高级Bash脚本编程指南：ABS-Guide英文版

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"高级Bash脚本编程指南(ABS-Guide英文版)" 《高级Bash脚本编程指南》是由Mendel Cooper编写的，这是一本深入探索Shell脚本编程艺术的专业指南。书中针对那些没有编程或脚本背景的读者，以快速而系统的方式引导他们进入中级到高级的Shell脚本编写领域。同时，它还巧妙地融入了UNIX智慧和传统，为读者提供了丰富的Shell脚本技术知识。这本书不仅可用作教科书，帮助初学者自学，还可以作为参考和Shell脚本技巧的源泉。书中包含大量练习和详尽注释的例子，鼓励读者积极参与，因为只有通过实际编写脚本，才能真正掌握脚本编程。此书适合在课堂上作为编程概念的入门教材。特别值得一提的是，作者慷慨地将本书公之于众，没有任何版权限制，任何人都可以自由使用和分享。书中涵盖了各种主题，从基础的Shell编程概念开始，例如变量、条件语句、循环、函数，到更高级的主题如错误处理、调试技巧和脚本优化。每一章都旨在帮助读者逐步提高Shell脚本编写技能，并且通过实践来深化理解。目录可能包括如下章节： 1. Shell编程简介 - Shell介绍 - 第一个脚本 - 命令行参数 - 变量和环境变量 2. 控制结构 - 条件测试 - if语句 - case语句 - for循环 - while循环 3. 函数和脚本组织 - 自定义函数 - 脚本结构和最佳实践 4. 输入/输出管理 - 标准输入、输出和错误 - 管道和重定向 - 文件描述符 5. 错误处理和调试 - 错误检测 - 调试脚本 - set命令和shell选项 6. 高级主题 - 作用域和生命周期 - 函数和子shell - 正则表达式和模式匹配 - 与系统交互 7. 脚本实用工具 - find命令 - grep和sed - awk 8. 实战案例分析 - 解决实际问题的脚本示例 9. 总结和进一步学习 - 探索更多的Shell特性 - 阅读其他相关资源通过这本书，读者将不仅学习到如何编写有效的Bash脚本，还能了解UNIX系统的工作原理，从而提升在Linux或Unix环境中解决问题的能力。无论是个人学习还是课堂教学，这都是一份不可多得的资源。

bash$ cp /home/bozo/current_work/junk/* .

Copy all the "junk" files to $PWD.

"dot" character match. When matching characters, as part of a regular expression, a "dot" matches a

single character.

partial quoting [double quote]. "STRING" preserves (from interpretation) most of the special

characters within STRING. See Chapter 5.

full quoting [single quote]. 'STRING' preserves all special characters within STRING. This is a

stronger form of quoting than "STRING". See Chapter 5.

comma operator. The comma operator [16] links together a series of arithmetic operations. All are

evaluated, but only the last one is returned.

let "t2 = ((a = 9, 15 / 3))"

# Set "a = 9" and "t2 = 15 / 3"

The comma operator can also concatenate strings.

for file in /{,usr/}bin/*calc

# ^ Find all executable files ending in "calc"

#+ in /bin and /usr/bin directories.

if [ -x "$file" ]

then

echo $file

done

# /bin/ipcalc

# /usr/bin/kcalc

# /usr/bin/oidcalc

# /usr/bin/oocalc

# Thank you, Rory Winston, for pointing this out.

,, ,

Lowercase conversion in parameter substitution (added in version 4 of Bash).

escape [backslash]. A quoting mechanism for single characters.

\X escapes the character X. This has the effect of "quoting" X, equivalent to 'X'. The \ may be used to

quote " and ', so they are expressed literally.

See Chapter 5 for an in-depth explanation of escaped characters.

Filename path separator [forward slash]. Separates the components of a filename (as in

/home/bozo/projects/Makefile).

This is also the division arithmetic operator.

command substitution. The `command` construct makes available the output of command for

assignment to a variable. This is also known as backquotes or backticks.

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 10

In combination with the >> redirection operator, has no effect on a pre-existing target file (: >>

target_file). If the file did not previously exist, creates it.

This applies to regular files, not pipes, symlinks, and certain special files.

May be used to begin a comment line, although this is not recommended. Using # for a comment

turns off error checking for the remainder of that line, so almost anything may appear in a comment.

However, this is not the case with :.

: This is a comment that generates an error, ( if [ $x -eq 3] ).

The ":" serves as a field separator, in /etc/passwd, and in the $PATH variable.

bash$ echo $PATH

/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/games

A colon is acceptable as a function name.

:()

{

echo "The name of this function is "$FUNCNAME" "

# Why use a colon as a function name?

# It's a way of obfuscating your code.

}

# The name of this function is :

This is not portable behavior, and therefore not a recommended practice. In fact, more recent releases

of Bash do not permit this usage. An underscore _ works, though.

A colon can serve as a placeholder in an otherwise empty function.

not_empty ()

{

} # Contains a : (null command), and so is not empty.

reverse (or negate) the sense of a test or exit status [bang]. The ! operator inverts the exit status of

the command to which it is applied (see Example 6-2). It also inverts the meaning of a test operator.

This can, for example, change the sense of equal ( = ) to not-equal ( != ). The ! operator is a Bash

keyword.

In a different context, the ! also appears in indirect variable references.

In yet another context, from the command line, the ! invokes the Bash history mechanism (see

Appendix L). Note that within a script, the history mechanism is disabled.

wild card [asterisk]. The * character serves as a "wild card" for filename expansion in globbing. By

itself, it matches every filename in a given directory.

bash$ echo *

abs-book.sgml add-drive.sh agram.sh alias.sh

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 12

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