C# 2005编程基础与进阶指南

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"《For Dummies: C# 2005 For Dummies》是由Stephen Randy Davis和Chuck Sphar合著的一本面向初学者的C#编程指南，旨在帮助读者从零开始学习C#语言。该书分为六个部分，涵盖了创建第一个C#程序、基础C#编程、面向对象编程等主题，适合对C#感兴趣的初学者和想要深入理解C#概念的开发者阅读。" 以下是关于C#编程的一些关键知识点： 1. **创建第一个C#程序**：这部分通常包括设置开发环境，如安装Visual Studio，并介绍“Hello, World!”程序，这是所有编程语言入门的经典示例，用于演示如何在控制台上打印文本。 2. **基础C#编程**：涉及C#的基本语法，如变量声明、数据类型（整型、浮点型、字符串等）、控制流程（条件语句、循环结构）、函数的使用以及输入输出操作。 3. **对象和类**：C#是面向对象的编程语言，这部分会讲解什么是类和对象，如何定义类，以及类中的属性和方法。同时，还会介绍构造函数、析构函数、封装、继承和多态等概念。 4. **面向对象编程（OOP）**：深入探讨OOP的原理，如接口、抽象类、访问修饰符（public、private、protected等）、事件和委托。这部分会帮助读者理解如何通过设计良好的类来构建复杂系统。 5. **超越基本类**：可能包含高级主题，如泛型、匿名方法、LINQ（Language Integrated Query，语言集成查询）以及异常处理。这些特性使得C#代码更加灵活且易于维护。 6. **The Part of Tens**：这个部分通常包含一些实用的技巧、常见问题解答或者十个有用的资源、工具或建议，帮助读者在实际编程中更好地应用所学知识。此外，书中还可能涵盖C#标准库的使用，如.NET Framework提供的各种类，以及如何利用Visual Studio的调试工具进行问题排查。对于想要学习C# 2005的读者来说，这本书将提供一个全面而易懂的起点，帮助他们逐步掌握这种强大的编程语言。

Classy Generics: Writing Your Own ..........................................................340

Shipping packages at OOPs .............................................................341

Queuing at OOPs: PriorityQueue .....................................................341

Unwrapping the package ..................................................................345

Touring Main( ) ..................................................................................347

Writing generic code the easy way .................................................348

Saving PriorityQueue for last ...........................................................349

Tending to unfinished business .......................................................351

Generically Methodical ..............................................................................353

Generic methods in nongeneric classes .........................................355

Generic methods in generic classes ...............................................356

You may need to constrain a generic method, too .......................356

Up Against the (Generic) Interface ...........................................................357

Nongeneric vs. generic interfaces ...................................................357

Using a (nongeneric) Simple Factory class ....................................358

Building a generic factory ................................................................359

Part VI: The Part of Tens ...........................................365

Chapter 16: The 10 Most Common Build Errors

(And How to Fix Them) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367

The name ‘memberName’ does not exist in the class

or namespace ‘className’ ...........................................................368

Cannot implicitly convert type ‘x’ into ‘y’ ......................................369

‘className.memberName’ is inaccessible

due to its protection level ............................................................371

Use of unassigned local variable ‘n’ ................................................372

Unable to copy the file ‘programName.exe’ to

‘programName.exe’. The process cannot . . . .............................373

‘subclassName.methodName’ hides inherited member

‘baseclassName.methodName’. Use the new keyword

if hiding was intended ...................................................................374

‘subclassName’ : cannot inherit from sealed class

‘baseclassName’ .............................................................................375

‘className’ does not implement interface member

‘methodName’ ................................................................................376

‘methodName’ : not all code paths return a value ........................376

} expected ...........................................................................................377

Chapter 17: The 10 Most Significant Differences

between C# and C++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379

No Global Data or Functions ......................................................................380

All Objects Are Allocated Off the Heap ....................................................380

Pointer Variables Are All but Disallowed .................................................381

C# Generics Are Like C++ Templates — or Are They? ............................381

I’ll Never Include a File Again ....................................................................382

