ABAP编程技巧全攻略：实用事务与程序

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本资源是一份详尽的 SAP ABAP 编程指南，共分为九个章节，涵盖了实用事务处理、程序设计、工作流编程、ALV（Advanced List View）控制、对象编程、IDOC（Intermediate Document）编程以及解决基本错误的方法等内容。以下是各章节的主要知识点概述： 1. **有用的事务** (Chapter 1) - **Scheduling Agreements**: 学习如何管理和安排特定的业务交易，如订单的调度。 - **Message Control**: 探索如何处理不同类型的通信，如发货、发票和订单响应，涉及事务代码的使用。 - **IDOC Administration and Development**: 阐述IDOC的管理和创建，包括IDOC类型管理与数据库操作。 - **Requirements Coding**: 提供了关于如何编写满足业务需求的代码的指导。 - **Sales Transactions**: 涉及销售相关的事务处理，可能包括交易流程和数据处理。 - **General Programming**: 包含通用编程技巧和共享的数据表。 2. **有用的程序** (Chapter 2) - **Function Modules**: 学习关键功能模块的使用，如USEREXIT_KOMKBV1_FILL，用于定制化用户界面；MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE 用于分发IDOC；IDOC_STATUS_WRITE_TO_DATABASE，用于处理IDOC状态；IDOC_TYPE_COMPLETE_READ，用于读取完整的IDOC类型信息。 - **Programs**: 介绍几个实用程序，如RHSOBJCH用于修复SPDCONTROL TABLES的问题，RV80HGEN可能用于生成或处理某种特定任务，而SCHEDULINGOFSYSTEMMAINTENANCEJOBS则关注系统维护作业的调度。 3. **通用编程** (Chapter 3) 包括基础编程概念和技术，可能涉及循环、条件语句、异常处理等。 4. **工作流编程** (Chapter 4) 讲解如何设计和管理企业流程中的自动化任务和规则。 5. **ALV Grid Control** (Chapter 5) 教授如何使用高级列表视图控件，展示和操作数据集。 6. **对象编程** (Chapter 6) 针对面向对象的编程技术在ABAP中的应用，如类和对象的定义与交互。 7. **IDOC编程** (Chapter 7) 全面探讨IDoc在SAP系统中的集成和数据交换。 8. **Basis Errors and Resolutions** (Chapter 8) 提供在开发过程中常见错误的识别与解决策略，帮助开发者快速定位和修复问题。 9. **索引** (Chapter 9) 提供了一个便于查找各个主题的快速参考指南。通过这份指南，读者将能深入了解SAP ABAP编程的关键技巧和最佳实践，无论是初级开发人员还是经验丰富的专业人士，都能从中受益匪浅。每个章节的内容都是针对实际工作中可能会遇到的问题，旨在提高编程效率和系统的稳定性。

ABAP Programming Tips Page 16 of 157

EXCEPTIONS

NOT_FOUND = 1

NO_REPORT = 2

OTHERS = 3

IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.

MESSAGE ID

SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO

WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.

ENDIF.

SUBMIT (SY-REPID)

WITH SELECTION-TABLE LO_SELTAB.

3.3.2 Tree Reports

STEP ONE – ADD THESE LINES OF CODE IN THE DECLARATION AREA

**** DECLARATION

DATA: BEGIN OF items OCCURS 100,

id type sy-tabix,

parent_id type sy-tabix,

text(1000),

symbol,

END OF items,

tabix_stack LIKE sy-tabix OCCURS 10 WITH HEADER LINE,

items_show LIKE items OCCURS 100 WITH HEADER LINE.

DATA: parent_stack LIKE sy-tabix OCCURS 10 WITH HEADER LINE,

t_parent LIKE sy-tabix,

current LIKE sy-tabix.

INCLUDE <symbol>.

INCLUDE ZTREE_REPORT_INCLUDES.

STEP TWO – ADD THESE LINES OF CODE TO POPULATE THE INTERNAL TABLE

**** POPULATE DATA

REFRESH parent_stack. current = 0.

parent_stack = 0. APPEND parent_stack.

