Windows PowerShell 2.0编程入门指南

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"Windows PowerShell 2.0 是微软推出的一款强大的命令行脚本环境，主要用于管理和自动化Windows操作系统。这本书《Microsoft Windows PowerShell 2.0 Programming for the Absolute Beginner》由Jerry Lee Ford, Jr.撰写，旨在帮助初学者理解并掌握PowerShell 2.0的基本概念和编程技巧。本书由Course Technology PTR出版，属于Cengage Learning的一部分，涵盖了多个地区发行版，包括澳大利亚、巴西、日本、韩国、墨西哥、新加坡、西班牙和美国。在本书中，读者将学习到如何使用PowerShell 2.0进行任务自动化，包括创建脚本、处理对象、管理文件系统、工作流以及与WMI（Windows Management Instrumentation）和.NET Framework交互。内容涉及了PowerShell的基础语法、命令行界面、管道、筛选器、函数、模块、脚本编写以及错误处理等核心概念。此外，书中还详细介绍了PowerShell的命令行工具，如Get-Command、Get-Help和Get-Member，这些工具对于日常操作至关重要。技术审阅者Keith Davenport的专业审核确保了内容的准确性和实用性。书中的章节结构设计得循序渐进，让学习过程更加顺畅。内部布局Tech：ValueChain确保了内容的易读性，封面设计师Mike Tanamachi赋予了书籍专业且吸引人的外观。索引员Kevin Broccoli的工作使得查找特定主题变得轻松，而校对员Sara Gullion则保证了书籍的质量。《Microsoft Windows PowerShell 2.0 Programming for the Absolute Beginner》是入门PowerShell 2.0的理想资源，无论是对系统管理员还是开发者，都能从中获取到宝贵的知识，提升Windows环境下的工作效率。尽管现在PowerShell已经发展到了更高级的版本，但2.0版本的基础知识仍然非常重要，对于理解后续版本的更新和改进具有基础性作用。" 此资源主要涵盖的知识点包括： 1. PowerShell基础语法和命令行接口 2. PowerShell对象模型和数据类型 3. 脚本编写，包括函数、模块和变量 4. 使用PowerShell进行文件系统管理 5. 错误处理和调试技巧 6. 通过管道和筛选器处理数据 7. 与WMI和.NET Framework的交互 8. 自动化任务和工作流 9. 命令行工具的使用，如Get-Command、Get-Help和Get-Member 10. PowerShell环境的配置和优化通过学习这些知识点，读者可以逐步成为PowerShell 2.0的熟练使用者，从而更好地管理和维护Windows环境。

thus preserving any knowledge and experience you may already bring with you while also

introducing you to a whole new set of capabilities.

Microsoft provides the Windows PowerShell as a free add-on to Windows operating systems.

Its scripting language has been designed from the ground up to support object-based pro-

gramming, thus providing systems administrators and computer hobbyists with a tool for

automating just about any Windows activity.

Windows PowerShell makes for a great starter language for first-time programmers and hob-

byists. Professional programmers will also benefit from Windows PowerShell’s scripting

technology, which provides more robust and powerful scripting capabilities than that pro-

vided by any other Windows scripting language. You will find that more often than not, you

can develop scripts to automate a given task much more quickly and efficiently using the

Windows PowerShell than can be done using other scripting languages, thus saving valuable

time and freeing you up to move on to tackle other tasks.

In short, whether you are interested in learning your first programming language or are look-

ing for an introduction to PowerShell scripting that teaches you how to develop PowerShell

scripts with which you can leverage your existing knowledge of .NET programming, this book

should serve you well. If Windows is your operating system of choice, Windows PowerShell

scripting provides access to a scripting environment that is unmatched by other scripting

languages. In addition, learning Windows PowerShell scripting will provide you with a pro-

gramming background from which you can then make the jump to other .NET programming

languages.

This book will teach you Windows PowerShell scripting and will demonstrate how to leverage

the scripting capabilities provided by both Windows PowerShell 1.0 and 2.0. To help make

learning fun and interesting, you will learn how to program through the development of

computer games. By the time you have finished this book, not only will you have access to a

collection of working sample scripts, you also will have laid a foundation upon which you

can begin to tackle real-world challenges.

HOULD

EAD

HIS

OOK

My goals in writing this book are to show you how to interact with the Windows PowerShell,

to teach you the fundamentals of how to develop and execute PowerShell scripts, and to help

you become an effective programmer. I do not make any assumptions regarding your previous

programming experience, although prior programming experience is obviously helpful. I do,

however, expect you to have a working familiarity with Windows.

I think that you will find this book’s unique approach of teaching through the development

of computer games both entertaining and highly productive. Learning through the creation

Introduction

of computer games not only helps keep things fun but it also provides a unique opportunity

to experiment with a programming language.