Don’t Construct — Initialize ......................................................................382

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Define Your Variable Types Well ...............................................................383

No Multiple Inheriting .................................................................................383

Projecting a Good Interface .......................................................................383

Unified Type System ...................................................................................384

Appendix: About the CD ............................................385

System Requirements .................................................................................385

Using the CD ...............................................................................................386

What You’ll Find on the CD ........................................................................387

The C# programs ...............................................................................387

Five bonus chapters ..........................................................................388

NUnit ...................................................................................................389

SharpDevelop .....................................................................................389

TextPad ...............................................................................................389

Troubleshooting ..........................................................................................389

Bonus Chapters on the CD-ROM!..................................CD

Bonus Chapter 1: Some Exceptional Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CD1

Handling an Error the Old-Fashioned Way — (Re)Turn It ....................CD1

Returning an error indication .........................................................CD4

I’m here to report, that seems fine to me ......................................CD7

Using an Exceptional Error-Reporting Mechanism ................................CD9

Can I Get an Example? .............................................................................CD10

Creating Your Own Exception Class ......................................................CD13

Assigning Multiple Catch Blocks ............................................................CD15

Letting some throws slip through your fingers ..........................CD17

Rethrowing an object .....................................................................CD20

Thinking through how you should respond to an exception ....CD21

Overriding the Exception Class ..............................................................CD22

Bonus Chapter 2: Handling Files and Libraries in C# . . . . . . . . . . CD27

Dividing a Single Program into Multiple Source Files ..........................CD28

Dividing a Single Program into Multiple Assemblies ...........................CD29

Collecting Source Files into Namespaces .............................................CD30

Declaring a namespace ..................................................................CD31

Seeing the importance of namespaces ........................................CD32

Accessing classes in the same namespace

with fully qualified names ..........................................................CD34

Using a namespace .........................................................................CD35

How about using a fully qualified example? ...............................CD36

Collecting Classes into Class Libraries .................................................CD39

Creating a class library project ....................................................CD39

Creating classes for the library ....................................................CD40

Creating a “driver” project ............................................................CD41

C# 2005 For Dummies

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Collecting Data into Files ........................................................................CD43

Using StreamWriter ........................................................................CD45

Improving your reading speed and

comprehension through StreamReader ...................................CD50

Bonus Chapter 3: Stepping through Collections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CD55

Iterating through a Directory of Files ....................................................CD55

Writing Your Own Collection Class: The Linked List ...........................CD62

An example linked-list container ..................................................CD63

Why bother with a linked list? ......................................................CD73

Iterating foreach Collections: Iterators .................................................CD73

Accessing a collection: The general problem .............................CD74

Letting C# access data foreach container ...................................CD76

Accessing Collections the Array Way: Indexers ...................................CD77

Indexer format ................................................................................CD78

Example indexer program .............................................................CD78

Looping around the Iterator Block ........................................................CD82

Iterating days of the month: A first example ..............................CD87

What’s a collection, really? ...........................................................CD89

Iterator syntax gives up so easily .................................................CD90

Iterator blocks of all shapes and sizes ........................................CD92

Where to put your iterator ............................................................CD95

Bonus Chapter 4: Using the Visual Studio Interface . . . . . . . . . . . .CD99

Customizing the Window Layout .........................................................CD100

Examining the window display states .......................................CD100

Hiding a window ...........................................................................CD103

Rearranging windows ..................................................................CD103

Stacking windows .........................................................................CD105

More cool nifties, ’er, “productivity tools” ................................CD106

Stirring the Solution Explorer ...............................................................CD107

Simplifying life with projects and solutions ..............................CD107

Displaying the project ..................................................................CD108

Multisourcing your way to success: Adding a class ................CD111

Completing the example classes ................................................CD112

Converting classes into a program ............................................CD115

Considering What Code Should Look Like .........................................CD116

Getting Help — Quickly! ........................................................................CD120

F1 Help ...........................................................................................CD120

Index Help .....................................................................................CD122

Search Help ...................................................................................CD124

More Help goodies .......................................................................CD125

