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IEEE 802.11n/D11.0:下一代无线局域网规范草案
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"Draft P802.11n_D11.0 是一份2009年6月的IEEE未经批准的标准草案,涉及到802.11n技术,这是无线局域网(WLAN)的一个重要规范,旨在提高传输速率。此文档由802.11工作组编撰,内容涵盖了无线局域网介质访问控制(MAC)和物理层(PHY)的增强规格,以实现更高的吞吐量。"
802.11n标准是IEEE 802.11系列标准中的一个里程碑,它显著提升了无线网络的数据传输速度和覆盖范围。相较于之前的802.11a/b/g标准,802.11n引入了多种关键技术以提升性能:
1. **MIMO(多输入多输出)技术**:802.11n采用了MIMO技术,允许在无线链路中同时发送和接收多个数据流,通过空间复用增加信道容量,从而显著提高了网络的吞吐量。
2. **OFDM(正交频分复用)**:与802.11a/g标准一样,802.11n也使用了OFDM,但进一步增强了调制方式,增加了每个子载波的数据位,使得数据传输更高效。
3. **40MHz信道带宽**:与传统的20MHz信道相比,802.11n支持双倍的40MHz信道带宽,这使得数据传输速率有了显著提升。
4. **帧聚合**:该标准引入了载波聚合,将多个较小的802.11数据帧捆绑在一起作为一个更大的帧进行传输,减少了传输开销,提高了效率。
5. **短GI(Guard Interval)**:为了减少信号间的干扰,802.11n允许使用更短的保护间隔,这样可以在相同的时间内传输更多的数据。
6. **信道绑定**:802.11n允许设备同时使用两个相邻的20MHz信道,形成一个40MHz的信道,进一步提高了传输速率。
这些技术的结合使得802.11n标准能够提供理论上的最高数据传输速率接近600Mbps,实际应用中也能达到几百Mbps,极大地改善了用户的无线网络体验,尤其是在高清视频流媒体、在线游戏和大文件传输等高带宽需求的应用场景下。
802.11n标准的实施不仅提高了家庭和企业网络的性能,还在公共场所如机场、咖啡厅等无线热点区域提供了更快的连接速度。它为后续的802.11ac和802.11ax(Wi-Fi 6)等更高速度标准奠定了基础。虽然这份文档是未经批准的草案,但它包含了802.11n标准的关键技术和规范,对研究无线局域网的开发者和技术人员来说具有很高的参考价值。
IEEE P802.11n/D11.0, June 2009
xvi Copyright © 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved.
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
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11.17 RSNA A-MSDU procedures ............................................................................................... 242
11.18 Public Action frame addressing........................................................................................... 242
12. PHY service specification................................................................................................................ 244
12.3 Detailed PHY service specifications.................................................................................... 244
12.3.4 Basic service and options..................................................................................... 244
12.3.4.2 PHY-SAP sublayer-to-sublayer service primitives ......................... 244
12.3.4.3 PHY-SAP service primitives parameters......................................... 244
12.3.4.4 Vector descriptions .......................................................................... 244
12.3.5 PHY-SAP detailed service specification ............................................................. 245
12.3.5.4 PHY-TXSTART.request.................................................................. 245
12.3.5.4.1 Function ................................................................... 245
12.3.5.4.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 245
12.3.5.4.3 When generated ....................................................... 245
12.3.5.6 PHY-TXEND.request ...................................................................... 246
12.3.5.6.1 Function ................................................................... 246
12.3.5.6.2 When generated ....................................................... 246
12.3.5.7 PHY-TXEND.confirm..................................................................... 246
12.3.5.7.3 When generated ....................................................... 246
12.3.5.10 PHY-CCA.indication....................................................................... 246
12.3.5.10.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 246
12.3.5.10.3 When generated ....................................................... 246
12.3.5.12 PHY-RXEND.indication ................................................................. 247
12.3.5.12.1 Function ................................................................... 247
12.3.5.12.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 247
12.3.5.13 PHY-CONFIG.request..................................................................... 247
12.3.5.13.1 Function ................................................................... 247
12.3.5.13.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 247
12.3.5.13.3 When generated ....................................................... 248
12.3.5.13.4 Effect of receipt ....................................................... 248
12.3.5.14 PHY-CONFIG.confirm.................................................................... 248
12.3.5.14.1 Function ................................................................... 248
12.3.5.14.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 248
12.3.5.14.3 When generated ....................................................... 248
12.3.5.14.4 Effect of receipt ....................................................... 248
20. High Throughput (HT) PHY specification ...................................................................................... 249
20.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 249
20.1.1 Introduction to the HT PHY ................................................................................ 249
20.1.2 Scope.................................................................................................................... 249
20.1.3 HT PHY functions ............................................................................................... 249
20.1.3.1 HT PLCP sublayer ........................................................................... 250
20.1.3.2 HT PMD sublayer............................................................................ 250
20.1.3.3 PHY management entity (PLME).................................................... 250
20.1.3.4 Service specification method ........................................................... 250
20.1.4 PPDU Formats ..................................................................................................... 250
20.2 HT PHY service interface....................................................................................................251
20.2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 251
20.2.2 TXVECTOR and RXVECTOR parameters ........................................................ 251
20.2.3 Effect of CH_BANDWIDTH, CH_OFFSET and MCS parameters on PPDU format
258
20.2.4 Support for NON_HT formats ............................................................................. 259
IEEE P802.11n/D11.0, June 2009
Copyright © 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved.
xvii
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
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20.3 HT PLCP sublayer ............................................................................................................... 259
20.3.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 259
20.3.2 PLCP frame format.............................................................................................. 261
20.3.3 Transmitter block diagram................................................................................... 263
20.3.4 Overview of the PPDU encoding process............................................................ 265
20.3.5 Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) ............................................................. 268
20.3.6 Timing related parameters ................................................................................... 269
20.3.7 Mathematical description of signals .................................................................... 271
20.3.8 Transmission in the upper/lower 20 MHz of a 40 MHz channel......................... 273
20.3.9 HT preamble ........................................................................................................ 274
20.3.9.1 Introduction...................................................................................... 274
20.3.9.2 HT-mixed format preamble ............................................................. 275
20.3.9.3 Non-HT portion of the HT-mixed format preamble........................ 275
20.3.9.3.1 Introduction.............................................................. 275
20.3.9.3.2 Cyclic shift definition .............................................. 275
20.3.9.3.3 Non-HT Short Training field (L-STF)..................... 275
20.3.9.3.4 Non-HT Long Training field ................................... 276
20.3.9.3.5 The Non-HT SIGNAL field..................................... 277
20.3.9.4 The HT portion of the HT-mixed format preamble......................... 278
20.3.9.4.1 Introduction.............................................................. 278
20.3.9.4.2 Cyclic shift definition .............................................. 279
20.3.9.4.3 The HT SIGNAL field............................................. 279
20.3.9.4.4 CRC calculation for the HT SIGNAL field ............. 282
20.3.9.4.5 The HT short training field ...................................... 283
20.3.9.4.6 The HT long training field ....................................... 284
20.3.9.5 HT-greenfield format preamble ....................................................... 288
20.3.9.5.1 Cyclic shift definition for HT-greenfield format pream-
ble 288
20.3.9.5.2 HT-greenfield format Short Training field (HT-GF-
STF) 289
20.3.9.5.3 HT-greenfield format SIGNAL field....................... 289
20.3.9.5.4 HT-greenfield format Long Training field .............. 291
20.3.10 Transmission of NON_HT format PPDUs with more than one antenna............. 291
20.3.11 The Data field ...................................................................................................... 291
20.3.11.1 The SERVICE field ......................................................................... 292
20.3.11.2 Scrambler ......................................................................................... 292
20.3.11.3 Coding.............................................................................................. 292
20.3.11.4 Encoder parsing operation for two BCC FEC encoders .................. 292
20.3.11.5 Binary convolutional coding and puncturing................................... 293
20.3.11.6 Low density parity check (LDPC) codes......................................... 293
20.3.11.6.1 Introduction.............................................................. 293
20.3.11.6.2 LDPC coding rates and codeword block lengths..... 293
20.3.11.6.3 LDPC encoder.......................................................... 294
20.3.11.6.4 Parity check matrices ............................................... 294
20.3.11.6.5 LDPC PPDU encoding process ............................... 295
20.3.11.6.6 LDPC parser ............................................................ 297
20.3.11.7 Data interleaver................................................................................ 298
20.3.11.7.1 Overview.................................................................. 298
20.3.11.7.2 Stream parser ........................................................... 298
20.3.11.7.3 Frequency interleaver .............................................. 299
20.3.11.8 Constellation mapping ..................................................................... 300
20.3.11.8.1 Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) ......................... 300
20.3.11.9 Pilot subcarriers ............................................................................... 301
20.3.11.10 OFDM modulation........................................................................... 302
IEEE P802.11n/D11.0, June 2009
xviii Copyright © 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved.
