format ............................................................. 85

Table 7-57v39—MCCA Teardown frame Action field format..................................................................... 86

Table 7-57v40—TBTT Adjustment Request frame Action field format ...................................................... 86

Table 7-57v41—TBTT Adjustment Response frame Action field format.................................................... 87

Table 7-57v43—Proxy Update frame Action field format............................................................................88

Table 7-57v42—Multihop Action field values.............................................................................................. 88

Table 7-57v44—Proxy Update Confirmation frame Action field format ..................................................... 89

Table 9-13—Valid address field usage for Mesh Data and Multihop Action frames ................................. 135

Table 11-8—Allowed measurement requests.............................................................................................. 207

Table 11C-1—State variables for mesh STAs............................................................................................. 220

Table 11C-2—MPM finite state machine.................................................................................................... 228

IEEE P802.11s/D12.0, May 2011

This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.

Table 11C-3—AMPE finite state machine.................................................................................................. 239

Table 11C-4—Airtime cost constants.......................................................................................................... 245

Table 11C-5—Parameters of the airtime link metric for extensible path selection framework .................. 245

Table 11C-6—Precursor and next hop examples (forward path) ................................................................ 248

Table 11C-7—Precursor and next hop examples (reverse path) ................................................................. 248

Table 11C-8—Parameters of HWMP for extensible path selection framework ......................................... 251

Table 11C-9—Data for creation and update of forwarding information due to PREQ and PREP ............. 255

Table 11C-10—Contents of a PREQ element in Case A ............................................................................ 256

Table 11C-11—Contents of a PREQ element in Case B............................................................................. 257

Table 11C-12—Contents of a PREQ element in Case C............................................................................. 258

Table 11C-13—Contents of a PREQ element in Case D ............................................................................ 259

Table 11C-14—Contents of a PREQ element in Case E1........................................................................... 261

Table 11C-15—Contents of a PREQ element in Case E2........................................................................... 262

Table 11C-16—Contents of a PREQ element in Case E3........................................................................... 263

Table 11C-17—Contents of a PREP element in Case A............................................................................. 266

Table 11C-18—Contents of a PREP element in Case B ............................................................................. 267

Table 11C-19—Contents of a PREP element in Case C ............................................................................. 267

Table 11C-20—Contents of a PREP element in Case D............................................................................. 268

Table 11C-21—Contents of a PERR element in Case A............................................................................. 271

Table 11C-22—Contents of a PERR element in Case B............................................................................. 271

Table 11C-23—Contents of a PERR element in Case C............................................................................. 272

Table 11C-24—Contents of a PERR element in Case D............................................................................. 273

Table 11C-25—Contents of a RANN element in Case A ........................................................................... 275

Table 11C-26—Contents of a RANN element in Case B ........................................................................... 276

Table 11C-27—Contents of a GANN element in Case A ........................................................................... 278

Table 11C-28—Contents of a GANN element in Case B ........................................................................... 279

Table 11C-29—Contents of a PXU element ............................................................................................... 284

Table 11C-30—Contents of a PXUC element............................................................................................. 286

Table 11C-31—Peer-specific mesh power mode definition........................................................................ 298

Table 11C-32—Mesh peer service period triggering with RSPI and EOSP field combinations in peer trigger

frame ............................................................................................................................................................ 305

Table Y-1—Default parameters for mesh STAs that intend to operate in light or deep sleep mode for mesh

peerings........................................................................................................................................................ 352

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