MySQL Connector/NET开发指南

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"MySQL Connector/NET Developer Guide.pdf" MySQL Connector/NET是MySQL数据库系统与.NET应用程序之间的桥梁，允许开发者使用C#、VB等.NET语言轻松地与MySQL服务器进行交互。这份170页的手册详细介绍了如何安装、配置以及利用MySQL Connector/NET开发数据库应用程序，是.NET开发者处理MySQL数据的理想指南。手册涵盖了以下几个主要知识点： 1. **安装与配置**：指导用户如何在开发环境中安装MySQL Connector/NET，包括设置必要的依赖项和配置参数，确保与MySQL服务器的通信顺畅。 2. **API使用**：手册深入解析了MySQL Connector/NET提供的API，包括连接管理（如创建、打开和关闭数据库连接）、执行SQL语句（如查询、插入、更新和删除）以及事务处理。 3. **数据适配器与数据集**：阐述如何使用MySQLDataAdapter和DataSet对象，实现离线数据操作和数据绑定，以在.NET应用程序中展示和修改MySQL数据库中的数据。 4. **异步操作**：介绍如何利用异步编程模型（如async/await关键字）来实现非阻塞的数据库操作，提高应用程序的性能和响应性。 5. **安全性与身份验证**：详细讲解了各种安全机制，如SSL连接、身份验证插件以及权限管理，帮助开发者确保数据传输的安全性和应用访问的控制。 6. **错误处理与调试**：提供了关于错误处理的策略，包括异常类型、错误信息的解析以及调试技巧，帮助开发者快速定位和解决问题。 7. **性能优化**：探讨了如何优化数据库操作以提高性能，如批量操作、预编译的SQL语句和连接池的使用。 8. **版本更新与变更**：附带的MySQL Connector/NET Release Notes列出了每个版本的更新内容和改进，帮助开发者了解新功能和修复的问题。 9. **社区支持与法律信息**：提供了MySQL论坛链接，用户可以在这里讨论问题并获得社区支持。同时，手册还包含相关的许可信息，区分了社区版和商业版的授权条款。 10. **不同版本的许可证信息**：对于不同版本的MySQL Connector/NET，手册分别提供了社区版（如7.0版本）和商业版（如8.0版本）的许可证信息，帮助开发者理解使用限制。 MySQL Connector/NET Developer Guide是一份全面的参考资料，无论你是初次接触MySQL的.NET开发者还是有经验的程序员，都能从中获取到开发MySQL应用程序所需的知识和技能。通过这份手册，你可以高效地集成MySQL数据库到你的C#或VB项目中，实现丰富的数据库功能。

Installing Connector/NET on Unix with Mono

3.2 Installing Connector/NET on Unix with Mono

There is no installer available for installing the MySQL Connector/NET component on your Unix

installation. Before installing, ensure that you have a working Mono project installation. To test whether

your system has Mono installed, enter:

shell> mono --version

The version of the Mono JIT compiler is displayed.

To compile C# source code, make sure a Mono C# compiler is installed.

Note

There are three Mono C# compilers available: mcs, which accesses the 1.0-

profile libraries, gmcs, which accesses the 2.0-profile libraries, and dmcs, which

accesses the 4.0-profile libraries.

To install Connector/NET on Unix/Mono:

1. Download the mysql-connector-net-version-noinstall.zip and extract the contents to a

directory of your choice, for example: ~/connector-net/.

2. In the directory where you unzipped the connector to, change into the bin subdirectory. Ensure the

file MySql.Data.dll is present. This filename is case-sensitive.

3. You must register the Connector/NET component, MySql.Data, in the Global Assembly Cache

(GAC). In the current directory enter the gacutil command:

root-shell> gacutil /i MySql.Data.dll

This will register MySql.Data into the GAC. You can check this by listing the contents of /usr/

lib/mono/gac, where you will find MySql.Data if the registration has been successful.

You are now ready to compile your application. You must ensure that when you compile your

application you include the Connector/NET component using the -r: command-line option. For

example:

shell> gmcs -r:System.dll -r:System.Data.dll -r:MySql.Data.dll HelloWorld.cs

The referenced assemblies depend on the requirements of the application, but applications using

Connector/NET must provide -r:MySql.Data at a minimum.

You can further check your installation by running the compiled program, for example:

shell> mono HelloWorld.exe

3.3 Installing Connector/NET from Source

Building MySQL Connector/NET from the source code enables you to customize build parameters

and target platforms such as Linux and macOS. The procedures in this section describe how to build

source with Microsoft Visual Studio (Windows or macOS) and .NET Core CLI (Windows, macOS, or

Linux).

