物联网战略研究路线图：2009版

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"《物联网战略研究路线图（2009版）》" 这篇文档是2009年发布的物联网（Internet of Things, IoT）战略研究路线图，它探讨了物联网这一概念及其在不同领域的应用前景。物联网是未来互联网的一个重要组成部分，被定义为一个动态的全球网络基础设施，具有自我配置能力，基于标准和互操作的通信协议。在这个网络中，物理世界与虚拟世界的"事物"都有自己的身份、物理属性和虚拟个性，并通过智能接口与信息网络无缝集成。物联网的核心理念在于，事物的价值不在于事物本身，而在于我们如何对待和利用它们，正如Antoine de Saint-Exupéry所言。这份路线图详细阐述了物联网的愿景，以及它在多个关键行业的潜在应用： 1. 航空航天与航空：系统状态监控和绿色运营，物联网技术可以用于实时监测飞机性能，提高能源效率和安全性。 2. 汽车行业：系统状态监控、车辆对车辆（V2V）和车辆对基础设施（V2I）的通信，这些功能将推动自动驾驶和智能交通的发展。 3. 电信：物联网技术可以增强网络连接和数据传输，推动下一代通信服务。 4. 智能建筑：自动能源计量、家庭自动化和无线监控，有助于优化能源使用，提高居住和工作环境的舒适度。 5. 医疗技术与医疗保健：个人区域网络、参数监测、定位和实时位置系统，这些应用能够改善医疗服务，特别是远程监护和患者管理。 6. 独立生活：关注健康、移动性和老龄化人口的监测，物联网技术有助于提升老年人的生活质量。 7. 药品行业：物联网可以确保药品追踪和追溯，提高供应链的透明度和安全性。 8. 零售、物流和供应链管理：通过物联网实现货物的实时追踪和库存管理，提高运营效率。 9. 制造业和产品生命周期管理：从生产到废弃的全程管理，物联网可实现生产过程的智能化和优化。 10. 加工工业-石油和天然气：物联网技术可用于监测和控制油气田的运营，减少风险并提高生产效率。 11. 安全、安保和预防：物联网可以提供智能监控和预警系统，提高公共安全和企业安全防护水平。这份2009年的物联网战略研究路线图为我们展示了物联网技术在当时尚未完全开发的潜力，同时也预示了其在未来十年内对各行各业的巨大影响。随着技术的不断发展，物联网已经成为现实，影响着我们的日常生活和商业模式，推动社会进入一个高度互联的新时代。

Internet of Things – Strategic Research Roadmap

will configure themselves when exposed to a new environment, and show an

“intelligent/cognitive” behaviour when faced with other things and deal seamlessly with

unforeseen circumstances; and, finally, they might manage their own disassembly and

recycling, helping to preserve the environment, at the end of their lifecycle.

The Internet of Things infrastructure allows combinations of smart objects (i.e. wireless

sensors, mobile robots, etc), sensor network technologies, and human beings, using different

but interoperable communication protocols and realises a dynamic

multimodal/heterogeneous network that can be deployed also in inaccessible, or remote

spaces (oil platforms, mines, forests, tunnels, pipes, etc.) or in cases of emergencies or

hazardous situations (earthquakes, fire, floods, radiation areas, etc.,). In this infrastructure,

these different entities or “things” discover and explore each other and learn to take advantage

of each other’s data by pooling of resources and dramatically enhancing the scope and

reliability of the resulting services.

The “things” in the Internet of Things vision will influence each other depending their

functional capabilities (e.g. computational processing power, network connectivity, available

power, etc.) as well as on context and situations (time, space etc.) and will be actively involved

in different processes. Some of their attributes, actions and involvements are clustered under

five domains and presented in Table 1:

Table 1 Characteristics and attributes clustered under functional domains

Domain 1 - Fundamental

characteristics

 “Things” can be “real world entities” or “virtual entities”

 “Things” have identity; there are means for automatically

identifying them

 “Things” are environmentally safe

 “Things” (and their virtual representations) respect the

privacy, security and safety of other “things” or people

with which they interact

 “Things” use protocols to communicate with each other

and the infrastructure

 “Things” are involved in the information exchange

between real/physical, digital and virtual worlds

Domain 2 – Common

characteristics of all things,

even the most basic (applies

to all higher classes too)

 “Things” can use services that act as interfaces to “things”

 “Things” would be competing with other “things” on

resources, services and subject to selective pressures

 “Things” may have sensors attached, thus they can

interact with their environment

Domain 3 - Characteristics of

social things (applies to all

higher classes too)

 “Things” can communicate with other “things”,

computing devices and with people

 “Things” can collaborate to create groups or networks

 “Things” can initiate communication

Domain 4 - Characteristics of

considerate autonomous

things (applies to all higher

classes too)

 “Things” can do many tasks autonomously

 “Things” can negotiate, understand and adapt to their

environment

 “Things” can extract patterns from the environment or to

learn from other “things”

 “Things” can take decisions through their reasoning

capabilities

 “Things” can selectively evolve and propagate

information

Domain 5 - Characteristics of

things that are capable of

self-replication or control

 “Things” can create, manage and destroy other “things”

In the IoT architecture, intelligent middleware will allow the creation of a dynamic map of the

real/physical world within the digital/virtual space by using a high temporal and spatial

resolution and combining the characteristics of ubiquitous sensor networks and other

identifiable “things”.

In the physical world, things respond to stimuli from the environment in a consistent manner.

When white light is shone on a red object the dye absorbs nearly all the light except the red,

which is reflected. At an abstract level, the coloured surface is an interface for the object, and

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物联网战略研究路线图：2009版

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