Wordle难度揭秘:数据分析与模型探索

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"这篇论文是关于2023年美国大学生数学建模竞赛(MCM/ICM)的一项研究,主题是分析Wordle游戏的数据,探究影响Wordle单词难度的因素。作者通过建立三个模型——词属性提取模型、数字和分布预测模型以及单词分类模型,深入理解游戏机制和单词选择策略。在进行模型构建前,首先对原始数据进行了异常值检测和拼写错误修正,以确保数据质量。此外,还运用了多种可视化技术,以便更直观地展示分析结果。" 这篇论文的主要知识点包括: 1. **Wordle游戏分析**:Wordle是一款全球流行的文字游戏,玩家需根据提示猜出一个五字母单词。论文旨在通过数据分析了解其背后的挑战性。 2. **影响因素研究**:论文探讨了影响Wordle单词难度的各种因素,如单词的频次、字母频次、字母重复和字母共享等。 3. **模型构建**: - **模型1:词属性提取模型** - 该模型关注单词的基础属性,比如在英语中的常见程度,字母出现频率,重复字母数量和字母组合的独特性。 - **模型2:数字和分布预测模型** - 这个模型可能涉及到统计学方法,预测每个单词在游戏过程中的数字和分布模式。 - **模型3:单词分类模型** - 通过机器学习算法,将单词按照难度级别进行分类,以便理解不同类别单词的特征。 4. **数据预处理**:在建立模型前,进行了异常值检测,识别并修正了拼写错误的单词,这是数据清洗的重要步骤,确保后续分析的有效性和准确性。 5. **统计分析**:通过方差分析,论文发现重复字母的数量对每次尝试的数据百分比影响不大,但显著影响了尝试比例的变化。这揭示了重复字母在Wordle游戏中的复杂作用。 6. **可视化技术**:论文利用了多种可视化工具,如条形图、散点图或热力图等,帮助读者直观理解复杂的统计结果和模型预测。 7. **数学建模在实际问题中的应用**:此研究展示了数学建模如何应用于解决实际问题,如游戏策略分析,对于提升学生的研究能力和解决实际问题的技巧具有重要意义。 8. **竞赛背景**:该论文作为美赛(MCM/ICM)的一部分,对于参与竞赛的学生来说,是提高保研竞争力和锻炼竞赛技能的有效途径。 这篇研究不仅涉及数学建模方法,还包括了数据处理、统计分析和信息可视化等多个领域的知识,为理解Wordle游戏及其背后的数学原理提供了深度洞察。
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Machine learning allows computational systems to adaptively improve their performance with experience accumulated from the observed data. Its techniques are widely applied in engineering, science, finance, and commerce. This book is designed for a short course on machine learning. It is a short course, not a hurried course. From over a decade of teaching this material, we have distilled what we believe to be the core topics that every student of the subject should know. We chose the title `learning from data' that faithfully describes what the subject is about, and made it a point to cover the topics in a story-like fashion. Our hope is that the reader can learn all the fundamentals of the subject by reading the book cover to cover. ---- Learning from data has distinct theoretical and practical tracks. In this book, we balance the theoretical and the practical, the mathematical and the heuristic. Our criterion for inclusion is relevance. Theory that establishes the conceptual framework for learning is included, and so are heuristics that impact the performance of real learning systems. ---- Learning from data is a very dynamic field. Some of the hot techniques and theories at times become just fads, and others gain traction and become part of the field. What we have emphasized in this book are the necessary fundamentals that give any student of learning from data a solid foundation, and enable him or her to venture out and explore further techniques and theories, or perhaps to contribute their own. ---- The authors are professors at California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), and National Taiwan University (NTU), where this book is the main text for their popular courses on machine learning. The authors also consult extensively with financial and commercial companies on machine learning applications, and have led winning teams in machine learning competitions.