“Auto list members” Help ............................................................CD126

“De”-Debugging Windows .....................................................................CD127

Your program has bugs: It’s time to call the exterminator! ....CD128

Learning the single-step dance ...................................................CD130

Let me break my point .................................................................CD134

Operator, trace that call stack! ...................................................CD137

“It’s soup” ......................................................................................CD138

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Bonus Chapter 5: C# on the Cheap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CD139

Working Without a Net — But Not a .NET ...........................................CD140

Grabbing the free ingredients .....................................................CD141

Going around the C# development cycle ..................................CD142

Doing C# with SharpDevelop ................................................................CD142

Examining SharpDevelop ............................................................CD143

Comparing SharpDevelop features with Visual Studio ............CD144

Getting help ...................................................................................CD145

Configuring SharpDevelop ..........................................................CD146

Adding a tool to launch the debugger .......................................CD146

Running the debugger from SharpDevelop ...............................CD147

Missing debugger stuff ................................................................CD150

Doing C# with TextPad ..........................................................................CD150

Creating a C# .CS document class ..............................................CD153

Adding a tool of your own: Build C# Debug ..............................CD155

Configuring a tool to do a Release build ...................................CD157

Explaining the configuration options

for the Debug and Release tools .............................................CD158

Dealing with compiler errors ......................................................CD162

Configuring the rest of the tools ................................................CD162

Testing It with NUnit ..............................................................................CD165

Running NUnit ...............................................................................CD166

Testing? I have to do testing? .....................................................CD166

Writing NUnit tests .......................................................................CD168

Debugging bugs in your test code ..............................................CD175

Writing Windows Forms Code without a Form Designer ..................CD177

It’s just code ..................................................................................CD177

Doing it the designer’s way .........................................................CD178

Understanding the new partial classes .....................................CD179

Doing it your own way .................................................................CD180

Making Sure Your Users Can Run Your C# Programs ........................CD180

A Poor Coder’s Visual Studio ................................................................CD180

Index........................................................................391

End-User License Agreement.........................Back of Book

C# 2005 For Dummies

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Introduction

he C# programming language is a powerful, relatively new descendant of

the earlier C, C++, and Java languages. Programming with it is a lot of fun,

as you’re about to find out in this book.

Microsoft created C# as a major part of its .NET initiative. For what are proba-

bly political reasons, Microsoft turned the specifications for the C# language

over to the ECMA (pronounced ek-ma) international standards committee in

the summer of 2000, long before .NET was a reality. In theory, any company

can come up with its own version of C# written to run on any operating

system, on any machine larger than a calculator.

When the first edition of this book came out, Microsoft’s C# compiler was the

only game in town, and its Visual Studio .NET suite of tools offered the only

way to program C# (other than at the Windows command line). Since then,

however, Visual Studio has gone through two major revisions — Visual Studio

2003 and, very recently, Visual Studio 2005. And at least two other players

have entered the C# game.

It’s now possible to write and compile C# programs on a variety of Unix-based

machines using either the Mono or Portable .NET implementations of .NET

and C#:

 Mono (

www.go-mono.com) is an open-source software project spon-

sored by Novell Corporation. Version 1.1.8 came out in June 2005. While

Mono lags Microsoft’s .NET, just now implementing the 1.1 version that

Microsoft released a couple of years ago, it appears to be moving fast.

 Portable .NET, under the banner of Southern Storm Software and DotGNU

(

www.dotgnu.org/pnet.html), is also open-source. Portable .NET is at

version 0.7.0 as of this writing.

Both Mono and Portable .NET claim to run C# programs on Windows and a

variety of Unix flavors, including Linux and Apple’s Macintosh operating

system. At this writing, Portable .NET reaches the greater number of flavors,

while Mono boasts a more complete .NET implementation. So choosing

between them can be complicated, depending on your project, your platform,

and your goals. (Books about programming for these platforms are becoming

available already. Check

www.amazon.com.)

Open-source software is written by collaborating groups of volunteer pro-

grammers and is usually free to the world.

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