SD卡物理层简化规范3.01版解析

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"SD卡规范SD Part_1_Physical_Layer_Simplified_Specification_Ver_3.01" SD卡规范是SD卡行业协会（SD Card Association）制定的一系列技术标准，用于指导SD卡的设计、制造和使用。这部分规范，即“物理层简化规格”，详细阐述了SD卡在物理层面的接口、信号传输、电气特性等方面的要求。版本3.01是在2010年5月18日发布的，相较于之前的版本，如1.10和2.00，它可能包含了新的改进和功能增强。 1. 物理层规范：这部分规范的核心内容涉及SD卡的物理尺寸、引脚定义、连接器接口以及信号传输的电气特性。这些规定确保了SD卡能与各种设备（如数码相机、手机、计算机等）之间进行可靠的通信。 2. 接口标准：SD卡规范3.01可能定义了高速数据传输的标准，例如支持更高速率的SPI（Serial Peripheral Interface）和MMC（MultiMediaCard）模式，以及更高级的HS-SDIO（High Speed Secure Digital Input/Output）和UHS（Ultra High Speed）模式，这些模式可实现更快的数据读写速度。 3. 信号完整性：为了确保在高速传输时数据的准确性，规范可能会涵盖信号质量、阻抗匹配、噪声容限和眼图分析等关键参数，以减少信号失真和错误。 4. 电气特性：规范可能详细列出了SD卡接口的电压等级、电流限制、电源管理策略，以及在不同工作状态下的功耗要求，确保设备的兼容性和稳定性。 5. 安全性与版权保护：由于SD卡常用于存储敏感数据，规范可能包含了关于安全机制和版权保护的描述，比如SD-3C, LLC的相关许可要求，这是对SD卡中使用特定版本规格的必要条件，以保护知识产权。 6. 兼容性：随着技术的发展，SD卡规范不断升级，但保持向后兼容性至关重要。版本3.01可能在提供新功能的同时，确保了与旧版设备的兼容性，以降低用户升级成本。 7. 测试与认证：为了确保产品符合规范，制造商必须通过一系列的测试和认证流程，以验证其SD卡产品在物理层面上的性能和可靠性。 SD卡规范SD Part_1_Physical_Layer_Simplified_Specification_Ver_3.01是SD卡技术的重要参考文档，它定义了SD卡物理层的所有关键技术参数，确保了不同品牌和型号的SD卡能在广泛的设备上正常工作，并且随着技术进步不断更新以满足更高的性能需求。

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 3.01

• Protocol attributes of the communication channel:

SD Memory Card Communication Channel

Six-wire communication channel

(clock, command, 4 data lines)

Error-protected data transfer

Single or Multiple block oriented data transfer

• SD Memory Card Form-factor

There are three Part 1 mechanical addenda as follows:

Standard Size SD Memory Card: Specified in "Part 1 Standard Size SD Card Addendum"

miniSD Memory Card: Specified in "Part 1 miniSD Card Addendum"

microSD Memory Card: Specified in "Part 1 microSD Card Addendum"

• Standard Size SD Memory Card thickness is defined as both 2.1 mm (normal) and 1.4 mm (Thin

SD Memory Card).

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 3.01

3. SD Memory Card System Concept

Description here is a blank for the Simplified Specification.

3.1 Read-Write Property

In terms of read-write property, two types of SD Memory Cards are defined:

• Read/Write (RW) cards (Flash, One Time Programmable - OTP, Multiple Time Programmable -

MTP). These cards are typically sold as blank (empty) media and are used for mass data storage,

end user video, audio or digital image recording

• Read Only Memory (ROM) cards. These cards are manufactured with fixed data content. They are

typically used as a distribution media for software, audio, video etc.

3.2 Supply Voltage

In terms of operating supply voltage, one type of SD Memory Cards is defined:

• High Voltage SD Memory Cards that can operate within the voltage range of 2.7-3.6 V.

