实战Azure应用开发：构建丰富功能的云就绪解决方案

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"《实用Azure应用开发》是Thurupathan Vijayakumar撰写的一本指导书，通过逐步的方式教你构建功能丰富的云就绪解决方案。本书面向的是Azure应用开发领域，旨在帮助读者理解和掌握如何在Microsoft Azure平台上构建高效、可靠的云应用程序。" 在《Practical Azure Application Development》一书中，作者Thurupathan Vijayakumar深入浅出地介绍了如何利用Azure平台进行实际的软件开发。这本书涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **Azure基础**：介绍Azure的核心概念和服务，包括计算（如虚拟机、容器服务）、存储（Blob、Queue、Table等）、网络服务以及身份管理（Azure Active Directory）。 2. **云计算架构**：讨论云原生设计原则，如微服务架构、无服务器计算（Azure Functions）、持续集成和持续部署（CI/CD）流程。 3. **Azure开发工具**：讲解如何使用Visual Studio、Visual Studio Code和其他开发工具进行Azure应用开发，包括集成Azure服务和调试。 4. **DevOps实践**：阐述DevOps在Azure环境中的实施，包括版本控制、自动化测试、部署策略和监控。 5. **数据服务**：深入探讨Azure的数据库选项，如SQL Database、Cosmos DB以及大数据解决方案（HDInsight、Data Lake）。 6. **安全性与合规性**：解释Azure的安全特性，如安全中心、访问控制、防火墙和加密，以及如何满足合规性要求。 7. **应用服务**：介绍Azure App Service，用于快速构建Web应用和移动后端，以及API管理和应用集成。 8. **物联网(IoT)**：讲解如何使用Azure IoT Hub、IoT Edge和相关服务构建物联网解决方案。 9. **机器学习与人工智能**：介绍Azure Machine Learning服务，包括数据预处理、模型训练、部署和AI服务如Cognitive Services。 10. **成本管理和优化**：教导如何监控和控制Azure资源的花费，使用成本分析工具和预留实例。通过这一步骤式的指南，读者将能够学习到如何规划、设计和实现功能强大的云解决方案，同时了解如何适应和利用Azure的最新特性和服务。这本书不仅适合初学者，也对有经验的开发者提供了有价值的见解和最佳实践，有助于他们在Azure平台上构建出更高效、可扩展的应用程序。

CHAPTER 1 ■ AZURE – A SOLUTIONS DEVELOPMENT PLATFORM

for managing not only the applications but also the data, runtime, middleware, and

operating systems of the infrastructure.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

This model gives the computing resources as services and APIs to build solutions.

Developers use these cloud service components and build custom applications. Users

are free from managing the computing resources, runtime, middleware, and operating

systems. They can focus on the business application development and the problem in

hand. The Azure PaaS offering is the primary focus of this book.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

This model offers ready-made software solutions delivered through the Internet with

the cloud characteristics of scalability, high availability, etc. Any software solution that

is delivered as a service that can be consumed directly by the end user for the business

usage can be categorized into this model.

■ Note Though the mentioned three are the three base service models of any cloud

platform, you can see many derivatives of these service models in the market. Some of

these derivatives include Data as a Service, NoSQL as a Service, Identity as a Service,

Desktop as a Service, and many more.

Also, due to the automation and management aspects of the modern cloud platforms,

you can see those three service models have some degree of characteristics shared and

intersect among themselves as well.

Example – A software as a service application having an API and allowing data storage

acts as a platform as a service model. A platform as a service virtual machine environment

allows remote connections and custom application configurations and acts as infrastructure

as a service as well.

Read more about the PaaS model in Azure from this link. This link also explains how the

three service models are aligned in Azure. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/

overview/what-is-paas/

CHAPTER 1 ■ AZURE – A SOLUTIONS DEVELOPMENT PLATFORM

PaaS Services of Azure

Azure has a number of PaaS services; this book covers the most common services used in

enterprise application development. Following are some of the PaaS services explained in

this book with the help of a simple document management application named DashDocs.

• Azure Web Apps – This is one of the app types available under the

Azure App Services. This is a web server as a service model and

used in hosting web applications. Web applications written on

.NET, Java, NodeJs, and PHP can be deployed in Azure Web Apps.

• Azure SQL Database – SQL database as a service model. This is

the primary and the only relational database as service available

in Azure.

• Azure Blob Storage – Azure-based object store for storing binary

large objects. Also, it serves as the disk storage for the virtual

machines.

• Azure Document DB – Azure-based document type NoSQL

database service. Very handy in developing social applications

that demand modern social features with high throughput and

flexibility.

• Redis on Azure – The known Redis cache on Azure, as a platform

service this eases the usage by eliminating the management and

maintenance overhead.

• Azure Table Storage – Key-attribute type NoSQL database as

a service. Highly scalable and capable of handling immense

amount of data and throughput. Highly cost-effective solution.

• Azure Search – Search as a service on Azure, which has the

capability of indexing varieties of data sources and can be scaled

to greater demands. Simplifies the search development.