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
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20.3.11.10.1 Spatial mapping ....................................................... 303
20.3.11.10.2 Transmission in 20 MHz HT format........................ 306
20.3.11.10.3 Transmission in 40 MHz HT Format....................... 307
20.3.11.10.4 Transmission in MCS 32 format.............................. 307
20.3.11.10.5 Transmission with a short guard interval................. 308
20.3.11.11 Non-HT duplicate transmission ....................................................... 308
20.3.12 Beamforming ....................................................................................................... 309
20.3.12.1 Implicit feedback beamforming....................................................... 310
20.3.12.2 Explicit feedback beamforming....................................................... 312
20.3.12.2.1 CSI Matrices feedback............................................. 312
20.3.12.2.2 CSI Matrices feedback decoding procedure ............ 312
20.3.12.2.3 Example of CSI Matrices feedback encoding.......... 313
20.3.12.2.4 Non-compressed beamforming matrix feedback..... 314
20.3.12.2.5 Compressed beamforming matrix feedback ............ 314
20.3.13 HT Preamble format for sounding PPDUs .......................................................... 316
20.3.13.1 Sounding with a Null Data Packet ................................................... 317
20.3.13.2 Sounding PPDU for calibration ....................................................... 317
20.3.13.3 Sounding PPDU for channel quality assessment ............................. 318
20.3.14 Regulatory requirements...................................................................................... 319
20.3.15 Channel numbering and channelization............................................................... 319
20.3.15.1 Channel allocation in the 2.4 GHz Band ......................................... 319
20.3.15.2 Channel allocation in the 5 GHz band ............................................. 319
20.3.15.3 40 MHz channelization.................................................................... 320
20.3.16 Transmit and receive in-band and out-of-band spurious transmissions .............. 320
20.3.17 Transmitter RF delay ........................................................................................... 320
20.3.18 Slot time............................................................................................................... 320
20.3.19 Transmit and receive port impedance.................................................................. 320
20.3.20 Transmit and receive operating temperature range.............................................. 320
20.3.21 PMD transmit specification ................................................................................. 320
20.3.21.1 Transmit spectrum mask.................................................................. 320
20.3.21.2 Spectral flatness ............................................................................... 321
20.3.21.3 Transmit power ................................................................................ 322
20.3.21.4 Transmit center frequency tolerance................................................ 322
20.3.21.5 Packet alignment.............................................................................. 322
20.3.21.6 Symbol clock frequency tolerance................................................... 323
20.3.21.7 Modulation accuracy........................................................................ 323
20.3.21.7.1 Introduction to Modulation accuracy tests............... 323
20.3.21.7.2 Transmit center frequency leakage .......................... 323
20.3.21.7.3 Transmitter constellation error................................. 323
20.3.21.7.4 Transmitter modulation accuracy (EVM) test ......... 324
20.3.22 HT PMD receiver specification ........................................................................... 325
20.3.22.1 Receiver minimum input sensitivity ................................................ 325
20.3.22.2 Adjacent channel rejection............................................................... 325
20.3.22.3 Non-adjacent channel rejection ....................................................... 326
20.3.22.4 Receiver maximum input level ........................................................ 326
20.3.22.5 Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) sensitivity ................................. 326
20.3.22.5.1 Clear channel assessment (CCA) sensitivity in 20 MHz
326
20.3.22.5.2 Clear channel assessment (CCA) sensitivity in 40 MHz
326
20.3.22.6 Received channel power indicator (RCPI) measurement ................ 327
20.3.22.7 Reduced interframe Space (RIFS) ................................................... 328
20.3.23 PLCP transmit procedure..................................................................................... 328
20.3.24 PLCP receive procedure ...................................................................................... 331
IEEE P802.11n/D11.0, June 2009
Copyright © 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved.
xix
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
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20.4 HT PLME ............................................................................................................................ 335
20.4.1 PLME_SAP sublayer management primitives .................................................... 335
20.4.2 PHY Management Information Base................................................................... 336
20.4.3 TXTIME calculation............................................................................................ 340
20.4.4 PHY characteristics.............................................................................................. 342
20.5 HT PMD sublayer................................................................................................................ 343
20.5.1 Scope and field of application ............................................................................. 343
20.5.2 Overview of service ............................................................................................. 344
20.5.3 Overview of interactions...................................................................................... 344
20.5.4 Basic service and options..................................................................................... 344
20.5.4.1 Status of service primitives.............................................................. 344
20.5.4.2 PMD_SAP peer-to-peer service primitives ..................................... 344
20.5.4.3 PMD_SAP sublayer-to-sublayer service primitives ........................ 344
20.5.4.4 PMD_SAP service primitive parameters......................................... 344
20.5.5 PMD_SAP detailed service specification ............................................................ 344
20.5.5.1 Introduction to PMD_SAP service specification............................. 344
20.5.5.2 PMD_DATA.request ....................................................................... 344
20.5.5.2.1 Function ................................................................... 344
20.5.5.2.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 345
20.5.5.2.3 When generated ....................................................... 345
20.5.5.2.4 Effect of receipt ....................................................... 345
20.5.5.3 PMD_DATA.indication................................................................... 345
20.5.5.3.1 Function ................................................................... 345
20.5.5.3.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 345
