Cognitive Radio : A Method to A
Sharing in LTE-R System
Hongyu Deng, Yiming Wang, Cheng Wu
School of Rail Transportation
Soochow University
Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
20154246018@stu.suda.edu.cn, ymwang@suda.edu.cn, cwu@suda.edu.cn
Abstract—In order to solve the problem of spectrum
in
the LTE-Railway (LTE-R) system, the paper uses Cognitive Radio
(CR) to improve the ability of spectrum sharing on Vehicle-to-
Ground communication. By constructing a novel Cognitive Radio
Network (CRN) in LTE-
, the Cognitive LTE-R eNodeB
(C-eNodeB) can work with Vehicle Gateway (VG) and allocate idle
and wasted spectrum resources to the passengers communicating
devices to improve spectrum utilization of LTE-R, without
impacting train
ground communication. Aiming at the novel CRN
architecture, a C-eNodeB Queue Management Strategy (QMS)
based on Type of Service (ToS) value priority is proposed to reduce
the Real-Time (RT) service delay of Secondary Users (SU) caused
by FIFO QMS. The simulation results show that the proposed
CRN effectively
improves the spectrum utilization of LTE-R
system and the C-eNodeB QMS based on the ToS value priority
significantly reduce the delay of RT business of passengers.
Keywords: LTE-R; Cognitive Radio Network; Vehicle Gateway;
Type of Service
I.
NTRODUCTION
In recent 20 years, rail transportation has undergone a rapid
development, especially High-Speed Railway (HSR), subway
and tramcar. Researches showed that the United States has
outlined a plan to construct HSR, and China's total HSR mileage
to 2020 will exceed 18,000 km [1]. The control system of current
railway mostly employs the European Train Control System
(ETCS), which is based on GSM, also known as GSM-Railway
(GSM-R)
GSM-R has such limitations as an only
4MHz bandwidth, finite capacity, existing interference with the
public network, and limited support for data services [2,3].
As the current mainstream broadband wireless technology of
communication, LTE has higher data rate and spectral efficiency
[4]. Therefore, LTE is more likely to be the next generation
communication technology for railway, and to deploy to replace
the existing GSM-R in
2020. Meanwhile, in order to meet
more communicating needs of railway, LTE-R may have
20MHz bandwidth. China will complete its first LTE-R network
in 2020 [3]. Besides, LTE-R is also expected to provide Internet
access for passengers on train [5]. In [6], an application of
Automatic Train Operation (ATO) was designed on the basis of
LTE, and the results showed that the LTE satisfied the QoS
requirements of train control traffic. Additionally, the authors
d that although the traffic of train control was small,
but it was still sensitive to delay and jitter. The existing HSR
communication technologies and schemes have been widely
studied
[1,2,3,5,7]. An obvious viewpoint is that LTE is the
most suitable wireless communication technology for next
generation of railway operation.
As a dedicated system, the railway communication has
authorized band, but the data volume of its Downlink (DL)
network is small [6], resulting the spectrum is idle in most of the
time and causing spectrum waste in LTE-R system apparently
[8,9]. The report provided by FCC also suggested
of
the assigned spectrum has insufficient use in time-domain,
frequency-domain or space. Particularly those who have no or
few Primary Users (PU) using in most of the time, often lead to
a severe waste of spectrum [10].
In order to increase the spectrum utilization of LTE-R system
and improve the QoE of passengers on train, CR [11] technology
is
ed to promote eNodeB at the track side to the C-
eNodeB with cognitive ability. This paper assumes that the PUs
are the vehicle devices on train except VG. Each PU receives
application service data, and different
PUs are independent. Secondary Users (SU) are the passengers’
equipment on train, e.g. smart phones, tablets, laptops.
The key contributions of this work include two points: First,
a
novel CRN architecture was constructed to achieve spectrum
sharing between PUs and SUs, so as to improve the spectrum
utilization of LTE-R. Second, aiming at the CRN, we proposed
a ToS value priority
for C-eNodeB to
replace the initial FIFO to reduce the packets delay of RT SUs.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section II,
the system model a
is outlined. LTE-R
CRN architecture and C-eNodeB QMS are described in Section
III. Section IV is the simulation results and analysis and Section
V concludes the paper.
II.
YSTEM MODEL AND PROBLEM FORMULATION
A. Network Architecture and Open Issues of LTE-R
1) Network Architecture of LTE-R
A number of articles have
studied the LTE-R system deeply.
Fig. 1 gives a common network architecture of LTE-R [3,5,7,12].
The data from Train Control Center (TCC) first
LTE-R
eNodeB at the track side via the Service Gateway (SG) and
This work was supported by the National Natural
Science Foundation of
China (No. 61471252).
978-1-5386-3416-5/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE