nRF24Z1低成本2.4GHz无线音频流控制器详解

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nRF24Z1是一款由Nordic Semiconductor公司设计的低成本、高性能的2.4GHz无线音频流器，它采用了0.18微米CMOS工艺，紧凑的6x6毫米36引脚QFN封装，旨在满足多种应用需求。这款单芯片解决方案集成了射频收发器，专为音频传输而优化，包括MP3/MiniDisk耳机、音箱、麦克风等设备。主要特性包括： 1. **高速通信**：支持4Mbit/s的无线连接速率，适用于高效的数据传输，如音乐播放、音频流传输以及压缩视频流。 2. **音频处理能力**：内置高质量音频处理器，支持高达96kHz的输入采样率（24位）和48kHz的输出采样率（16位），适合高保真音频播放和录音。 3. **延迟可编程**：提供可配置的延迟功能，适应于音乐演奏、语音识别或多媒体系统的实时性要求。 4. **接口兼容**：具备S/PDIF接口，可以直接连接到PC声卡和环绕接收器，提供无损音质；I2S接口则支持无晶振音频流，方便集成到各种系统中。 5. **数字控制与数据传输**：采用SPI或2线接口，最高数据速率可达12kbps，支持双向数字控制和AUX数据传输，适合与外部设备的简单连接。 6. **压缩选项**：内置2:1压缩功能，可以节省带宽，适用于存储空间有限的情况。 7. **电源管理**：集成有可选的电压调节器，减少对外部元件的需求，简化系统设计。 8. **全球通用频段**：nRF24Z1工作在标准的2.4GHz工业、科学、医学(ISM)频段，确保广泛的地理覆盖范围。 9. **应用场景广泛**：从个人音频设备（如耳机、音箱）、乐器接口到多媒体系统、PC音频流和下载、甚至压缩视频传输，nRF24Z1提供了全面的解决方案。总体来说，nRF24Z1是针对音频和多媒体应用设计的一款高度集成的解决方案，其性能、灵活性和易用性使其成为现代电子设备中无线音频传输的理想选择。通过深入理解和掌握该数据手册，开发人员可以充分利用nRF24Z1的功能来构建高效、高质量的无线音频系统。

PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

nRF24Z1 wireless audio streamer

Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989

Revision: 2.0 Page 13 of 76 April 2005

4.1.5 Direct data input pins

The ATX has 2 general purpose input pins, DD[1:0], that may be transmitted directly to

and hence mirrored on the audio receiver. When SSEL is set high (2-wire interface

selected), one additional direct data pin (DD[2]) is available. If the logic level on pins

DD[2:0] are mirrored (copied) over the control link, pins DO[2:0] on the audio receiver

will carry the mirrored signal.

These pins may hence be used to switch on/off audio receiver peripherals without

microprocessor activity.

4.1.6 Interrupt output

The nRF24Z1 can interrupt the external application through pin IRQ based on a number of

sources such as no audio input detected, loss of RF communication etc.

Once IRQ has triggered external MCU, interrupt status can be read, through the serial

control interface.

4.2 Audio Receiver

When nRF24Z1 is put at the destination side of the RF link, MODE must be low and

nRF24Z1 becomes the audio receiver (ARX). The block schematic of nRF24Z1 in ARX

mode can be seen in Figure 4-3. I2S or S/PDIF are now used for audio or other real time

data output.

PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

nRF24Z1 wireless audio streamer

Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989

Revision: 2.0 Page 15 of 76 April 2005

4.2.2 S/PDIF audio output

For physically more remote audio devices, the audio receiver provides an S/PDIF (full

swing CMOS) output on pin SPDIO. This interface supports 32, 44.1 and 48 kHz, 16 or 24

bit data. It supports both linear and nonlinear audio according to IEC standards, see ch. 7.4

for details.

4.2.3 Master interfaces

A serial EEPROM or FLASH memory may be connected to a SPI or 2-wire master

interface. If a memory is present at any of these interfaces during power up or reset, the

device will read default configuration data from that memory; otherwise hard coded default

values will be used.

