Apache MyFaces 1.2：构建下一代Web应用

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"JSF MyFaces 开发文档" JavaServer Faces (JSF) 是一个用于构建企业级Web应用程序的Java框架，由Sun Microsystems开发并成为Java Community Process (JCP) 的一部分。MyFaces是JSF的一个开源实现，由Apache软件基金会维护。这本书"Apache MyFaces 1.2 Web Application Development"由Bart Kummel撰写，旨在帮助开发者利用JSF和Facelets创建下一代Web应用程序。 JSF提供了一个组件化的模型，使得开发人员可以使用预定义的用户界面组件来构建交互式的Web界面。这些组件可以直接在页面上声明，并通过后台Java代码进行逻辑处理。JSF的工作流程包括视图、控制器和模型，使得开发者可以清晰地分离业务逻辑和用户界面。 MyFaces是JSF规范的多个实现之一，它提供了核心的JSF功能以及一些额外的特性，比如Tomahawk库，其中包含了许多实用的自定义组件。MyFaces强调可扩展性和灵活性，允许开发者根据项目需求定制和扩展JSF的行为。 Facelets是JSF 1.2版本中的默认视图技术，替代了原来的JSP视图。Facelets提供了更简洁的XML语法，更易于理解和维护，同时支持模板和重用组件。Facelets允许开发者创建声明式UI，这有助于提高代码的可读性和可维护性。在本书中，读者可以期待学习到以下知识点： 1. **JSF基础**：理解JSF的基本架构，包括请求处理生命周期，组件模型，以及如何处理事件和数据绑定。 2. **Facelets介绍**：学习Facelets的语法，如何创建和组织视图，以及如何使用 Facelets 的模板和包含功能。 3. **MyFaces特性和扩展**：探索MyFaces提供的额外组件和工具，如何集成Tomahawk库，以及如何自定义JSF行为。 4. **应用程序开发**：学习如何设置开发环境，创建第一个JSF应用，以及如何处理表单提交和页面导航。 5. **数据访问和持久化**：结合JSF与Java Persistence API (JPA) 或 Hibernate 进行数据访问和对象关系映射。 6. **国际化和本地化**：了解如何在JSF应用中支持多语言。 7. **错误处理和调试**：学习如何处理JSF中的异常，以及如何调试JSF应用。 8. **性能优化**：探讨JSF应用的性能调优技巧，包括减少响应时间，优化组件树等。 9. **部署和测试**：了解如何将JSF应用部署到不同的服务器，并进行集成测试。本书可能还会涵盖最佳实践、案例研究和实际项目的开发过程，以帮助读者将理论知识转化为实践经验。通过阅读这本书，开发者不仅可以掌握JSF MyFaces的基础知识，还能深入了解如何在实际项目中有效地应用这些技术。

Table of Contents

[ ix ]

Dening long range validation 323

Dening required elds 323

Using ExtVal’s additional annotations 324

Dening pattern-based validation 324

Using custom validators 325

Reusing validation 326

Applying cross validation 328

Using cross validation for date values 329

Using cross validation based on equality 330

Making a value required conditionally 331

Creating custom error messages 331

Overriding standard JSF error messages 332

Overriding ExtVal default error messages 332

Creating our own validation strategy 334

Implementing a custom validation strategy 335

Conguring ExtVal to use a custom validation strategy 337

Using alternative conguration add-ons 338

Testing the custom validation strategy 339

Extending ExtVal in many other ways 340

Extending ExtVal with add-ons 341

Getting add-ons for ExtVal 341

Installing ExtVal add-ons 344

Using Bean Validation 344

Setting up Bean Validation and ExtVal 345

Using Bean Validation annotations 346

Reusing validation 349

Inheriting validation 349

Using recursive validation 350

Composing custom constraints 350

Using payloads to set severity levels 353

Setting up the Continue with warnings add-on 353

Setting the severity level of a constraint 354

Setting the severity level on ExtVal Property Validation constraints 355

Setting the severity level on any constraint 356

Summary 357

Chapter 11: Best Practices 359

Preventing direct access to page denitions 359

Using container-managed security with JSF 362

Enabling container-managed security 362

Navigating to the login page 364

Creating the login page 364

Alternatives 366

Logout link 366

Preface

Hypes and trends (such as Web 2.0) cause a change in the requirements for user

interfaces every now and then. Although a lot of frameworks are capable of meeting

these changing requirements, they often mean that you, as a developer, need

in-depth knowledge of web standards, such as XHTML and JavaScript. Apache

MyFaces hides all of the details of how the page is rendered at the client, and at the

same time offers a rich set of tools and building blocks. This can save you a lot of

time not only when you’re building a brand-new application, but also when you’re

adapting an existing application to meet new user interface requirements.

This book will teach you everything that you need to know in order to build appealing

web interfaces with Apache MyFaces, and to maintain your code in a pragmatic way.

It describes all of the steps that are involved in building a user interface with Apache

MyFaces. This includes building templates and composition components with Facelets,

and using all sorts of specialized components from the Tomahawk and Trinidad

component sets. Adding validation with MyFaces Extensions Validator as well as

using MyFaces Orchestra to manage transactions in a page ow, are also covered.