• Azure Active Directory (AAD) – Commonly categorized under

identity as a service model. A cloud-based identity management

service. Can be synced with on-premises Active Directory as well.

Facilitates identity management, monitoring, single sign-on, etc.

• Azure Power BI Embedded – In simple words, this is Power BI as

a service with custom application features. Can be integrated into

the custom applications and has rendering-based pricing model.

• Azure Key Vault – Key management store as a service, which

has the capability of Hardware Security Modules (HSM) and

facilitates importing the on-premises key stores to Azure.

• Azure API Management – API Management is a platform tool to

expose, document, and secure APIs while facilitating developers.

This is a comprehensive service in managing all the aspects of

APIs of a business.

CHAPTER 1 ■ AZURE – A SOLUTIONS DEVELOPMENT PLATFORM

Azure Account and Subscriptions

In order to start using Azure or develop solutions using Azure services, first we need an

account in Azure. An Azure account can be acquired by many ways; there are various

options available like trial versions, MSDN subscriptions, BizSpark offers, credit card

purchase models, enterprise agreements, and so on.

Leaving those complexities and various options aside, let’s discuss the typical

purchase model of Azure using the credit card, as it is the common method among

individual developers and SMEs. Regardless of the method how you own an Azure

account, the experience is very much the same.

Go to https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/free/ and sign up for a free Azure

account. This book skips the steps of signing up for a new Azure account, since

documenting the experience is very volatile and the specified link will guide you on the

account creation process.

You would submit an email address during the account creation process at some

point; these credentials you used in the sign-up process will become the credentials

of the Azure account administrator; one Azure account can have only one account

administrator.

An Azure account is a collection of Azure subscriptions, and subscriptions are

the workspace of Azure. Creating an Azure account means that you’re creating your first

Azure subscription within the account.

Account administrator automatically becomes the Service administrator of

a subscription. The account administrator is the person who is authorized to access

Account Center (https://account.windowsazure.com/); Account Center is used to

create and manage subscriptions.

Different subscriptions within an Azure account can have different payment

methods. As an example, if one Azure account has two subscriptions then the first

subscription would have a pay-as-you-go model and the second one would have the fixed

amount limitation for monthly use.

Service administrator can create co-administrators, and co-administrators also

can create other co-administrators. One subscription can have more than one co-

administrator. Co-administrators have full access to the Azure services in the subscription

except the permissions to manage the Azure Active Directory (AAD).

Service administrators and co-administrators are known as Subscription Admins

in the new portal. The explicit difference between a service administrator and a co-

administrator in the scope of a subscription is that the service administrator has the

Global Admin role in AAD and the co-administrator has the User role. So, unless

specifically assigned to a Global Admin role, a co-administrator would not have

permissions to manage AAD.

Refer to this example to understand the subscription administrators and their access

level.

Linda signs up for the Azure account, so she becomes the account administrator and

the service administrator of the subscription 1. Later she creates another subscription

(subscription 2) under the same Azure account. She adds Tim as a co-administrator to

subscriptions 1 and 2. She adds Bob as co-administrator to subscription 2. Figure1-1

shows the eventual administrator role assignments.

CHAPTER 1 ■ AZURE – A SOLUTIONS DEVELOPMENT PLATFORM

Azure Resource Manager and Resource Groups

As mentioned, Azure Resource Manager (ARM) is the new deployment model of Azure.

Azure resources are placed inside resource groups. Resource groups act as the grouping

containers of Azure resources. This grouping allows us to keep the resources of a

solution together within a single resource group and manage the resources as a

solutions package.

Resource groups can be scripted using ARM templates, and these scripts can be

used to automate the deployments and create similar environments. In Chapter 3, ARM

templates are used to create the production environment of the application from the

template generated from the development resource group.

Azure Regions

Azure is a cloud product that runs on massive Microsoft datacenters. These datacenters

are in different geographical regions. Azure is generally available in 30 regions as of the

date of this writing. Read more about the Azure regions from this link: https://azure.

microsoft.com/en-us/regions/

You should select the Azure region for each resource you create, always choosing

the region that is closer to your customers or end users. You can also deploy resources in

multiple regions to cater to customers from different regions and apply load balancing

and traffic routing techniques.

There are occasions that you cannot select the region which is closest to your

customers.

1. One such occasion is where some resources are not available

in all the regions, so you need to select the region where the

resource is available.

2. Organizations have policies to keep their resources within

a specific geographic boundary due to some organizational

and political concerns, so you need to select the appropriate

region to cater to this requirement.

3. In certain special scenarios, organizations opt for special

datacenters. Microsoft has few datacenters that cater to such

special requirements from governments. You can read more

about them from this link: https://www.microsoft.com/en-

us/trustcenter/CloudServices/NationalCloud

Introduction to Azure Portal

Visit https://portal.azure.com and log in with your credentials. You will see the Azure

portal dashboard, similar to the screenshot in Figure1-2.

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