If you are a first-time programmer or a computer hobbyist, you should find this book’s sys-

tematic building block approach to programming very helpful, allowing you to master basic

fundamentals before moving on to more advanced topics. By investing your time and energy

in learning how to program using Windows PowerShell scripting, you will develop a pro-

gramming foundation that translates well to other scripting languages such as VBScript,

JavaScript, Python, Ruby, and Perl, as well as .NET programming languages such as C#, C++,

and Visual Basic. Professional programmers will also benefit from this book by using it as a

quick start guide to PowerShell scripting.

HAT

EED TO

EGIN

In order to work with Windows PowerShell, your computer must run one of the following

operating systems.

• Windows XP

• Windows Server 2003

• Windows Vista

• Window Server 2008

When writing this book, I worked on a computer running Windows Vista. Therefore, all of

the figures and examples that you will see were generated on that particular operating sys-

tem. However, everything you see should apply to Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, and

Windows Server 2008 as well.

The examples shown in this book were developed using Windows PowerShell 2.0 CTP2. CTP2

stands for Community Technology Preview version 2 and is an advanced version of Windows

PowerShell. According to the Windows PowerShell Team blog (http://blogs.msdn.com/

powershell/), PowerShell CTP2 is a feature set complete version of Windows PowerShell. As

such, it should look, act, and behave very much like the general release version of PowerShell

2.0 when it is finally released. Except where specifically noted, most of the examples that you

will see in this book apply to Windows PowerShell 1.0 as well. However, I have to tell you

upfront, that as good as Windows PowerShell 1.0 is, Windows PowerShell 2.0’s new features

really take things to the next level and you should consider starting out with Windows Pow-

erShell 2.0 CTP2, or the General Release Version as soon as it becomes available.

In addition to running a supported operating system, both PowerShell 1.0 and 2.0 require

that your computer must also have Microsoft .NET Framework version 2.0 or higher installed.

Windows PowerShell 2.0 CTP2 includes additional features not found in Windows PowerShell

1.0. These features include support for remote and background jobs. As of the writing of

Microsoft Windows PowerShell 2.0 Programming for the Absolute Beginner, Second Edition

xvi

this book, Windows PowerShell only supported this feature on Windows Vista with Service

Pack 1 and Windows Server 2008. Windows PowerShell 2.0 CTP2 also introduces a new

Out-GridView cmdlet and a graphical Windows PowerShell editor that requires .NET Frame-

work 3.0 in order to run and a new

Get_Event cmdlet that requires .NET Framework 3.5. So, if

you want to really take advantage of everything this new version of PowerShell has to offer,

you need to install the latest version of the .NET Framework.

As of the writing of this book, both versions of Windows PowerShell were provided as a

free download by Microsoft and could be downloaded and installed from the Microsoft

PowerShell website located at http://www.microsoft.com/technet/scriptcenter/topics/winpsh/

pshell2.mspx. When downloading the newest version of Windows PowerShell make sure you

download Windows PowerShell CTP2 or a later version of Windows PowerShell and not an

earlier Windows PowerShell CTP version.

If necessary, you can get the latest version of .NET by going to http://msdn.microsoft.com/

netframework/.

To follow along with all of the topics and exercises presented in this book, you will need a

supported version of Windows, .NET 3.0, and a copy of Windows PowerShell 2.0. Alternatively,

if you want to just focus in on PowerShell 1.0, all you need is .NET 2.0 and Windows PowerShell

1.0. Windows PowerShell 2.0 comes equipped with a brand new graphical editor. However, if

you are working with PowerShell 1.0, you will need a text editor with which you will create

and save PowerShell script files. For starters, you can use the Windows Notepad application.

However, you may find it beneficial to download and install a code editor that is specifically

designed to support PowerShell script development. If you skip ahead to Appendix B, “What

Next?,” you will find information about two such applications, both of which were free as of

the time of this writing.

HIS

OOK

RGANIZED

As I sat down to work on the second edition of this book and update its overall design and

structure, I did so with the intention that it be read from cover to cover. However, if you

have prior programming experience, you may instead choose to read this book by going

through the first two chapters in order to learn a few specifics about working with Windows

PowerShell. You might then jump around a bit to different chapters based on your specific

needs and experience. However, Windows PowerShell comes equipped with an entirely new

programming language. As such, it is probably a good idea that you spend some time reading

Chapters 4 through 7, which cover the basics of the Windows PowerShell scripting language.

Also, to help make things as simple as possible, I decided to use the term Windows PowerShell

whenever addressing topics that apply to both Windows PowerShell 1.0 and 2.0 and only

Introduction

xvii

to use the term Windows PowerShell 2.0 when addressing topics specific to that version of

PowerShell.

