Java与C++对比:程序员视角

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"这篇博客文章对比了Java和C++编程语言,主要关注它们在赋值运算符、字符串处理、布尔类型、字符类型、常量、拷贝构造函数、接口实现、内存管理、继承、析构函数、异常处理等方面的不同之处。" 在C++中,赋值运算符`= `是不能由用户自定义的,它用于将一个对象的引用赋值给类的实例。而在Java中,赋值运算符的行为类似,但Java有引用来处理对象,这与C++的指针概念有所不同。 C++使用`std::basic_string`处理字符串,而Java则提供了`String`和`StringBuffer`类。`String`在Java中是不可变的,而`StringBuffer`则支持在构建字符串时进行修改。 Java有`boolean`类型,与C++的`bool`相对应。同时,Java使用`byte`作为基本类型的最小单位,而C++则使用`char`。在常量方面,C++的`const`变量对应于Java的`final`字段。 C++允许用户定义拷贝构造函数,但Java没有默认的拷贝构造函数。Java通过实现`Cloneable`接口并调用`Object.clone()`方法来实现对象复制,这种方法可以看作是虚拟的方法。 在内存管理上,C++需要程序员手动管理内存,使用`delete`释放内存。Java则采用了垃圾回收机制,自动回收未引用的内存,程序员无需手动释放。 C++中的继承使用冒号`:`表示,而在Java中,继承使用关键字`extends`。Java的析构函数是`protected void finalize()`, 但它主要用于释放非内存资源,因此使用较少,不同于C++中的析构函数。 在异常处理方面,Java和C++都使用`try-catch`结构,但Java增加了`throws`关键字,用于声明方法可能抛出的异常。Java的异常层次结构基于`java.lang.Exception`,允许更精细的异常分类。 这篇博客文章通过对比,帮助C++程序员理解Java语言的关键特性,强调了两者的异同,便于进行语言转换。
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Book Description Written for the moderately experienced Java programmer, this book builds on readers¿ existing knowledge of object-oriented programming and covers all important aspects of Standard C++—emphasizing more lower-level C-style details later in the presentation. Chapter topics include philosophy of C++, simplest C++, pointers and reference variables, object-based programming: classes, operator overloading, object-oriented programming: inheritance, templates, abnormal control flow, input and output, collections: the standard template library, primitive arrays and strings, C-style C++, and using Java and C++: the JNI. For new C++ programmers converted from Java. For experienced Java programmers and students who require the skills of C++ programming, best-selling author Mark Allen Weiss bridges the gap. He efficiently presents the complex C++ language in this well-designed tutorial/reference that both students and seasoned programmers will appreciate. The book is ideal as a primary text for intermediate C++ courses, as a supplemental no-nonsense reference for other courses, or for independent learning by professionals. C++ for Java Programmers is a concise, well-written text that provides authoritative and up-to-date coverage of key features and details of C++, with a special focus on how C++ compares to Java. The book's approach shows knowledgeable students or professionals how to grasp the complexities of C++ and harness its power by mutually addressing the benefits and the pitfalls of the two languages. By highlighting the features and comparative elements of each language, and building on the reader's existing knowledge of object-oriented programming, C++ for Java Programmers enables users to master the essentials of C++ quickly and thoroughly. Key Features Includes insightful comparisons of the two programming languages throughout the text and points out the subtleties of C++ Succinctly covers the pertinent highlights of STL (Standard Template Library) and the most effective use of templates Explains the use of the powerful JNI (Java Native Interface) for combining Java and C++ Includes a summary of key C++ features and issues with each chapter Provides extensive treatment of C details the programmer is likely to encounter in C++ Companion Website for complete online source code at: http://www.prenhall.com/weiss Available Instructors Resource CD-ROM Product Details Paperback: 304 pages Publisher: Prentice Hall; 1 edition (November 7, 2003) Language: English ISBN-10: 013919424X ISBN-13: 978-0139194245 Product Dimensions: 9.5 x 6.8 x 0.6 inches