3.3 Card Capacity

3.3.1 User Area and Protected Area

SD Memory Card has two accessible independent areas: User Area and Protected Area. User Area is

main memory area and Protected Area can be accessed by the authentication defined by the Part 3

Security Specification. Card Capacity means the sum of User Area Capacity and Protected Area

Capacity.

3.3.2 Card Capacity Classification

In terms of card capacity, three types of SD Memory Cards are defined:

• Standard Capacity SD Memory Card (SDSC) supports capacity up to and including 2 G bytes (2

bytes). All versions of the Physical Layer Specifications define the Standard Capacity SD Memory

Card.

• High Capacity SD Memory Card (SDHC) supports capacity more than 2 G bytes (2

bytes) up to 32

G bytes and is defined from the Physical Layer Specification Version 2.00.

• Extended Capacity SD Memory Card (SDXC) supports more than 32 G bytes (2

bytes) up to 2TB.

Only hosts that are compliant to the Physical Layer Specification Version 2.00 or later and the File

System Specification Ver2.00 or higher can access High Capacity SD Memory Cards and Extended

Capacity SD Memory Cards. Other hosts fail to initialize High Capacity SD Memory Cards and

Extended Capacity SD Memory Cards.

Only hosts that are compliant to the Physical Layer Specification Version 3.00 or higher and the File

System Specification Ver3.00 or later (exFAT supported) can access Extended Capacity SD Memory

Note:

1. The Part 1 Physical Layer Specification Version 3.00 and Part 2 File System Specification Version

3.00 allow Standard Capacity SD Memory Cards to have capacity up to and including 2 GB, High

Capacity SD Memory Cards to have capacity up to and including 32 GB and Extended Capacity

SD Memory Card to have capacity up to 2 TB.

2. Hosts that can access (read and/or write) SD Memory Cards with a capacity greater than 2 GB

and up to and including 32 GB, shall also be able to access SD Memory Cards with a capacity of

2 GB or less.

3. Hosts that can access (read and/or write) SD Memory Cards with a capacity greater than 32 GB

and up to 2 TB, shall also be able to access SD Memory Cards with a capacity of 32 GB or less.

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 3.01

3.6 Bus Protocol

3.6.1 SD Bus

Communication over the SD bus is based on command and data bit streams that are initiated by a start

bit and terminated by a stop bit.

• Command: a command is a token that starts an operation. A command is sent from the host either

to a single card (addressed command) or to all connected cards (broadcast command). A command

is transferred serially on the CMD line.

• Response: a response is a token that is sent from an addressed card, or (synchronously) from all

connected cards, to the host as an answer to a previously received command. A response is

transferred serially on the CMD line.

• Data: data can be transferred from the card to the host or vice versa. Data is transferred via the

data lines.

Figure 3-1: "no response" and "no data" Operations

Card addressing is implemented using a session address, assigned to the card during the initialization

phase. The structure of commands, responses and data blocks is described in Chapter 4. The basic

transaction on the SD bus is the command/response transaction (refer to Figure 3-1). This type of bus

transaction transfers their information directly within the command or response structure. In addition,

some operations have a data token.

Data transfers to/from the SD Memory Card are done in blocks. Data blocks are always succeeded by

CRC bits. Single and multiple block operations are defined. Note that the Multiple Block operation mode

is better for faster write operation. A multiple block transmission is terminated when a stop command

follows on the CMD line. Data transfer can be configured by the host to use single or multiple data lines.

command response

block read operation

data stop operation

CMD

DAT

from

host

to card

stop command

stops data transfer

data from card

to host

from

card

to host

data block crc

data block crc data block crc

multiple block read operation

Figure 3-2: (Multiple) Block Read Operation

The block write operation uses a simple busy signaling of the write operation duration on the DAT0 data

line (see Figure 3-3) regardless of the number of data lines used for transferring the data.

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