During audio receiver configuration, the SPI master (pins MMSCK, MMISO, MMOSI,

MCSN) is operated at 1MHz or 0.5MHz with the SPI format set to CPOL=0,CHPA=0 for

EEPROM/FLASH compatibility. After a link is established, the user may control the SPI

master from the audio transmitter. The available clock speed is up to 8 MHz over the full

operation range of the device.

During start-up, the audio receiver operates the 2-wire master (MSDA, MSCL) interface at

100 kHz. After a link is established, the user may control the 2-wire master from the audio

transmitter to 100kHz, 400kHz or 1MHz.

4.2.4 Serial control (slave) interfaces

When ARX is controlled by an external MCU, configuration and control data for the audio

receiver may be entered via a 2-wire or SPI slave serial interface. The same interface is

used for reading back status information. The register map is identical for both interfaces,

but only one of the interfaces, selected by SSEL pin, may be used in a given application.

The two interfaces are :

SSEL = 0; SPI (pins SCSN, SSCK, SMISO, SMOSI).

SSEL = 1; 2-wire (pins SADR, SSCL and SSDA)

Pin SADR is not part of a standard 2-wire interface but selects one of two possible bus

addresses for the nRF24Z1.

4.2.5 Parallel port and PWM

Alternatively to the serial slave interfaces, ARX can be configured with an 8 bit parallel

port, which can be controlled and read from the audio transmitter. There are 4 input pins

DI[3:0] that are continuously monitored when a link is up. Changes on any of these inputs

will be sent back to the audio transmitter where it can be accessed in a register (via the

serial control interface). The audio receiver can also be programmed to wake up from

power down mode on a change on one of these pins.

PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

nRF24Z1 wireless audio streamer

Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989

Revision: 2.0 Page 16 of 76 April 2005

There are 4 outputs DO[3:0] that are controlled from the audio transmitter. Any of these

may be programmed for high current in order to drive LEDs or for standard CMOS to

control of other devices on the audio receiver board.

DO3 may be programmed to output a PWM signal, where the output duty cycle is

programmable with 8-bit resolution from the audio transmitter. Note that this PWM cannot

be used as audio DAC

The output pins DO[3:0] may also function as slave select signals if multiple slaves are

present on the ARX SPI master bus.

4.3 Blocks common to audio transmitter and receiver

4.3.1 XTAL Oscillator

The crystal oscillator will provide a stable reference frequency with low phase noise for the

radio and audio functions. See section 16.2 for full Crystal Specification.

4.3.2 Radio Transceiver

The RF transceiver part of the circuit is a member of nRF24xx family of low power highly

integrated 2.4GHz ShockBurst™ transceivers. The transceiver interface is optimized for

high speed streaming of up to 4 Mbps. Output power and some protocol parameters can be

controlled by the user via the QoS module.

4.3.3 Quality of Service engine

The primary function of the quality of service engine is to deliver a robust communication

channel between the audio transmitter and audio receiver in an audio streaming application.

Several data streams with different properties are handled. The available bandwidth is

shared between audio data, service data and remote data.

Data integrity is ensured through a number of RF protocol features:

1. Packets of data are sent in frames and integrity of each packet is ensured as every

packet has a complete build of RF address, payload and CRC.

2. Packets that are lost or received with errors are handled by the error correction level

of the quality of service engine; a two way, acknowledge protocol:

When a packet is received by ARX, it’s registered and CRC is checked.

After ARX has received a frame it sends a packet back to ATX

acknowledging the packets that where successfully transferred. Packets lost

or received with errors will be re-sent from ATX in the next frame.

3. Finally the information (audio data) is spread over the 2.4 GHz band by use of an

adaptive frequency hopping algorithm. Through this a nRF24Z1 link can handle RF

propagation challenges like reflections and multi-path fading and not least avoid

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