Java SE 8 核心编程：Core Java Volume I 第10版解析

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"Core.Java.Volume.I.Fundamentals.10th.Edition.2016.1 Java 核心编程原书第10版" 本书是《Core Java》系列的第10版，专为有经验的程序员设计，旨在帮助他们编写强大、稳健的Java代码以构建实际应用。随着Java SE 8的发布，这本书进行了大量的更新和重新组织，以反映这一备受期待且创新的Java版本的新特性、惯用法和最佳实践。书中包含了数百个精心设计的示例程序，这些程序都经过精心调整，以便于理解和在实际项目中应用。在Java SE 8中，有几个重要的新特性值得关注： 1. **lambda表达式**：Java 8引入了lambda表达式，这是一种简洁的匿名函数形式，可以作为参数传递，或者作为返回值。这使得编写处理集合和函数式编程风格的代码变得更加简洁。 2. **流（Stream）API**：流API提供了一种声明式的处理数据集合的方式，可以对集合进行过滤、映射和归约等操作。它极大地简化了并行处理和数据处理链的构造。 3. **方法引用来替代lambda**：除了lambda表达式，Java 8还引入了方法引用，可以直接引用已有方法，作为函数式接口的实现。 4. **日期和时间API的改进**：Java 8引入了新的`java.time`包，提供了更强大、更易于使用的日期和时间API，取代了原来的`java.util.Date`和`java.util.Calendar`。 5. **默认方法**：接口中可以添加带有实现的方法，这使得在不破坏向后兼容性的情况下扩展接口成为可能。 6. **Optional类**：`java.util.Optional`类用于表示可能为null的值，它提供了一种避免空指针异常的强类型机制。 7. **Nashorn JavaScript引擎**：Java 8内置了一个Nashorn JavaScript引擎，允许在Java应用程序中直接运行JavaScript代码，促进了Java与JavaScript之间的交互。除此之外，书中还涵盖了Java语言的基础知识，包括： - 基本语法和数据类型 - 控制流程（if语句、switch、循环） - 类、对象和封装 - 继承、多态和接口 - 异常处理 - 文件I/O和网络编程 - 多线程和并发编程 - 集合框架的使用和高级特性 - 注解和反射通过阅读本书，读者不仅可以深入理解Java 8的关键新特性，还能巩固对Java基础的掌握，提升编程能力。无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从这个全面而详尽的教程中受益。

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664Borders ........................................................................................12.4.3

668Combo Boxes ..............................................................................12.4.4

672Sliders ..........................................................................................12.4.5

678Menus ........................................................................................................12.5

679Menu Building ...........................................................................12.5.1

682Icons in Menu Items ..................................................................12.5.2

683Checkbox and Radio Button Menu Items ..............................12.5.3

684Pop-Up Menus ...........................................................................12.5.4

686Keyboard Mnemonics and Accelerators ................................12.5.5

689Enabling and Disabling Menu Items ......................................12.5.6

694Toolbars .......................................................................................12.5.7

696Tooltips ........................................................................................12.5.8

699Sophisticated Layout Management .......................................................12.6

701The Grid Bag Layout .................................................................12.6.1

703The gridx , gridy , gridwidth , and gridheight Parameters ...12.6.1.1

703Weight Fields ..............................................................12.6.1.2

704The fill and anchor Parameters ..................................12.6.1.3

704Padding .......................................................................12.6.1.4

705

Alternative Method to Specify the gridx , gridy ,

gridwidth , and gridheight Parameters ............................

12.6.1.5

706

A Helper Class to Tame the Grid Bag

Constraints ..................................................................

12.6.1.6

713Group Layout .............................................................................12.6.2

723Using No Layout Manager ......................................................12.6.3

724Custom Layout Managers ........................................................12.6.4

729Traversal Order ..........................................................................12.6.5

730Dialog Boxes .............................................................................................12.7

731Option Dialogs ...........................................................................12.7.1

741Creating Dialogs ........................................................................12.7.2

746Data Exchange ............................................................................12.7.3

752File Dialogs .................................................................................12.7.4

764Color Choosers ..........................................................................12.7.5

770Troubleshooting GUI Programs .............................................................12.8

770Debugging Tips .........................................................................12.8.1

774Letting the AWT Robot Do the Work .....................................12.8.2

Contents

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779Chapter 13: Deploying Java Applications .................................................

