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首页程序员思维修炼:连接现实与高效学习的关键
"《程序员思维修炼.pdf》是一本旨在提升程序员认知能力与学习效率的专业书籍,作者通过深入浅出的方式探讨了现实世界中的系统性、非线性和相互关联性对个人思维的影响。书中强调,一切事物——物理世界、社会系统、内心思想,乃至计算机的逻辑,都是一个庞大而相互连接的现实体系,没有孤立存在的事物,每个元素都在更大的系统和上下文中发挥作用。 书中的核心观点是,由于现实世界的非线性性质,即使是微小的改变也可能带来意想不到的重大影响,这是非线性系统的特点。作为程序员,理解和运用这种思维方式至关重要,因为它能帮助我们更好地处理复杂问题,预见潜在影响,并优化我们的工作流程。 书中提供了具体的方法论,如实用思考和学习策略,引导读者提高大脑的效率和生产力。通过跟随作者安迪的步骤,读者不仅能够变得更聪明,工作效率也会显著提升,学习能力将达到前所未有的水平。例如,书中的内容引用了像Dreyfus模型这样的概念,以及关于体验式培训(如攀岩故事)如何促进学习的解释,作者以幽默且巧妙的方式呈现,使得阅读过程既富有启发性又易于理解。 这本书特别适合那些希望改进学习技巧、成为专家型学习者,以及提高工作效能的软件开发人员。它强调了在编程或解决问题时,理解上下文的重要性,并教会读者如何通过快速且轻松的学习来优化工作表现。《程序员思维修炼.pdf》是一本实用且深入的指南,帮助程序员塑造更系统化的思考方式,从而在职业生涯中取得更大的成功。"
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AGAIN WITH THE “PRAGMATIC”? 16
What Are Agile Methods?
The term agile methods was coined at a summit meetin g
in February 2001 by seventeen leaders in software devel-
opment, including the founders of various development
methodologies such Extreme Programming, Scrum, Crystal,
and, of course, our own pragmatic programming.
Agile methods differ from traditional plan-based methods
in a number of significant ways, most notably in eschewing
rigid rules and discarding dusty old schedules in favor of
adapting to real-time feedback.
I’ll talk about agile methods often throughout the book,
because many of the agile ideas and practices fit in well
with good cognitive habits.
1.1 Again with the “Pragmatic” ?
From the original The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to
Master [
HT00] to our Pragmatic Bookshelf publishing imprint, you
will notice that we have a certain preoccupation with the word prag-
matic. The essence of pragmatism is to do what works—for you.
So before we begin, please bear i n mind that every individual is
different. Although many of the studies that I’ll reference have
been conducted on large populations, some have not. I’m going
to draw on a large variety of material ranging fr om hard scientific
fact proven with functional MRI scans of the brain to conceptual
theories, as well as material ranging from old wives’ tales to “Hey,
Fred tried it, and it worked for him.”
In many cases—especially when discussing the brain—the under-
lying scientific reasons are unknown or unknowable. But do not
let that worry you: if it works, then it’s pragmatic, and I will of fer
it here for y our consideration. I hope many of th ese ideas will work
for you.
Only dead fish go with
the flow.
But some folks are just plain wired dif-
ferently; you may be one of them. And
that’s OK; you shouldn’t follow any advice
blindly. Even mine. Instead, read with an
open mind. Try the suggestions, and decide what works for you.
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CONSIDER THE CONTEXT 17
What Is Wetwa re?
wet•ware |
|
wet
|
we(
e
)r|: etymology: wet + software
Noun, humorous. Human brain cells or thought processes
regarded as analogous to, or in contrast with, computer
systems.
That is, using the model of a computer as an analogy to
human thought p rocesses.
As you grow and adapt, you may need to modify your habits and
approaches as well. Nothing in life is ever static; only dead fish go
with the flow. So, please take this book as just the beginning .
I’ll share the pragmatic ideas and techniques I’ve found in my jour-
ney; the rest is up to you.
1.2 Consider the Context
Everything is interconnected: the physical world, social systems,
your i nnermost t houghts, t he unrelenting logic of the computer—
everything forms one immense, interconnected system of reality.
Nothing exists in isolation; everything is part of the system and
part of a larger context.
Because of that inconvenient fact of reality, small things can have
unexpectedly large effects. That disproportionate ef fect is the hall-
mark of nonlinear systems, and in case you hadn’t noticed, the real
world is decidedly nonlinear.
When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to
everything else in the universe.
John Muir, 1911, My First Summer in the Sie rra
Throughout this book, you’ll find activities or diff erences that seem
to be so subtle or inconsequential that they couldn’t possibly make
a difference. These are activities such as thinking a thought to
yourself vs. speaking it out loud or such as writing a sentence
on a piece of paper vs. typing it into an editor on the computer.
Abstractly, these things should be perfectly equivalent.
But they aren’t.
