非阿贝尔暗物质与暗辐射的新模型

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"这篇研究论文发表在Physics Letters B 768 (2017) 12-17期，由P.Ko、Yong Tang等人撰写，探讨了残留的非阿贝尔暗物质和暗辐射的概念。文章指出，他们提出的新颖粒子物理学模型中，矢量暗物质（VDM）和暗辐射（DR）都源自一个非阿贝尔暗区。通过一个具体的例子，他们展示了如何在SU（3）基本表示中的复标量非零真空期望值（VEV）作用下，暗色SU（3）自发地分解为SU（2）子群。这种分解过程中产生的无质量规范玻色子与未被破坏的SU（2）相关，构成了暗辐射，并可能有助于解决哈勃常数测量中的张力问题。" 这篇研究深入到宇宙学的微观层面，探讨了暗物质和暗辐射之间的关系。非阿贝尔暗物质通常指的是那些不遵循阿贝尔群规则的暗物质粒子，这与标准模型中的粒子行为不同。在模型中，矢量暗物质是一种特殊的暗物质类型，具有矢量性质，与普通物质和光子等阿贝尔粒子不同。作者通过引入一个复杂的标量场，使得暗SU（3）群能够自发地打破对称性，从而产生一个新的SU（2）子群。暗辐射是宇宙中除可见光和其他已知形式的辐射之外的假设性能量形式，它可能是宇宙早期膨胀阶段遗留下来的。在这一模型中，暗辐射由与未破裂的SU（2）子群相关的无质量规范玻色子组成。这些无质量粒子的存在对于理解宇宙的早期状态和当前观测到的宇宙微波背景辐射（CMB）的特性至关重要。此外，研究中提及的哈勃常数的测量张力是当前天体物理学的一个重要问题。不同的观测方法给出了哈勃常数的不同值，这可能导致对宇宙膨胀速率和宇宙年龄的估计出现差异。作者提出的模型提出暗辐射可能在某种程度上缓解这种张力，因为暗辐射可以影响宇宙的早期膨胀速度，从而影响哈勃常数的估计。这篇文章提出了一种创新的理论框架，尝试统一解释暗物质和暗辐射的来源，并尝试解决宇宙学中的实际问题。这个模型不仅加深了我们对暗物质和暗辐射本质的理解，还为解决天文学中的观测矛盾提供了新的思考方向。

Physics Letters B 768 (2017) 12–17

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Physics Letters B

www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb

Residual non-Abelian dark matter and dark radiation

P. Ko

a,b

, Yong Tang

a,c,∗

Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea

Quantum Universe Center, KIAS, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 133-0033, Japan

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history:

Received

5 November 2016

Received

in revised form 11 January 2017

Accepted

14 February 2017

Available

online 20 February 2017

Editor:

J. Hisano

We propose a novel particle physics model in which vector dark matter (VDM) and dark radiation (DR)

originate from the same non-Abelian dark sector. We show an illustrating example where dark SU(3) is

spontaneously broken into SU(2) subgroup by the nonzero vacuum expectation value (VEV) of a complex

scalar in fundamental representation of SU(3). The massless gauge bosons associated with the residual

unbroken SU(2) constitute DR and help to relieve the tension in Hubble constant measurements between

Planck and Hubble Space Telescope. In the meantime, massive dark gauge bosons associated with the

broken generators are VDM candidates. Intrinsically, this non-Abelian VDM can interact with non-Abelian

DR in the cosmic background, which results in a suppressed matter power spectrum and leads to a

smaller σ

for structure formation.

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP

1. Introduction

It has been well established that about 25% of energy density

in our Universe is made of non-baryonic dark matter (DM). From

the perspective of particle physics, weakly-interacting massive par-

ticle

(WIMP) is one of the nicely motivated candidates. In WIMP

scenario, DM is in thermal equilibrium with standard model (SM)

particles at high temperature and freezes out at later time. Such

an optimistic framework has triggered enthusiastic DM searches

in direct, indirect and collider detection experiments. However, we

have to admit that so far all conﬁrmed evidence for DM is only

from gravitational interaction, which leaves wide possibilities for

DM’s particle identities.

Recently,

there are renewed interests in interacting DM–DR

models [1–9] which could have distinguishing effects on large

scale structure. Depending on the DM–DR interactions, these ef-

fects

can be similar to baryonic acoustic oscillation or dramatically

different. Motivations for such models are at least twofold. One

is that the DR component could help to resolve the conﬂict be-

tween

Planck [10] and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data [11].

The other is that interaction between DM and DR can give a

smaller σ

for structure growth, suggested by low redshift mea-

Corresponding author.

E-mail

address: ytang@hep-th.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp (Y. Tang).

surements, such as weak lensing survey CFHTLenS [12]. These ten-

sions

have stimulated various investigations on cosmological mod-

els [6,9,13–19].

this paper, we propose a new scenario where DM and DR

have the same origin from a single Yang–Mills dark sector, unlike

early attempts where DM and DR have different identities [1–9].

In our framework presented below, a non-Abelian gauge group is

spontaneously broken into its non-Abelian subgroup. The mass-

less

gauge boson associated with the residual subgroup consti-

tutes

non-Abelian DR, while other massive gauge bosons make

non-Abelian VDM candidates. Naturally, VDM can interact with DR

through the original Yang–Mills gauge interactions, inducing some

observable effects on cosmology and astrophysics.

This

paper is organized as follows. In Sec. 2, we start with

an explicit example where dark SU(3) is broken to its subgroup

SU(2) by nonzero VEV of a complex scalar belonging to the funda-

mental

representation of SU(3). Then we generalize to dark SU(N)

that is broken into SU(N − 1), and give a brief proof why the

massive gauge bosons are stable and therefore make good DM

candidates. Next in Sec. 3, we discuss some phenomenologies and

constraints on such a class of models, especially on DM–DR scat-

tering,

DM self-interaction and DR’s contributions to N

eff

. Then in

Sec. 4, we estimate how DM’s relic density can be satisﬁed with

freeze-in process. Later in Sec. 5 we illustrate the effects on matter

power spectra in the interacting DM–DR scenario. Finally, we give

our conclusion.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.02.033

0370-2693/

SCOAP

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