马克·达利尔姆普尔的Mac OS X高级编程指南：深入探索Big Nerd Ranch秘籍

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"《高级Mac OS X编程：大怪兽农庄指南》(Advanced Mac OS X Programming: The Big Nerd Ranch Guide)是由马克·达利尔姆普尔(Mark Dalrymple)所著的一本专业书籍，专为想要深入理解和开发Mac OS X平台的程序员设计。本书是2011年Big Nerd Ranch, Inc. 出版的，享有版权，所有复制、存储、检索或任何形式的传输，包括电子、机械、复印、录音等，都必须在得到出版商授权的情况下进行。这本书的特色在于其高级编程内容，涵盖了Mac OS X操作系统的关键技术，如Objective-C、Cocoa框架、Mac OS X的内核理解、图形用户界面设计、网络编程、多线程处理以及性能优化等。作者以其通俗易懂的方式，将复杂的概念和技术分解成实践性强的教程，适合有一定基础的开发者提升技能。书中还包含了10加仑桶配螺旋桨标志，这是Big Nerd Ranch, Inc. 的商标，体现了该公司的独特教育理念和风格。此外，该英文版在全球范围内的发行由Pearson Technology Group负责，这是一家知名的科技教育出版社，确保了书籍的专业性和权威性。尽管作者和出版商已经尽力确保内容的质量，但本书并不承诺对所有技术问题提供无条件担保，读者在阅读过程中仍需自行承担一定的责任。对于本书的反馈和讨论，可以联系Big Nerd Ranch, Inc. 或通过他们的网站获取更多信息。《高级Mac OS X编程：大怪兽农庄指南》是一本极具价值的参考资料，对于希望在Mac平台上进行深度开发的专业人士和爱好者来说，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中受益匪浅。通过学习本书，读者不仅能掌握最新的Mac OS X技术，还能提升自己的编程能力和解决问题的能力。"

Advanced Mac OS X Programming

xiii

Bitmap ........................................................................................................ 543

BitmapView ................................................................................................. 544

CalcOperation ............................................................................................... 546

MandelOpperAppDelegate .............................................................................. 549

NSBlockOperation ......................................................................................... 551

Complex-Lifetime Operations .................................................................................. 553

KVO properties ............................................................................................. 554

ImageSnarfer ........................................................................................................ 555

ImageCanvas ................................................................................................ 556

SnarfOperation .............................................................................................. 558

NSURLConnection delegate methods ................................................................ 561

ImageSnarferAppDelegate ............................................................................... 562

Mop-up ....................................................................................................... 565

Exercises ............................................................................................................. 566

22. Grand Central Dispatch ............................................................................................. 569

GCD Terminology ................................................................................................. 571

Queues ................................................................................................................ 571

Object-Oriented Design .......................................................................................... 573

Dispatch API ....................................................................................................... 574

Queues ........................................................................................................ 574

Dispatching .................................................................................................. 575

Memory management ..................................................................................... 575

WordCounter ........................................................................................................ 576

Iteration ............................................................................................................... 581

Safe Global Initialization ........................................................................................ 582

Time, Time, Time ................................................................................................. 583

Dispatch Groups ................................................................................................... 584

Dispatch Sources ................................................................................................... 586

Signal sources ............................................................................................... 588

File read source ............................................................................................ 589

File write source ........................................................................................... 590

Timer sources ............................................................................................... 590

Custom sources ............................................................................................. 591

Under the Hood ............................................................................................ 591

Semaphores .......................................................................................................... 591

GCD or NSOperation? ........................................................................................... 592

For the More Curious: Synchronizing Tasks ............................................................... 593

For the More Curious: The dispatch_debug() Function ................................................. 593

Exercises ............................................................................................................. 594

23. Accessing the Keychain ............................................................................................ 597

Items and Attribute Lists ........................................................................................ 598

Searching for Items ............................................................................................... 600

Reading Data From an Item .................................................................................... 602

Editing the Keychain ............................................................................................. 604

Getting Specific Keychains ..................................................................................... 605

Keychain Access ................................................................................................... 605

Making a New Keychain Item ................................................................................. 608

Convenience Functions ........................................................................................... 610

xvii

Introduction

Mac OS X: Built to Evolve

Complex systems come into existence in only two ways: through careful planning or through

evolution. An airport is an example of something that is planned carefully beforehand, built, and then

undergoes only minor changes for the rest of its existence. Complex organisms (like humans) are an

example of something that has evolved continually from something simple. In the end, organisms that

are well suited to evolution will always win out over organisms that are less suited to evolve.

An operating system evolves. Of course, the programmer who creates a new operating system designs

it carefully, but in the end, an operating system that is well suited to evolution will replace an operating

system that is not. It is, then, an interesting exercise to think about what traits make an operating

system capable of evolution.

The first version of Unix was developed by Ken Thompson at Bell Laboratories in 1969. It was

written in assembly language to run on a PDP-7. Dennis Ritchie, also at Bell Labs, invented the C

programming language. Among computer languages, C is pretty low level, but it is still much more

portable than assembly language. Together, Thompson and Ritchie completely rewrote Unix in C. By

1978, Unix was running on several different architectures. Portability, then, was the first indication that

Unix is well suited to evolution.

In 1976, Bell Labs began giving the source code for Unix to research facilities. The Computer Systems

Research Group at UC Berkeley got a copy and began tinkering with it. The design of Unix was

exceedingly elegant and a perfect platform upon which to build two important technologies: virtual

memory and TCP/IP networking. By freely distributing the source code, Bell Labs was inviting people

to extend Unix. Extensibility was the second indication that Unix is well suited to evolution.

4.4BSD was the last release of Unix produced by Berkeley. It was used as the basis for FreeBSD,

OpenBSD, NetBSD, and MacOSX. Today, Unix is used as an operating system for cellular phones

and supercomputers. It is the most popular operating system for web servers, mail servers, and

engineering workstations. The manner in which it has found a home in so many niches is yet another

indication that Unix is capable of evolving.

MacOSX is based upon a hybrid of Mach and 4.4BSD, but notice that this new niche, a desktop

operating system that your grandmother will love as well as a mobile device operating system that your

kids will love, is very different from Unix’s previous purposes. To reach this goal, Apple has made

several important additions to its Unix core.

The Unix part of MacOSX is called Darwin. The large additions to Darwin that Apple has made are

known as the core technologies. Apple, recognizing that Unix must continue to evolve, has released the

source code to Darwin and most of the core technologies.

This Book

My thought is that things shouldn’t be “magic” in your field of expertise. I don’t

expect someone to implement a compiler or operating system, but they shouldn’t be

mystical black boxes.

—Paul Kim, Chief Noodler, Noodlesoft

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