Internet Explorer CSS2.1 开发标准文档详解

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"这篇文档是关于Internet Explorer对CSS2.1标准的支持情况，详细阐述了在IE各个版本中如何处理CSS、渲染引擎以及JavaScript后台的相关信息。文档版权属于微软公司，发布于2010年12月8日，旨在为开发者提供IE浏览器的开放规范文档，包括协议、文件格式、语言和标准的交互概述。" 本文档《Internet Explorer Cascading Stylesheets (CSS) 2.1 Standards Support Document》主要涉及以下几个关键知识点： 1. **CSS2.1标准**: CSS2.1是CSS（层叠样式表）的一个版本，定义了如何展示HTML或XML（包括如SVG、MathML等各种XML方言）文档的视觉和空间布局。在IE中，这个文档详细列出了浏览器对CSS2.1各种属性和选择器的支持程度。 2. **渲染引擎**: IE的渲染引擎负责解析网页内容，将HTML、CSS和JavaScript转换成用户可见的页面。文档中可能涵盖了IE对于盒模型、浮动、定位、字体、颜色、背景、边距、边框等渲染规则的实现细节。 3. **JavaScript后台支持**: 虽然主要关注CSS，但IE的JavaScript支持也是开发者关注的重要部分。文档可能提及了IE对ECMAScript标准的实现，包括兼容性问题、DOM操作、事件处理和错误处理等方面。 4. **知识产权声明**: 微软对其发布的开放规格文档拥有版权，但允许开发者复制和分发文档以便开发与这些开放规格技术的实现，同时可以在实现中使用文档的部分内容来正确地记录实现过程。 5. **代码示例和接口定义**: 文档可能包含一些示例代码、IDL（接口定义语言）或者schema，这些对于开发者理解和使用IE的特定功能至关重要，无论是否进行修改，都可以在实现中使用。 6. **版本兼容性**: 对于不同版本的IE，CSS2.1的支持程度可能存在差异。开发者需要根据具体版本来调整代码以确保跨浏览器兼容性。 7. **技术文档的使用许可**: 尽管有微软的版权，但开发者可以按照微软网站上提供的使用条款来使用这份文档，这鼓励了开发者基于这些规范开发和分发软件。总结起来，这份文档对于那些需要在IE环境下开发和优化Web应用的开发者来说，是一份极其重要的参考资料，它详细阐述了IE浏览器在CSS2.1标准上的实现细节和限制，有助于解决浏览器兼容性问题，提升用户体验。

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[MS-CSS21] — v20101208

Internet Explorer Cascading Stylesheets (CSS) 2.1 Standards Support Document

Release: Wednesday, December 8, 2010

[att]

Match when the element sets the "att" attribute, whatever the value of the

attribute.

[att=val]

Match when the element's "att" attribute value is exactly "val".

[att~=val]

Represents an element with the att attribute whose value is a white space-separated

list of words, one of which is exactly "val". If "val" contains white space, it

will never represent anything (since the words are separated by spaces). If "val"

is the empty string, it will never represent anything either.

[att|=val]

Represents an element with the att attribute, its value either being exactly "val"

or beginning with "val" immediately followed by "-" (U+002D). This is primarily

intended to allow language subcode matches (e.g., the hreflang attribute on the a

element in HTML) as described in RFC 3066 ([RFC3066]) or its successor. For lang

(or xml:lang) language subcode matching, please see the :lang pseudo-class.

Quirks Mode (All Versions)

Attribute selectors are not supported.

V0012:

The specification states:

Attribute values must be identifiers or strings. The case-sensitivity of attribute

names and values in selectors depends on the document language.

Quirks Mode (All Versions)

Attribute selectors are not supported.

V0013:

The specification states:

Multiple attribute selectors can be used to refer to several attributes of an

element, or even several times to the same attribute.

Quirks Mode (All Versions)

Attribute selectors are not supported.