LOOP AT itab_data.

CASE itab_data-qualf.

WHEN 1. “New parent

current = current + 1.

PERFORM read_from_parent_stack CHANGING t_parent.

parent_stack = current. APPEND parent_stack.

PERFORM append_item USING current

t_parent

itab_xml_data.

WHEN 2. “End of current leg

current = current + 1.

PERFORM append_item USING current

t_parent

itab_xml_data.

perform delete_parent_stack.

WHEN 3. “Same level

current = current + 1.

PERFORM read_from_parent_stack CHANGING t_parent.

PERFORM append_item USING current

t_parent

itab_xml_data.

ENDCASE.

ENDLOOP.

STEP THREE – ADD THESE LINES OF CODE TO PRINT THE REPORT

LOOP AT items WHERE parent_id = 0.

MOVE-CORRESPONDING items TO items_show.

items_show-symbol = '+'.

APPEND items_show.

ENDLOOP.

PERFORM print_tree TABLES items_show.

STEP FOUR – ADD THESE LINES OF CODE TO EXPAND \ COLLAPSE THE TREE

* at line-selection - when the node is opened/closed or item double-clk

AT LINE-SELECTION.

READ TABLE items WITH KEY parent_id = items_show-id. "see 'hide'

ABAP Programming Tips Page 17 of 157

IF sy-subrc = 0. "item has children - expand or collapse

sy-lsind = 0.

PERFORM expand_collapse USING items_show-id.

PERFORM print_tree TABLES items_show.

ELSE. "item has NO children - perform some action

READ TABLE items WITH KEY id = items_show-id.

WRITE: 'Action performed on item "' NO-GAP, items-text NO-GAP,

'", id.', items-id.

ENDIF.

STEP FIVE – ADD THIS INCLUDE CODE

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*

* INCLUDE ZTREE_REPORT_INCLUDES *

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*

* form append_item

FORM append_item USING value(id) value(parent_id) value(text).

items-id = id.

items-parent_id = parent_id.

items-text = text.

APPEND items.

ENDFORM. " APPEND_ITEM

* form read_from_stack

FORM read_from_stack CHANGING tabix LIKE sy-tabix.

DESCRIBE TABLE tabix_stack.

CHECK sy-tfill NE 0.

READ TABLE tabix_stack INDEX sy-tfill.

tabix = tabix_stack.

DELETE tabix_stack INDEX sy-tfill.

ENDFORM.

* form print tree

FORM print_tree TABLES items STRUCTURE items.

DATA: v_tabix LIKE sy-tabix,

start_tabix LIKE sy-tabix,

v_level LIKE sy-tfill,

v_offset TYPE i,

v_id LIKE items-id,

v_parent_id LIKE items-parent_id,

v_parent_id_for_vline LIKE items-parent_id,

v_prev_level TYPE i,

v_items_count LIKE sy-tfill,

v_vlines_string(200).

CHECK NOT items[] IS INITIAL.

SORT items BY parent_id id.

READ TABLE items INDEX 1.

v_parent_id = items-parent_id.

start_tabix = 1.

REFRESH tabix_stack.

DO.

LOOP AT items FROM start_tabix.

v_tabix = start_tabix = sy-tabix. "remember current index

v_id = items-id.

v_parent_id_for_vline = items-parent_id.

* decrease level and exit loop if parent not the same as previous

IF items-parent_id NE v_parent_id.

PERFORM read_from_stack CHANGING start_tabix. "level = NoOfRecs

READ TABLE items INDEX start_tabix.

v_parent_id = items-parent_id.

ADD 1 TO start_tabix. "next loop starts from parent index + 1

* clear vline

IF v_level > 1.

v_offset = 2 + ( v_level - 2 ) * 3.

IF v_level = 1. v_offset = 1. ENDIF.

v_vlines_string+v_offset = ' '.

ENDIF.

EXIT.

ENDIF.

v_parent_id = items-parent_id.

