Windows 2000 WMI与ACPI系统监控

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"这篇文档是关于Windows 2000操作系统中的硬件工程和管理工具，主要探讨了Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) 和Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) 在系统监控和管理中的应用。" 在Windows 2000时代，Windows Instrumentation (WMI) 是一个强大的管理系统和收集系统信息的框架，它允许开发者和系统管理员通过标准接口访问操作系统、硬件、网络设备等的详细状态。WMI是Windows操作系统中实现Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) 标准的关键部分，旨在提供跨平台的管理能力。 ACPI是硬件设备和操作系统之间的一个接口，用于实现电源管理和配置的标准化。在Windows 2000及Windows 98 OSR1中，OEM（原始设备制造商）可以通过在他们制造的系统中包含ACPI对象，来提供仪器仪表信息，这些信息会被WMI识别并利用。通过这种方式，OEM可以利用一个通用的映射驱动程序，使得WMI能够将这些信息暴露给仪器数据消费者。文档指出，ACPI子系统内含丰富的仪器仪表信息，但这些信息并不直接对如WBEM这样的数据消费者开放。因此，OEM被鼓励使用ACPI来添加特定于平台的额外监控信息。然而，ACPI对象并不易于这些工具直接访问。这意味着OEM需要按照特定的规则和方法，将ACPI对象的信息转换成WMI能够理解和处理的形式。为了充分利用WMI和ACPI，读者需要了解Windows操作系统下的驱动映射原理，以及WMI的DataBlock GUID Mapping控制方法。相关的背景知识和详细信息，可以在微软提供的在线资源中找到，这为开发者和系统管理员提供了进一步研究和实践的路径。这篇文档为系统制造商和IT专业人员提供了一种方法，通过整合ACPI和WMI，提高系统管理和监控的效率，同时也为开发自定义的管理解决方案提供了基础。对于那些希望深入了解Windows 2000时代系统管理技术的人来说，这篇文档具有很高的参考价值。

Note: The Win32 provider capabilities used to read and populate SMBIOS data as described above will be available in Windows 2000 Beta 3.

ACPI Control Method Naming Conventions and Functionality for Windows 2000

Instrumentation

The Data Block GUID Mapping control method named _WDG evaluates to a buffer that has the GUID mapping information for data blocks, events, and WMI methods. The result of the evaluation is

a buffer containing an array of the following structure.

typedef struct

{

GUID guid; // GUID that names data block

union

{

CHAR ObjectId[2]; // 2-character ACPI ID (Data Blocks and Methods)

struct

{

UCHAR NotificationValue; // Byte value passed by event handler control method

UCHAR Reserved[1];

} NotifyId;

}

USHORT InstanceCount; // Number of separate instances of data block

USHORT Flags; // Flags

};

// Set this flag if the WCxx control method should be run to whenever the first

// data consumer is interested in collecting the data block and whenever the last data

// consumer is no longer interested.

#define WMIACPI_REGFLAG_EXPENSIVE 0x1

// Set this flag if the GUID represents a set of WMI method calls and not a data block

#define WMIACPI_REGFLAG_METHOD 0x2

// Set this flag if the data block is wholly composed of a string and should be

// translated from ASCIZ to UNICODE in returning queries and from UNICODE to ASCIZ

// when passing sets

#define WMIACPI_REGFLAG_STRING 0x04

// Set this flag if the guid maps to an event rather than a data block or method

#define WMIACPI_REGFLAG_EVENT 0x08

Each element in the array describes the mapping of a WMI data block GUID to a 2-letter ACPI method identifier used to compose the method names that operate on the data block or on the

notification value used in the ASL Notify operation. Each element of the array also contains the number of instances of the data block that exist and any flags that are set.

This control method is required.

The following table summarizes the information for each control method described later in this section.

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