780JAR Files ....................................................................................................13.1

780Creating JAR ﬁles ......................................................................13.1.1

781The Manifest ...............................................................................13.1.2

782Executable JAR Files .................................................................13.1.3

783Resources ....................................................................................13.1.4

787Sealing .........................................................................................13.1.5

788Storage of Application Preferences .......................................................13.2

788Property Maps ...........................................................................13.2.1

794The Preferences API ..................................................................13.2.2

800Service Loaders ........................................................................................13.3

802Applets ......................................................................................................13.4

803A Simple Applet ........................................................................13.4.1

808The applet HTML Tag and Its Attributes .................................13.4.2

810Use of Parameters to Pass Information to Applets ...............13.4.3

816Accessing Image and Audio Files ...........................................13.4.4

818The Applet Context ...................................................................13.4.5

818Inter-Applet Communication ..................................................13.4.6

819Displaying Items in the Browser .............................................13.4.7

820The Sandbox ...............................................................................13.4.8

822Signed Code ...............................................................................13.4.9

824Java Web Start ...........................................................................................13.5

824Delivering a Java Web Start Application ................................13.5.1

829The JNLP API .............................................................................13.5.2

839Chapter 14: Concurrency ...........................................................................

840What Are Threads? ..................................................................................14.1

846Using Threads to Give Other Tasks a Chance .......................14.1.1

851Interrupting Threads ...............................................................................14.2

855Thread States .............................................................................................14.3

855New Threads ..............................................................................14.3.1

855Runnable Threads ......................................................................14.3.2

856Blocked and Waiting Threads ..................................................14.3.3

857Terminated Threads ..................................................................14.3.4

858Thread Properties .....................................................................................14.4

858Thread Priorities ........................................................................14.4.1

Contents

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859Daemon Threads ........................................................................14.4.2

860Handlers for Uncaught Exceptions ........................................14.4.3

862Synchronization .......................................................................................14.5

862An Example of a Race Condition ............................................14.5.1

866The Race Condition Explained ................................................14.5.2

868Lock Objects ...............................................................................14.5.3

872Condition Objects ......................................................................14.5.4

878The synchronized Keyword ............................................................14.5.5

882Synchronized Blocks .................................................................14.5.6

884The Monitor Concept ................................................................14.5.7

885Volatile Fields .............................................................................14.5.8

886Final Variables ............................................................................14.5.9

886Atomics .......................................................................................14.5.10

889Deadlocks ...................................................................................14.5.11

892Thread-Local Variables .............................................................14.5.12

893Lock Testing and Timeouts ......................................................14.5.13

895Read/Write Locks .....................................................................14.5.14

896Why the stop and suspend Methods Are Deprecated ...............14.5.15

898Blocking Queues ......................................................................................14.6

905Thread-Safe Collections ..........................................................................14.7

905Efﬁcient Maps, Sets, and Queues ............................................14.7.1

907Atomic Update of Map Entries ................................................14.7.2

909Bulk Operations on Concurrent Hash Maps .........................14.7.3

912Concurrent Set Views ...............................................................14.7.4

912Copy on Write Arrays ...............................................................14.7.5

912Parallel Array Algorithms ........................................................14.7.6

914Older Thread-Safe Collections .................................................14.7.7

915Callables and Futures ..............................................................................14.8

920Executors ...................................................................................................14.9

921Thread Pools ...............................................................................14.9.1

926Scheduled Execution .................................................................14.9.2

927Controlling Groups of Tasks ....................................................14.9.3

928The Fork-Join Framework ........................................................14.9.4

931Completable Futures .................................................................14.9.5

934Synchronizers ...........................................................................................14.10

xvii

Contents

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Preface

To the Reader

In late 1995, the Java programming language burst onto the Internet scene and

gained instant celebrity status. The promise of Java technology was that it would

become the universal glue that connects users with information wherever it comes

from—web servers, databases, information providers, or any other imaginable

source. Indeed, Java is in a unique position to fulﬁll this promise. It is an extremely

solidly engineered language that has gained wide acceptance. Its built-in security

and safety features are reassuring both to programmers and to the users of Java

programs. Java has built-in support for advanced programming tasks, such as

network programming, database connectivity, and concurrency.

Since 1995, nine major revisions of the Java Development Kit have been released.

Over the course of the last 20 years, the Application Programming Interface (API)

has grown from about 200 to over 4,000 classes. The API now spans such diverse

areas as user interface construction, database management, internationalization,

security, and XML processing.

The book you have in your hands is the ﬁrst volume of the tenth edition of Core

Java

. Each edition closely followed a release of the Java Development Kit, and

each time, we rewrote the book to take advantage of the newest Java features.

This edition has been updated to reﬂect the features of Java Standard Edition

(SE) 8.

As with the previous editions of this book, we still target serious programmers who

want to put Java to work on real projects. We think of you, our reader, as a program-

mer with a solid background in a programming language other than Java, and

we assume that you don’t like books ﬁlled with toy examples (such as toasters,

zoo animals, or “nervous text”). You won’t ﬁnd any of these in our book. Our

goal is to enable you to fully understand the Java language and library, not to

give you an illusion of understanding.

In this book you will ﬁnd lots of sample code demonstrating almost every language

and library feature that we discuss. We keep the sample programs purposefully

simple to focus on the major points, but, for the most part, they aren’t fake and

they don’t cut corners. They should make good starting points for your own code.

xix

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