* write item

FORMAT COLOR OFF.

DESCRIBE TABLE tabix_stack LINES v_level."level is no of StackRecs

WRITE: / v_vlines_string.

v_offset = v_level * 3.

IF v_level NE 0.

ABAP Programming Tips Page 18 of 157

IF v_prev_level < v_level.

WRITE: AT v_offset '|', / ''.

WRITE: / v_vlines_string.

ENDIF.

v_offset = v_level * 3.

WRITE AT v_offset '|--'.

ENDIF.

v_offset = v_offset + 3.

CASE items-symbol.

WHEN '+'.

WRITE AT v_offset sym_plus_folder AS SYMBOL

COLOR 4 INTENSIFIED HOTSPOT.

WHEN '-'.

WRITE AT v_offset sym_minus_folder AS SYMBOL

COLOR 4 INTENSIFIED HOTSPOT.

WHEN OTHERS. FORMAT COLOR 5.

ENDCASE.

WRITE: items-text.

v_prev_level = v_level.

HIDE: items-id.

ADD 1 TO v_items_count.

READ TABLE items WITH KEY parent_id = items-id.

* increase level and exit loop if item has children

IF sy-subrc = 0.

start_tabix = sy-tabix.

APPEND v_tabix TO tabix_stack. "level is no of recs in stack

v_parent_id = items-parent_id.

* set vline

v_tabix = v_tabix + 1.

READ TABLE items INDEX v_tabix.

v_offset = 2 + ( v_level - 1 ) * 3.

IF v_level > 0.

IF items-parent_id = v_parent_id_for_vline AND sy-subrc = 0.

v_vlines_string+v_offset = '|'.

ELSE.

v_vlines_string+v_offset = ' '.

ENDIF.

EXIT.

ENDIF.

* at last - decrease level

AT LAST.

* clear vline

IF v_level > 1.

v_offset = 2 + ( v_level - 2 ) * 3.

IF v_level = 1. v_offset = 1. ENDIF.

v_vlines_string+v_offset = ' '.

ENDIF.

" next loop starts from parent index, not parent index + 1

" because of different parents level will decrease anyway

PERFORM read_from_stack CHANGING start_tabix.

APPEND start_tabix TO tabix_stack. "must return index to stack

ENDAT.

ENDLOOP.

DESCRIBE TABLE items.

IF start_tabix > sy-tfill OR v_items_count >= sy-tfill.

EXIT.

ENDIF.

ENDDO.

ENDFORM.

* form expand_collapse

FORM expand_collapse USING value(v_id).

DATA: v_no_more_orphans,

items_temp LIKE items OCCURS 100 WITH HEADER LINE.

DELETE items_show WHERE parent_id = v_id. "try to collapse

IF sy-subrc = 0. "succesfull first collapse

DO. "cascade collapse - delete 'orphans' that are left

REFRESH items_temp.

MOVE items_show[] TO items_temp[].

SORT items_temp BY id.

v_no_more_orphans = 'X'.

LOOP AT items_show WHERE parent_id NE ''.

READ TABLE items_temp WITH KEY id = items_show-parent_id

BINARY SEARCH TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS.

IF sy-subrc NE 0. "no parent - it's an orphan

CLEAR v_no_more_orphans.

ABAP Programming Tips Page 19 of 157

DELETE items_show.

ENDIF.

ENDLOOP.

IF v_no_more_orphans = 'X'. EXIT. ENDIF.

ENDDO.

items_show-symbol = '+'.

MODIFY items_show TRANSPORTING symbol WHERE id = v_id.

ELSE. "unsuccessfull collapse - expand

items_show-symbol = '-'.

MODIFY items_show TRANSPORTING symbol WHERE id = v_id.

LOOP AT items WHERE parent_id = v_id. "show children

APPEND items TO items_show.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT items_show WHERE parent_id = v_id. "check grandchildren

READ TABLE items WITH KEY parent_id = items_show-id.

IF sy-subrc = 0.

items_show-symbol = '+'.