20.5.5.3.3 When generated ....................................................... 345
20.5.5.3.4 Effect of receipt ....................................................... 347
20.5.5.4 PMD_TXSTART.request ................................................................ 347
20.5.5.4.1 Function ................................................................... 347
20.5.5.4.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 347
20.5.5.4.3 When generated ....................................................... 347
20.5.5.4.4 Effect of receipt ....................................................... 347
20.5.5.5 PMD_TXEND.request..................................................................... 347
20.5.5.5.1 Function ................................................................... 347
20.5.5.5.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 347
20.5.5.5.3 When generated ....................................................... 347
20.5.5.5.4 Effect of receipt ....................................................... 347
20.5.5.6 PMD_TXEND.confirm.................................................................... 347
20.5.5.6.1 Function ................................................................... 347
20.5.5.6.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 347
20.5.5.6.3 When generated ....................................................... 348
20.5.5.6.4 Effect of receipt ....................................................... 348
20.5.5.7 PMD_TXPWRLVL.request ............................................................ 348
20.5.5.7.1 Function ................................................................... 348
20.5.5.7.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 348
20.5.5.7.3 When generated ....................................................... 348
20.5.5.7.4 Effect of receipt ....................................................... 348
20.5.5.8 PMD_RSSI.indication ..................................................................... 348
20.5.5.8.1 Function ................................................................... 348
20.5.5.8.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 348
20.5.5.8.3 When generated ....................................................... 348
20.5.5.8.4 Effect of receipt ....................................................... 349
20.5.5.9 PMD_RCPI.indication..................................................................... 349
20.5.5.9.1 Function ................................................................... 349
20.5.5.9.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 349
IEEE P802.11n/D11.0, June 2009
xx Copyright © 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved.
This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.
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20.5.5.9.3 When generated ....................................................... 349
20.5.5.9.4 Effect of receipt ....................................................... 349
20.5.5.10 PMD_TX_PARAMETERS.request ................................................ 349
20.5.5.10.1 Function ................................................................... 349
20.5.5.10.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 349
20.5.5.10.3 When generated ....................................................... 349
20.5.5.10.4 Effect of receipt ....................................................... 349
20.5.5.11 PMD_CBW_OFFSET.indication .................................................... 350
20.5.5.11.1 Function ................................................................... 350
20.5.5.11.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 350
20.5.5.11.3 When generated ....................................................... 350
20.5.5.11.4 Effect of receipt ....................................................... 350
20.5.5.12 PMD_CHAN_MAT.indication........................................................ 350
20.5.5.12.1 Function ................................................................... 350
20.5.5.12.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 350
20.5.5.12.3 When generated ....................................................... 350
20.5.5.12.4 Effect of receipt ....................................................... 350
20.5.5.13 PMD_FORMAT.indication ............................................................. 350
20.5.5.13.1 Function ................................................................... 350
20.5.5.13.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................... 351
20.5.5.13.3 When generated ....................................................... 351
20.5.5.13.4 Effect of receipt ....................................................... 351
20.6 Parameters for HT Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) ............................................. 351
Annex A (normative) PICS......................................................................................................................... 362
A.4 PICS proforma–IEEE Std 802.11-2007............................................................................... 362
A.4.3 IUT configuration ................................................................................................ 362
A.4.4 MAC protocol ...................................................................................................... 362
A.4.4.1 MAC protocol capabilities............................................................... 362
A.4.4.3 Frame exchange sequences .............................................................. 363
A.4.4.4 MAC addressing functions .............................................................. 363
A.4.14 QoS base functionality......................................................................................... 364
A.4.16 QoS hybrid coordination function (HCF) controlled channel access (HCCA) ... 365
A.4.20 High Throughput (HT) features........................................................................... 365
A.4.20.1 HT MAC features ............................................................................ 365
A.4.20.2 HT PHY features ............................................................................. 369
Annex C (informative) Formal description of a subset of MAC operation................................................ 377
C.3 State machines for MAC stations ........................................................................................ 377
Annex D (normative) ASN.1 encoding of the MAC and PHY MIB.......................................................... 378
Annex G (informative) An example
Examples of encoding a frame for the OFDM PHYs........................ 434
G.1 Example 1 - BCC encoding ................................................................................................. 434
G.1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 434
G.1.2 The message for the BCC example...................................................................... 435
G.1.5 Generating the DATA bits for the BCC example................................................ 436
G.1.5.1 Delineating, SERVICE field prepending, and zero padding ........... 436
G.1.5.2 Scrambling the BCC example.......................................................... 439
G.1.6 Generating the first DATA symbol for the BCC example .................................. 441
G.1.6.1 Coding the DATA bits..................................................................... 441
G.1.8 The entire packet for the BCC example............................................................... 443
G.2 Generating encoded DATA bits — LDPC example 1......................................................... 453
G.2.1 The message for LDPC example 1 ...................................................................... 453
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