微带滤波器在射频/微波应用中的设计与详解

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《微带滤波器在射频/微波应用中的设计与技术》是JIA-SHENG HONG撰写的一本由Wiley-InterScience出版的专业书籍，该书由John Wiley & Sons, Inc.公司发行，涵盖了纽约、奇切斯特、温海姆、布里斯班、新加坡和多伦多等多个地区。本书专注于微带滤波器在射频和微波领域的应用，这是现代通信、雷达系统、无线通信设备以及许多其他电子设备中不可或缺的组成部分。微带滤波器是一种利用微波技术实现信号选择和过滤功能的关键元件。它们基于微带电路原理，利用金属导线（通常为铜或金）和覆盖在其上的介质层来构建，能够在不改变信号频率的情况下，允许特定频率范围内的信号通过而阻挡其他频率的信号。这种设计灵活性使得微带滤波器成为解决复杂信号处理问题的理想解决方案。书中详细介绍了微带滤波器的设计原则，包括但不限于频率响应特性、带宽控制、插入损耗、隔离度优化以及对电磁兼容性的影响等。作者M. J. Lancaster可能讨论了多种设计方法和技术，如腔体滤波器、矩形微带滤波器、螺旋线滤波器、带通滤波器、带阻滤波器等，以及如何利用计算机辅助设计软件进行模拟和优化。此外，书中还可能涉及滤波器的制造工艺、材料选择、封装技术以及实际应用中的挑战和解决方案。考虑到版权问题，书中可能会强调读者在引用或使用他人的产品名称时应遵循商标规定，确保尊重知识产权。《微带滤波器在射频/微波应用中的设计与技术》是一本深度研究和实用指导的著作，对于工程师、设计师以及从事射频和微波系统的专业人士来说，它提供了宝贵的理论基础和实践经验，有助于提升他们的滤波器设计和应用能力。读者可以从中学习到如何根据具体需求定制适合的微带滤波器，以满足日益增长的无线通信和高速数据传输的需求。

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

The term microwaves may be used to describe electromagnetic (EM) waves with

frequencies ranging from 300 MHz to 300 GHz, which correspond to wavelengths

(in free space) from 1 m to 1 mm. The EM waves with frequencies above 30 GHz

and up to 300 GHz are also called millimeter waves because their wavelengths are

in the millimeter range (1–10 mm). Above the millimeter wave spectrum is the in-

frared, which comprises electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between 1 ␮m

(10

–6

m) and 1 mm. Beyond the infrared spectrum is the visible optical spectrum,

the ultraviolet spectrum, and x-rays. Below the microwave frequency spectrum is

the radio frequency (RF) spectrum. The frequency boundary between RF and mi-

crowaves is somewhat arbitrary, depending on the particular technologies developed

for the exploitation of that specific frequency range. Therefore, by extension, the

RF/microwave applications can be referred to as communications, radar, navigation,

radio astronomy, sensing, medical instrumentation, and others that explore the us-

age of frequency spectrums in the range of, say, 300 kHz up to 300 GHz (Figure

1.1). For convenience, some of these frequency spectrums are further divided into

many frequency bands as indicated in Figure 1.1.

Filters play important roles in many RF/microwave applications. They are used to

separate or combine different frequencies. The electromagnetic spectrum is limited

and has to be shared; filters are used to select or confine the RF/microwave signals

within assigned spectral limits. Emerging applications such as wireless communica-

tions continue to challenge RF/microwave filters with ever more stringent require-

ments—higher performance, smaller size, lighter weight, and lower cost. Depending

on the requirements and specifications, RF/microwave filters may be designed as

lumped element or distributed element circuits; they may be realized in various trans-

mission line structures, such as waveguide, coaxial line, and microstrip.

The recent advance of novel materials and fabrication technologies, including

monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC), microelectromechanic system

(MEMS), micromachining, high-temperature superconductor (HTS), and low-tem-

perature cofired ceramics (LTCC), has stimulated the rapid development of new mi-

Chapter 8 presents a comprehensive treatment of subjects regarding coupled res-

onator circuits. These are of importance for design of RF/microwave filters, in par-

ticular the narrow-band bandpass filters, which play a significant role in many ap-

plications. There is a general technique for designing coupled resonator filters,

which can be applied to any type of resonator despite its physical structure. For ex-

ample, it can be applied to the design of waveguide filters, dielectric resonator fil-

ters, ceramic combline filters, microstrip filters, superconducting filters, and micro-

machined filters. This design method is based on coupling coefficients of

intercoupled resonators and the external quality factors of the input and output res-

onators. Since this design technique is so useful and flexible, it would be desirable

to have a deep understanding not only of its approach, but also its theory. For this

purpose, the subjects cover the formulation of the general coupling matrix, which is

of importance for representing a wide range of coupled-resonator filter topologies,

the general theory of couplings for establishing the relationship between the cou-

pling coefficient and the physical structure of coupled resonators. This leads to a

very useful formulation for extracting coupling coefficients from EM simulations

or measurements. Formulations for extracting the external quality factors from fre-

quency responses of the externally loaded input/output resonators are derived next.

Numerical examples are followed to demonstrate how to use these formulations to

extract coupling coefficients and external quality factors of microwave coupling

structures for filter designs.

Chapter 9 is concerned with computer-aided design (CAD). Generally speaking,

any design that involves using computers may be called CAD. There have been ex-

traordinary recent advances in CAD of RF/microwave circuits, particularly in full-

wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. They have been implemented both in com-

mercial and specific in-house software and are being applied to microwave filter

simulation, modeling, design, and validation. The developments in this area are cer-

tainly being stimulated by increasing computer power. Another driving force for the

developments is the requirement of CAD for low-cost and high-volume production.

In general, besides the investment for tooling, materials and labor mainly affect the

cost of filter production. Labor costs include those for design, fabrication, testing,

and tuning. Here the costs for the design and tuning can be reduced greatly by using

CAD, which can provide more accurate design with less design iterations, leading to

first-pass or tuneless filters. This chapter discusses computer simulation and/or

computer optimization. It summarizes some basic concepts and methods regarding

filter design by CAD. Typical examples of the applications, including filter synthe-

sis by optimization, are described. Many more CAD examples, particularly those

based on full-wave EM simulation, can be found through this book.

In Chapter 10, we discuss the designs of some advanced filters, including selec-

tive filters with a single pair of transmission zeros, cascaded quadruplet (CQ) fil-

ters, trisection and cascaded trisection (CT) filters, cross-coupled filters using

transmission line inserted inverters, linear phase filters for group delay equaliza-

tion, and extracted-pole filters. These types of filters, which are different from con-

ventional Chebyshev filters, must meet the stringent requirements of RF/microwave

systems, particularly wireless communications systems.

INTRODUCTION

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