JavaMail-1.5 API 教程：构建电子邮件应用

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"JavaMail-1.5 API 是JavaMail官方发布的1.5版本API文档，主要为开发者提供了处理电子邮件的相关接口。此版本API允许开发者利用Java进行邮件处理，实现类似于Microsoft Outlook的功能。" JavaMail是Java平台上的一个开源库，它为处理电子邮件提供了一系列的标准API。JavaMail-1.5 API是这一系列接口的最新版本，符合JSR-919（JavaMail Specification）的1.5版标准，由Oracle America, Inc.作为规范领导进行发布。这个版本的API于2013年5月31日正式发布，具有最终版本状态。 JavaMail的核心功能包括： 1. **邮件创建与发送**：通过SMTP、ESMTP、SMTPS等协议发送邮件，支持HTML、文本、附件等多种格式的邮件内容。 2. **邮件接收**：使用POP3、IMAP4、IMAPS协议接收邮件，可检索邮箱中的邮件，包括收件箱、草稿箱、已发送和垃圾邮件等。 3. **邮件存储与管理**：提供对邮件存储的访问，如Mbox和Maildir格式，以及微软Outlook使用的pst格式。 4. **邮件寻址**：支持地址解析和验证，包括InternetAddress类用于处理RFC822和RFC2822格式的邮件地址。 5. **邮件头与邮件体**：提供了对邮件头信息（如发件人、收件人、主题等）和邮件正文的访问与操作。 6. **会话管理**：Session类是JavaMail的核心，用于配置邮件服务器连接参数，如主机名、端口、认证方式等。 7. **多语言支持**：支持多种字符集和编码，确保邮件在不同语言环境下的正确显示。 8. **安全通信**：支持SSL和TLS加密，确保邮件传输的安全性。 9. **MIME支持**：处理MIME类型的数据，如多部分消息和嵌入式对象。 JavaMail API的使用涉及多个关键接口和类，如Message、Store、Folder、Transport等。开发者可以通过这些接口进行邮件的创建、发送、接收和管理。同时，JavaMail API还提供了丰富的示例代码和文档，帮助开发者快速理解和应用。在开发过程中，JavaMail-1.5 API不仅适用于创建邮件客户端应用程序，还可以用于服务器端的邮件处理，如自动回复、邮件过滤等功能。由于其强大的功能和广泛的兼容性，JavaMail已经成为Java平台上处理电子邮件的标准工具之一。开发者可以依据此API开发出高效、稳定且功能丰富的邮件应用。

6 Chapter 3: Architectural Overview

JavaMail Layered Architecture

March 2013 JavaMail™ API Design Specification

JavaMail clients use the JavaMail API and Service Providers implement the JavaMail

API. The layered design architecture allows clients to use the same JavaMail API calls

to send, receive and store a variety of messages using different data-types from

different message stores and using different message transport protocols.

FIGURE 3-1

Mail-enabled Application

Java Bean - used to interact and

display message content

JavaMail

Abstract Class Layer

IMAP / POP3 / NNTP implementation Layer

Internet Mail

Implementation Class Layer

JavaMail

API

10 Chapter 3: Architectural Overview

Major JavaMail API Components

March 2013 JavaMail™ API Design Specification

Major JavaMail API Components

This section reviews major components comprising the JavaMail architecture.

The Message Class

The Message class is an abstract class that defines a set of attributes and a content for

a mail message. Attributes of the Message class specify addressing information and

define the structure of the content, including the content type. The content is

represented as a DataHandler object that wraps around the actual data.

The Message class implements the Part interface. The Part interface defines

attributes that are required to define and format data content carried by a Message

object, and to interface successfully to a mail system. The Message class adds From,

To, Subject, Reply-To, and other attributes necessary for message routing via a

message transport system. When contained in a folder, a Message object has a set of

flags associated with it. JavaMail provides Message subclasses that support specific

messaging implementations.

The content of a message is a collection of bytes, or a reference to a collection of bytes,

encapsulated within a Message object. JavaMail has no knowledge of the data type or

format of the message content. A Message object interacts with its content through an

intermediate layer—the JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF). This separation

allows a Message object to handle any arbitrary content and to transmit it using any

appropriate transmission protocol by using calls to the same API methods. The

message recipient usually knows the content data type and format and knows how to

handle that content.

The JavaMail API also supports multipart Message objects, where each Bodypart

defines its own set of attributes and content.

Message Storage and Retrieval

Messages are stored in Folder objects. A Folder object can contain subfolders as

well as messages, thus providing a tree-like folder hierarchy. The Folder class

declares methods that fetch, append, copy and delete messages. A Folder object can

also send events to components registered as event listeners.

The Store class defines a database that holds a folder hierarchy together with its

messages. The Store class also specifies the access protocol that accesses folders and

retrieves messages stored in folders. The Store class also provides methods to

establish a connection to the database, to fetch folders and to close a connection.

Service providers implementing Message Access protocols (IMAP4, POP3, etc.) start

off by subclassing the Store class. A user typically starts a session with the mail

system by connecting to a particular Store implementation.

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