2.1.11 [CSS-Level2-2009] Section 5.9, ID selectors

V0014:

The specification states:

If an element has multiple ID attributes, all of them must be treated as IDs for

that element for the purposes of the ID selector.

Preliminary

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Internet Explorer Cascading Stylesheets (CSS) 2.1 Standards Support Document

Release: Wednesday, December 8, 2010

2.1.15 [CSS-Level2-2009] Section 5.12.1, The :first-line pseudo-element

V0018:

The specification states:

The "first formatted line" of an element may occur inside a block-level descendant

in the same flow (i.e., a block-level descendant that is not positioned and not a

float). E.g., the first line of the DIV in <DIV><P>This line...</P></DIV> is the

first line of the P (assuming that both P and DIV are block-level).

Quirks Mode and IE7 Mode (All Versions)

The first line does not match when the first line of the element belongs to a block-level descendant

of the element.

V0019:

The specification states:

The first line of a table-cell or inline-block cannot be the first formatted line

of an ancestor element. Thus, in <DIV><P STYLE="display: inline-block">Hello<BR>

Goodbye</P> etcetera</DIV> the first formatted line of the DIV is not the line

"Hello".

Quirks Mode and IE7 Mode (All Versions)

The :first-line pseudo-element is not supported for the first line of an inline-block.

2.1.16 [CSS-Level2-2009] Section 5.12.2, The :first-letter pseudo-element

V0020:

The specification states:

These are the properties that apply to :first-letter pseudo-elements: font

properties, 'text-decoration', 'text-transform', 'letter-spacing', 'word-spacing'

(when appropriate), 'line-height', 'float', 'vertical-align' (only if 'float' is

'none'), margin properties, padding properties, border properties, color property,

background properties. UAs may apply other properties as well. To allow UAs to

render a typographically correct drop cap or initial cap, the UA may choose a line-

height, width and height based on the shape of the letter, unlike for normal

elements. CSS3 is expected to have specific properties that apply to first-letter.

Quirks Mode and IE7 Mode (All Versions)

The float, letter-spacing, padding, and line-height properties are not supported.

IE7 Mode (All Versions)

The border property is applied to the bottom border; the bottom border is clipped at the content

edge.

V0021:

Preliminary

20 / 161

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Internet Explorer Cascading Stylesheets (CSS) 2.1 Standards Support Document

Release: Wednesday, December 8, 2010

2.1.19 [CSS-Level2-2009] Section 6.3, The @import rule

V0025:

The specification states:

The '@import' rule allows users to import style rules from other style sheets. In

CSS 2.1, any @import rules must precede all other rules (except the @charset rule,

if present). See the section on parsing for when user agents must ignore @import

rules. The '@import' keyword must be followed by the URI of the style sheet to

include. A string is also allowed; it will be interpreted as if it had url(...)

around it.

Quirks Mode (All Versions)

The @import rule is not ignored if it does not precede all other rules (except the @charset rule, if

present).

V0026:

The specification states:

A target medium matches a media list if one of the items in the media list is the

target medium or 'all'.

Quirks Mode and IE7 Mode (All Versions)

The target medium must match one of the items in the media list. The

all

specifier is not

supported.

2.1.20 [CSS-Level2-2009] Section 6.4.3, Calculating a selector's specificity

V0027:

The specification states:

A selector's specificity is calculated as follows:

count 1 if the declaration is from is a 'style' attribute rather than a rule with a

selector, 0 otherwise (= a) (In HTML, values of an element's "style" attribute are

style sheet rules. These rules have no selectors, so a=1, b=0, c=0, and d=0.)

count the number of ID attributes in the selector (= b)

count the number of other attributes and pseudo-classes in the selector (= c)

count the number of element names and pseudo-elements in the selector (= d)

Quirks Mode (All Versions)

The following selectors and selector features are not supported:

All attribute selectors

Adjacent sibling and sibling combinators

The :active, :first-child, :focus, and :lang pseudo-classes

Preliminary

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