ASP.NET Web API 安全设计与控制指南

需积分: 5 160 浏览量更新于2024-07-17 收藏 1.77MB PDF 举报

"ASP.NET Web API Succinctly 是一本由 Emanuele Del Bono 撰写的书籍，由 Daniel Jebaraj 前言，由 Syncfusion Inc. 出版。本书详细介绍了如何在 ASP.NET Web API 中实现安全设计和安全控制。这本书可以免费下载，但仅限于个人或教育用途，禁止任何形式的重新分发。" 在ASP.NET Web API中，安全设计和安全控制是确保应用程序数据和服务不被未经授权的用户访问的关键方面。以下是一些关键知识点： 1. **身份验证与授权**：ASP.NET Web API 提供了多种身份验证机制，包括基本身份验证、Windows 身份验证、OAuth 和 JWT（JSON Web Tokens）。这些机制允许你确定用户身份并控制他们可以访问的资源。授权通常是基于角色的，允许你根据用户的角色分配不同的权限。 2. **API 版本控制**：在大型项目中，API 的版本控制是必不可少的，以确保向后兼容性和逐步升级。ASP.NET Web API 可以通过路由配置实现版本控制，如在 URL 中添加版本号或使用自定义头部。 3. **过滤器（Filters）**：过滤器在 ASP.NET Web API 中用于执行全局或特定操作，如授权、异常处理和缓存。你可以自定义过滤器来实现特定的安全需求，如强制执行特定的授权策略。 4. **模型绑定与验证**：模型绑定用于将HTTP请求的数据映射到Action方法的参数。同时，模型验证可以确保输入数据的有效性和安全性，防止SQL注入等攻击。 5. **CORS（跨源资源共享）**：Web API 默认不允许跨域请求，但可以通过启用CORS来放宽这一限制，允许特定来源的JavaScript访问API。这需要谨慎处理，以防止恶意网站利用你的API。 6. **HTTPS与SSL/TLS**：为了保护数据传输，你应该始终使用HTTPS，它通过SSL/TLS协议加密通信，防止中间人攻击和数据拦截。 7. **错误处理**：安全的Web API应该优雅地处理错误，避免暴露敏感信息。可以自定义错误处理逻辑，返回定制的错误消息，而不是显示内部服务器错误详情。 8. **日志和审计**：记录API的请求和响应对于监控、调试和安全分析至关重要。可以集成日志框架，如log4net或NLog，来跟踪API的使用情况。 9. **API密钥和令牌管理**：对于无状态API，通常使用API密钥或访问令牌进行验证。例如，OAuth2提供了一种安全的授权框架，用于获取和管理这些令牌。 10. **速率限制**：为了防止DoS（拒绝服务）攻击，你可以实施速率限制策略，限制每个客户端在特定时间内可以发出的请求数量。 11. **依赖注入**：ASP.NET Web API 支持依赖注入，允许你轻松地将安全库和服务注入到控制器中，提高代码的可测试性和可维护性。 12. **安全编码实践**：遵循OWASP（开放网络应用安全项目）的指南，确保代码遵循最佳安全编码实践，如避免硬编码敏感信息，使用参数化查询防止SQL注入，以及正确处理用户输入。通过理解和应用这些概念，开发者能够创建出强大而安全的ASP.NET Web API，为用户提供可靠的服务，同时保护系统免受潜在威胁。

Chapter 2 Hello Web API

Hello World

Let’s start by creating our first Web API project to see how it looks and to see what’s inside.

The Web API template is part of the ASP.NET MVC 4 project template by default in Visual

Studio 2012. For older versions of Visual Studio, you have to install the templates by

downloading them from the http://asp.net website.

So let’s create a new ASP.NET MVC 4 web application and in the second step choose the Web

API template. Once created, the Web API project is almost identical to a classic ASP.NET MVC

project, and in fact it keeps a lot of concepts from that kind of project.

Here it is: the solution structure as it appears after creating the project.

Figure 1: The Web API project structure

The most important things to note are:

 The Controllers, Models, and Views folders are taken from ASP.NET MVC. As we will

see later, the Web API uses the same MVC pattern, so we will have controllers and

models. There is a Views folder too, but it’s not very useful in an API context, even if we

could return a view to our caller.

 As well as the Views folder, there are Images, Scripts, and Content folders. These are

not used often since an API is generally used to return data, not a user interface.

 The App_Start folder is used to configure the API. It contains various configurators to set

up the behavior of the API. This folder also contains some configuration for the

ASP.NET MVC part.

Inside this class we find all the default verbs to manipulate the Value resource: GET, POST, PUT,

and DELETE. The name of the methods here matters, since the ASP.NET Web API runtime uses

conventions to find the action to call against an HTTP request. So the two Get(…) methods are

used to get a collection of values and to get a single value given its ID. The Post(…) and

Put(…) are used to insert and modify the Value resource, while the Delete(…) method is used

to delete a resource given the ID.

As you can see, the five methods are the actions that are called against a GET, POST, PUT, or

DELETE HTTP request.

We will go further into conventions and other details about the previous code in the next

chapters. For now we will focus on the overview of an ASP.NET Web API project.

Like an ASP.NET MVC web application, Web API projects use a routing system. The

configuration of the routes is in a file called WebApiConfig.cs in the App_Start folder. Here is

the content of that file:

using System.Web.Http;

namespace HelloWebApi

{

public static class WebApiConfig

{

public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)

{

config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(

name: "DefaultApi",

routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",

defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }

);

}

This class has one method that is invoked from the WebApiApplication class in the

global.asax. This method registers the routes needed by the application. By default, the

ValuesController defined before responds to the URI /api/Values, as we can see in the

previous code. Note that these routes, even though very similar to the ASP.NET MVC routes,

are a completely different stack. In this case, the route type is IHttpRoute and the

implementation is contained in the System.Web.Http assembly, so it’s completely new and is

not tied to System.Web.

Even if they are different, they are implemented almost in the same way: each route has a name

and a template that is tokenized to match the input patterns.

So until now, we have seen the Values controller that has the duty to manage the Values

resource and a simple routing system to route the request to the matching controller. Let’s run

the Web API application to see how it works.

剩余93页未读，继续阅读

boydoy1987

粉丝: 627
资源: 19

ASP.NET Web API 安全设计与控制指南

.NET加密技术详解：Cryptography_in_.NET_Succinctly

Postgres_Succinctly.pdf

Imperative_to_functional_programming_succinctly

Nodejs_Succinctly_Node.js_Node.jsprogramming_

UnitTesting_Succinctly.pdf

2016-Delphi_Succinctly.pdf

一些很不错的JQuery的例子（附上jQuery_Succinctly.pdf）

GIS Succinctly.pdf

ASP.NET Core Succinctly

ASP.NET Multitenant Applications Succinctly

最新资源