Unlike comparable books, this book not only introduces Facelets as an alternative

to JSP, but actually uses Facelets in all the examples throughout this book. This

makes the book a valuable resource for Facelets examples. The book also shows how

various components of the MyFaces project can be used together, in order to deliver

the functionality of the new JSF 2.0 standard, in current projects, without the need to

upgrade your project to JSF 2.0.

This book uses a step-by-step approach, and contains a lot of tips based on

experience of the MyFaces libraries in real-world projects. Throughout the book, an

example scenario is used to work towards a fully-functional application by the end

of this book.

This step-by-step guide will help you to build a fully-functional and

powerful application.

Preface

[ 2 ]

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Introduction, introduces the Apache MyFaces project and all of its

subprojects. Forward references to other chapters are given wherever applicable.

Chapter 2, Getting Started, discusses downloading and installing the MyFaces

libraries. The set-up of two specic IDEs is discussed, as well as the set-up of an

application server for testing. This chapter also covers the use of Maven and the

Maven artifacts that are provided by the MyFaces project.

Chapter 3, Facelets, covers the installation of Facelets into our project. It discusses

the benets of Facelets over JavaServer Pages as a view technology for JavaServer

Faces. This chapter also introduces the most important features of Facelets. By the

end of the chapter, we have created a layout template that we can use throughout

the book, when developing our application. We will also have learned the basic

Facelets techniques that we will use in all examples throughout the book.

Chapter 4, Tomahawk, looks at the Tomahawk component set that is a part of

MyFaces. Some of the most important components from the set are covered, and

we will learn how we can use these in an optimal way, in combination with Facelets.

This chapter gives us enough information to build fully-functional JSF pages by

using Tomahawk components.

Chapter 5, Trinidad—the Basics, is the rst of three chapters covering MyFaces

Trinidad. This chapter introduces a lot of Trinidad components, including the

data input and output components. Special attention is given to the many layout

components that are available in the Trinidad library. As with Tomahawk, we will

see how we can get the most out of the combination of Trinidad and Facelets.

Chapter 6, Advanced Trinidad, introduces some more advanced features of the

Trinidad library. This includes the charting component that can be used to easily

create nice looking charts. Also, Trinidad’s page ow scope feature, which enables us

to create page ows more easily, is introduced. This chapter also discusses the AJAX

or Partial Page Rendering capabilities of Trinidad, including client-side validation

and conversion. The Trinidad dialog framework is also covered.

Chapter 7, Trinidad Skinning and Tuning, is an introduction to the advanced skinning

framework that is a part of Trinidad. This chapter also discusses the most important

tuning parameters of Trinidad.

Preface

[ 3 ]

Chapter 8, Integrating with the Backend, discusses how we can integrate the frontend

that we created with some backend system, in a standard way. This chapter gives

us some basic knowledge about the Model-View-Controller architecture, and about

important standards such as Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) and the Java Persistence API

(JPA). We will use the knowledge and examples from this chapter as a starting point

for the more advanced integration topics discussed in the subsequent chapters.

Chapter 9, MyFaces Orchestra, introduces the MyFaces Orchestra library. This chapter

starts with a very brief introduction to the Spring framework, as Orchestra is based

on parts of that framework. We see how we can create a Spring application context

and then how we should use such a context in combination with Orchestra. Some

key concepts of Orchestra are introduced, such as the Orchestra ViewController

concept and the concept of conversations. This chapter concludes with a quick view

of Orchestra’s DynaForm component.

Chapter 10, Extensions Validator, is about one of the latest additions to the MyFaces

project: the Extensions Validator, or ExtVal for short. This chapter starts by teaching

us how to congure our project to use ExtVal. We see how JPA annotations can be

used to automatically generate JSF validations. This chapter also shows us the extra

annotations that ExtVal offers to complement the JPA annotations. This chapter also

shows how we can use Bean Validation (JSR 303) annotations as an alternative to JPA

and ExtVal annotations. As a whole, this chapter is a good introduction to this very

exible and versatile member of the MyFaces family.

Chapter 11, Best Practices, is the last chapter of this book. It discusses some best

practices with JSF in general and MyFaces in particular. This chapter describes a way

to prevent direct access to page denitions, as well as a way to enable container-based

security in our JSF application. This chapter also shows how to create a login page by

using JSF components, and discusses how to use component bindings wisely. This

chapter concludes by discussing how to save the state of request-scoped components

in an elegant way.

Appendix A, XHTML Entities, lists all of the numeric entities that can be used in

XML documents. This list may be needed because Facelets les must be valid, plain

XML les, and can’t contain named entities that can be used in normal XHTML les.

Appendix B, Trinidad Tags, gives a list of all of the tags from the Trinidad library.

This can be referred to if you forget the exact name of one of the many tags. It can

also be used to determine if a certain Trinidad tag is a naming container.

Appendix C, Trinidad Text Keys, lists the keys that Trinidad uses to lookup the

default texts that are displayed on components. These keys can be used to customize

or translate the default texts.

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