Microsoft Windows PowerShell 2.0 Programming for the Absolute Beginner is organized into four

parts. Part I is made up of three chapters that focus on providing you with an introduction

to the PowerShell and its capabilities. These chapters outline the basic steps involved in

interacting with the PowerShell command prompt and in creating and executing PowerShell

scripts, and they provide an overview of object-based scripting and the PowerShell’s relation-

ship with the .NET Framework.

Part II consists of four chapters, which together provide you with a review of the PowerShell

scripting language. Each chapter focuses on a different collection of topics. You will learn

how to store and retrieve data. You will also learn how to implement conditional logic and

to set up loops in order to automate repetitive tasks and process large collections of data.

Lastly, you will learn how to improve the overall organization of your PowerShell scripts using

functions.

Part III is made up of three chapters, each of which covers an advanced topic. These topics

include learning how to work with files and folders, developing PowerShell scripts to auto-

mate system administration tasks, and learning how to track down and debug errors.

Finally, Part IV consists of two appendices and a glossary. The appendices address the material

that you will find on this book’s companion website as well as provide you with suggestions

on where you can go online to learn more about Windows PowerShell. Lastly, the glossary

provides access to a comprehensive list of terms used throughout the book.

A detailed review of the information provided by each chapter of this book is provided here.

•C

Chapter 1, “Introducing Windows PowerShell.”

This chapter provides an introductory

overview of the Windows PowerShell. You will learn about the different technologies

that make up and support Windows PowerShell, including object-oriented program-

ming and the .NET Framework. You will also learn how to start the PowerShell and to

interact with it using commands and cmdlets. In addition, you will learn how to con-

figure the PowerShell to run scripts and support remote script and command execution

and to develop and execute your first PowerShell script.

•C

Chapter 2, “Interacting with the Windows PowerShell Command

Line. and Graph-

ical Environment”

This chapter provides a thorough review of how to interact with the

Windows PowerShell command line and how to work with its built-in cmdlets. You will

also learn to access help information and to formulate command input. You will learn

how to configure the PowerShell Console and to work the Windows PowerShell 2.0’s

graphical development environment.

Microsoft Windows PowerShell 2.0 Programming for the Absolute Beginner, Second Edition

xviii

•

Chapter 3, “Object-Based Scripting with .NET.”

Windows PowerShell requires .NET in

order to execute. This chapter provides an overview of .NET and its relationship to

Windows PowerShell. You will learn about the .NET class library and how to work with

structured objects and to work with background jobs and aliases.

•

Chapter 4, “Working with Variables, Arrays, and Hashes.”

This chapter’s primary

focus is to show you different ways that you can store and retrieve data. This will include

learning how to define and access variables, arrays, and hashes. You will also learn how

to work with PowerShell’s special variables.

•C

Chapter 5, “Implementing Conditional Logic.”

In this chapter you will learn how to

apply conditional logic in order to analyze data and selectively choose between different

logical execution paths. You will learn how to evaluate strings, numbers, and Boolean

data.

•C

Chapter 6, “Using Loops to Process Data.”

This chapter shows you how to create loops

in order to efficiently execute commands over and over again, thus facilitating the pro-

cessing of large amounts of data. You will also learn how to conditionally break out of

loops when predetermined conditions occur.

•C

Chapter 7, “Organizing Scripts Using Functions.”

This chapter introduces you to

functions and explains how to use them to improve the overall organization and read-

ability of your PowerShell script files. This includes learning how to call on functions

for execution as well as how to pass arguments to functions for processing and to set up

functions to return data back to calling statements.

•C

Chapter 8, “Working with Files and Folders.”

This chapter will teach you how to in-

teract with and control files, folders, and disks. You will learn how to open and close

files and to read and write information to and from them. You will learn how to work

with regular expressions and to perform all kinds of string management operations. You

will also learn how to use PowerShell 2.0’s new

Out-GridView cmdlet to display output

in a format that supports both searching and sorting.

•C

Chapter 9, “Basic System Administration.”

The primary focus of this chapter is to

demonstrate how to develop PowerShell scripts that automate various system adminis-

tration tasks, such as how to access system information and network resources. You will

learn how to interact with the Windows registry, remotely execute scripts, develop your

own custom cmdlets, and even to automate script execution based on the occurrence of

predefined events.

•C

Chapter 10, “Debugging PowerShell Scripts.”

This chapter focuses on teaching you

how to track down and fix any error that may occur as you work on your PowerShell

scripts. The topics covered include how to trap and recover from errors using

Try-

Introduction

xix

Catch-Finally

, how to pause script execution by establishing breakpoints, how to

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