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EVERYONE IS TALKING ABOUT THIS STUFF 18
These kinds of activities utiliz e very different pathways in the
brain—pathways that are affected by your very thoughts and how
you think them. Your thoughts are not disconnected from the rest
of the brain machinery or your body; it’s all connected. This is just
one example (and we’ll talk more about the brain later in the book),
but it helps illustrate the importance of thinking about interacting
systems.
Everything is
interco nnected.
In his seminal book The Fifth Discipline:
The Art and Practice of the Lear ning Orga-
nization [
Sen90], Peter Senge popularized
the term systems thinking to describe a
different approach of viewing the world. In systems thinking, one
tries to envision an object as a connection point of several systems,
rather than as a discrete object unto itself.
For instance, you might consider a tree t o be a single, discrete
object sitting on the visible ground. But in fact, a tree is a connec-
tion of at least two major systems: the processing cycle of leaves
and air and of roots and earth. It’s not stat i c; it’s not isolated. And
even more interesting, you’ll rarely be a simple observer of a sys-
tem. More likely, you’ll be part of it, wheth er you know it or not.
3
TIP 1
Always consider the context.
Put a copy of that up on your wall or your desktop, in your con-
ference room, on your whiteboard, or anywhere you think alone or
with others. We’ll be returning to it.
1.3 Everyone Is Talking About This Stuff
As I was mulling over t he idea of w riting this book, I started to
notice that a lot of people in different disciplines were talking about
the topics in which I was i nterested. But these were in very diff erent
and diverse areas, including the following:
• MBA and executive-level training
• Cognitive science research
3. Suggested by our old buddy Heisenberg and h i s quantum uncertainty principle,
the more general obse rver effect posits that you can’t observe a system without
altering it.
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WHERE WE’RE GOING 19
• Learning theory
• Nursing, health care, aviation, and other professions and
industries
• Yoga and meditat i ve practices
• Programmin g, abstraction, and problem solving
• Artificial intelligence research
There’s something
fundamental here.
When you start to find the same set
of ideas—the same common thr eads—
showing up in different guises in these
very different areas, that’s usually a sign.
There must be something fundamental and very important lurking
under the covers for these similar ideas to be present in so many
different contexts.
Yoga and meditative techniques seem to be enjoying quite a bit of
mainstream popularity these days, and not always for obvious rea-
sons. I noticed an article in an in-flight magazine around October
2005 that t rumpeted the headline “Companies Now Offering Yoga
and Meditation to Help Fight Rising Health-Care Costs.”
Large companies have not historically embraced such warm-and-
fuzzy activities. But the meteoric rise of health-care costs has
forced them t o take any course of action that might help. Clearly,
they believe the studies showing that practitioners of yoga and
meditative techniques enjoy greater overall health than the general
population. In this book, we’re more interested in the areas related
to cognit i on, but greater overall health is a nice side benefit.
I also noticed that a number of MBA and executive-level courses
promote various meditative, creative, and i ntuitive techniques—
stuff that fits in perfectly with the available research but that has
not yet been passed down to the employees in the trenches, includ-
ing us knowledge-worker types.
But not to worry, we’ll be covering these topics here for you. No
MBA required.
1.4 Where We’re Going
Every good journey begins with a map, and ours appears in the
front portion of this book. Despite the linear flow of a book, these
topics are entwined and interrelated, as the map shows.
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WHERE WE’RE GOING 20
After all, everything i s connected t o everything else. But it’s some-
what difficult to appreciate that idea with a l i near read of a book.
You can’t always get a sense of what’s related when faced with
countless “see also” references in the text. By presenting the map
graphically, I hope you get th e opportunity to see what’s related t o
what a little more clearly.
With that in mind, the following is roughly where we are headed,
despite a few side trips, tangents, and excursions on the way.
Journey from Novice to Expert
In the first part of the book, we’ll look at why your brain works as
it does, beginning with a popular model of expertise.
The Dreyfus model of skill acquisition pr ovides a powerful way of
looking at how you move beyond beginner-level performance and
begin the journey to mastery of a skill. We’ll take a look at the Drey-
fus model and in particular look at the keys to becoming an expert:
harnessing and applying your own experience, understanding con-
text, and harnessing intuition.
This Is Your Brain
The most important tool in software development is, of course,
your own brain. We’ll take a look at some of the basics of cog-
nitive science and neuroscience as they relate to our interests as
software developers, i ncluding a model of the brain that looks a lot
like a dual-CPU, shared-bus design and how t o do your own brain
surgery of a sort.
Get in Your Righ t Mind
Once we have a better understanding of the brain, we will find ways
to exploit underutilized facets of thinking to help encourage bet-
ter creati vity and problem solving, as well as harvest and process
experiences more effectively.
We’ll also take a look at where intuition comes from. Intuition, the
hallmark of the expert, turns out to be a tricky beast. You need
it, you rely on it, but you also probably fight against using it con-
stantly, without knowing why. You may also be actively suspicious
of your own and others’ intuit i on, mistakenly thinking that it’s “not
scientific.”
We’ll see how to fix that and give your intuition freer reign.
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