ASAM MCD-2D(ODX) 数据模型规范：电子控制单元诊断

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"ASAM-AE-MCD-2-D-BS-ODX-V2-2-0" 是一个国际标准，旨在定义在系统供应商、汽车制造商、经销商和服务诊断工具之间传输汽车电子控制单元（ECU）诊断和编程数据的数据格式。当前汽车行业通常使用非正式的描述来记录车辆ECU的诊断数据流信息，而每个想使用ECU诊断数据流文档的用户都需要面对这些不统一的格式。 ASAM MCD-2D (ODX)是开放诊断数据交换的数据模型规范，版本2.2.0，发布于2008年5月18日。该标准由ASAM e.V.（Automotive Standards Cooperation e.V.）组织制定，并受到版权保护。ODX是一种用于汽车ECU诊断的数据模型，目的是标准化不同供应商之间的诊断数据交换，以促进兼容性和互操作性。文档的修订历史记录了从2.1.0到2.2.0的主要改进，包括维护、增强以及ODX核心小组的审查结果。此外，2.2.0版本还根据ISO CS（ISO技术秘书处）的反馈进行了编辑修改。标准的范围涵盖了规范引用、符号和缩略词、ODX的使用场景等。其中，ODX使用案例详细描述了在不同阶段和参与者之间如何使用ODX进行数据交换，如ECU开发、生产、售后服务和独立诊断工具的使用。这包括了ECU的编程、故障码读取、传感器数据监测等功能的描述方式。 ODX Studio通常是一个与ODX相关的工具，用于创建、编辑和管理ODX诊断数据库。售后诊断仪则是利用这些ODX数据进行车辆诊断和维修的设备，它们可以读取和解析ECU的数据，帮助技师识别并解决车辆问题。 ASAM-AE-MCD-2-D-BS-ODX-V2-2-0是汽车行业诊断通信标准化的重要组成部分，通过ODX数据模型，促进了汽车制造商、供应商和诊断工具制造商之间的数据交换，提高了效率和兼容性。这一标准的实施对于确保汽车诊断和服务的质量具有关键作用。

16 ASAM MCD-2D (ODX) Version 2.2

Figure 4 — Example of automotive dealership diagnostic tool support

4.4 ARCHITECTURE OF A MODULAR VCI COMPLIANT D-SERVER

Figure 5 shows the interfaces of a D-server and the position of ODX in a diagnostic

system. The D-server may use its own internal specific runtime data format. This data can

be imported from the ODX using a specific format converter.

Figure 5 — Architecture of a Modular VCI compliant D-server

20 ASAM MCD-2D (ODX) Version 2.2

6 INTRODUCTION TO AND USE OF THE UNIFIED MODELING

LANGUAGE (UML)

6.1 GENERAL ASPECTS

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used to define the ODX data model formally and

unambiguously. It enhances readability by graphical data model diagrams.

A short introduction to UML is given in this section. Only those aspects of UML are

described that are used in the ODX data model. Specifically, from the large set of

available UML diagrams, we only apply class diagrams for data modeling.

6.2 CLASS DIAGRAMS

6.2.1 CLASS

The central modeling element in UML is a class. A class represents a set of similar

objects. Generally, a class can be instantiated many times. Every instance of a class is

called an object. A class has attributes (defining the properties of these objects) and

methods (defining the actions an object can perform). For ODX methods are irrelevant

and are not used.

Figure 6 — UML representation of Class

Figure 6 shows the representation of a class and its attributes in UML notation. A class is

symbolized by a rectangle having up to three fields. The top field contains the name of the

class, e.g. PERSON. The second field contains the attributes of the class, e.g. NAME,

AGE, PROFESSION, and ID. Methods are defined in an optional third field. The attribute

field is not always displayed in the ODX data model diagrams. Since the method-field is

unused in the ODX data model, it is never displayed.

Attributes consist of the attribute name, e.g. NAME, followed by the attribute’s cardinality,

e.g. [1] or [0...1] and the attribute type, e.g. String. Furthermore, a default value for the

attribute may be specified. Such a default value follows the type descriptor of the attribute

and is separated from it by the symbol "=".

UML attributes specified with the <<attr>> stereotype in front of their name are

implemented as XML attributes of XML elements. UML attributes without this stereotype

are implement as XML sub-elements of XML elements.

Throughout the ODX data model, class names and attribute names are written in capital

letters.

6.2.2 INHERITANCE RELATIONSHIPS

Classes can inherit attributes from other classes. In Figure 7, a new class SCHOOLKID is

derived from the class PERSON. This means that implicitly the class SCHOOLKID has all

the same attributes as PERSON plus those that are defined specifically for the new class

SCHOOLKID, e.g. GRADE. PERSON is called the parent or super class; SCHOOLKID is

called the child or subclass of the inheritance relationship. Because the subclass adds

more detail to the super class and is thus more specific, inheritance relationships are often

called “specializations”.

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ASAM MCD-2D(ODX) 数据模型规范：电子控制单元诊断

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