ELSE.

items_show-symbol = ''.

ENDIF.

MODIFY items_show.

ENDLOOP.

ENDIF.

ENDFORM.

* form read_from_parent_stack

FORM read_from_parent_stack CHANGING tabix LIKE sy-tabix.

DESCRIBE TABLE parent_stack.

CHECK sy-tfill NE 0.

READ TABLE parent_stack INDEX sy-tfill.

tabix = parent_stack.

* DELETE tabix_stack INDEX sy-tfill.

ENDFORM.

*& Form delete_parent_stack

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

form delete_parent_stack.

DESCRIBE TABLE parent_stack.

CHECK sy-tfill NE 0.

DELETE parent_stack INDEX sy-tfill.

endform. " delete_parent_stack

3.3.3 Initializing date ranges on selection-options

selection-screen begin of block g1 with frame title text-000.

select-options: s_docdat for vbak-erdat. "Document date

selection-screen end of block g1.

* Initialization *

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*

initialization.

* Default dates to dsel screen

move 'I' to s_docdat-sign.

move 'BT' to s_docdat-option.

move sy-datum to s_docdat-high.

subtract 7 from sy-datum.

move sy-datum to s_docdat-low.

append s_docdat.

SELECT-OPTIONS T1 FOR MBEW-MATNR MEMORY ID MAT.

3.3.4 Report headings

top-of-page.

perform top.

form top.

uline.

write: / sy-vline no-gap,

(79) text-001 color col_heading intensified,

80 sy-vline,

/ sy-vline no-gap,

(79) text-002 color col_heading intensified off,

80 sy-vline,

/ sy-vline no-gap,

(79) text-003 color col_heading intensified off,

80 sy-vline.

ABAP Programming Tips Page 20 of 157

uline.

endform.

3.3.5 Popup selection – Get Filename

* See program RSSPO410 for examples of this FM

DATA: returncode LIKE sy-subrc,

filestring TYPE string.

DATA: BEGIN OF fields OCCURS 2.

INCLUDE STRUCTURE sval.

DATA: END OF fields.

CLEAR fields.

fields-tabname = 'RLGRAP'.

fields-fieldname = 'FILENAME'.

fields-value = 'C:\TEST.XLS'.

fields-field_attr = '00'.

APPEND fields.

CALL FUNCTION 'POPUP_GET_VALUES'

EXPORTING

POPUP_TITLE = TEXT-026

IMPORTING

RETURNCODE = RETURNCODE

TABLES

FIELDS = fields

EXCEPTIONS

ERROR_IN_FIELDS = 1

OTHERS = 2.

CHECK RETURNCODE EQ SPACE.

filestring = fields-value.

3.3.6 Checkboxes in reports

To put a delete button on the screen (Fcode = DELETE) with a checkbox on each line.

at user-command.

case sy-ucomm.

when 'DELETE'.

do counter times.

read line sy-index.

if sy-lisel(1) = 'X'. “Holds line content and sy-lisel(1) will be X when checked

select single * from ……

endif.

enddo.

perform write_report.

sy-lsind = 0.

endcase.

form write_report.

select * from ….

write: / pick as checkbox,

……

hide: …….

endselect.

counter = sy-dbcnt + 7. “Cater for header lines

endform. " WRITE_REPORT

start-of-selection.

set pf-status 'STD'.

perform write_report.

3.3.7 List Boxes on Selection Screens

Here is a short example of using list boxes on selection screens:

PROGRAM ztest.

TYPE-POOLS: vrm.

DATA: name TYPE vrm_id, list TYPE vrm_values, value LIKE LINE OF list.

PARAMETERS: ps_parm(10) AS LISTBOX VISIBLE LENGTH 10.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT.

name = 'PS_PARM'.

value-key = '1'. value-text = 'Line 1'. APPEND value TO list.

value-key = '2'. value-text = 'Line 2'. APPEND value TO list.

CALL FUNCTION 'VRM_SET_VALUES' EXPORTING id = name values = list.

START-OF-SELECTION.

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