MySQL Connector/NET source code is available for download from https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/

connector/net/. Select Source Code from the Select Operating System list. Use the Archive tab to

download a previous version of Connector/NET source code.

Source code is packaged as a ZIP archive file with a name similar to mysql-connector-

net-8.0.19-src.zip. Unzip the file to local directory.

The file includes the following directories with source files:

Building Source Code with Visual Studio

• EFCore: Source and test files for Entity Framework Core features.

• EntityFramework: Source and test files for Entity Framework 6 features.

• MySQL.Data: Source and test files for features using the MySQL library.

• MySQL.Web: Source and test files for the web providers, including the membership, role, profile

providers that are used in ASP.NET or ASP.NET Core websites.

Building Source Code with Visual Studio

The following procedure can be used to build the connector on Microsoft Windows or macOS.

Connector/NET supports various versions of Microsoft Visual Studio and .NET libraries. For guidance

about the Connector/NET version you intend to build, see Chapter 2, Connector/NET Versions before

you begin.

1. Navigate to the root of the source code directory and then to the directory with the source files to

build, such as MySql.Data. Each source directory contains a Microsoft Visual Studio solution file

with the .sln (for example, MySqlData.sln).

2. Double-click the solutions file to start Visual Studio and open the solution.

Visual Studio opens the solution files in the Solution Explorer. All of the projects related to the

solution also appear in the navigation tree. These related projects can include test files and the

projects that your solutions requires.

3. Locate the project with the same name as the solution (MySql.Data in this example). Right-click

the node and select Build from the context menu to build the solution.

Building Source Code with .NET Core CLI

The following procedure can be used to build the connector on Microsoft Windows, Linux, or macOS.

A current version of the .NET Core SDK must be installed locally to execute dotnet commands. For

additional usage information, visit https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/tools/.

1. Open a terminal such as PowerShell, Command Prompt, or bash.

Navigate to the root of the source code directory and then to the directory with the source files to

build, such as MySQL.Data.

2. Clean the output of the previous build.

dotnet clean

3. Type the following command to build the solution file (MySql.Data.sln in this example) using the

default command arguments:

dotnet build

Solution and project default. When no directory and file name is provided on the command

line, the default value depends on the current directory. If the command is executed from the top

directory, such as MySQL.Data, the solution file is selected (new with the .NET Core 3.0 SDK).

Otherwise, if executed from the src subdirectory, the project file is used.

Configuration default, -c | --configuration. Defaults to the Debug build configuration.

Alternatively, -c Release is the other supported build configuration argument value.

Framework default, -f | --framework. When no framework is specified on the command line,

the solution or project is built for all possible frameworks that apply. To determine which frameworks

are supported, use a text editor to open the related project file (for example, MySql.Data.csproj

in the src subdirectory) and search for the <TargetFrameworks> element.

Chapter 4 Connector/NET Connections

Table of Contents

4.1 Creating a Connector/NET Connection String ......................................................................... 13

4.2 Connecting With TCP/IP Over SSH ....................................................................................... 16

4.3 Managing a Connection Pool in Connector/NET ..................................................................... 18

4.4 Handling Connection Errors ................................................................................................... 19

4.5 Connector/NET 8.0 Connection Options Reference ................................................................. 20

4.6 Connector/NET 6.10 Connection-String Options Reference ..................................................... 33

All interaction between a .NET application and the MySQL server is routed through a

MySqlConnection object when using the classic MySQL protocol. Before your application can

interact with the server, it must instantiate, configure, and open a MySqlConnection object.

Even when using the MySqlHelper class, a MySqlConnection object is created by the helper class.

Likewise, when using the MySqlConnectionStringBuilder class to expose the connection options

as properties, your application must open a MySqlConnection object.

This sections in this chapter describe how to connect to MySQL using the MySqlConnection object.

4.1 Creating a Connector/NET Connection String

The MySqlConnection object is configured using a connection string. A connection string contains

several key-value pairs, separated by semicolons. In each key-value pair, the option name and its

corresponding value are joined by an equal sign. For the list of option names to use in the connection

string, see Section 4.5, “Connector/NET 8.0 Connection Options Reference”.

The following is a sample connection string:

"server=127.0.0.1;uid=root;pwd=12345;database=test"

In this example, the MySqlConnection object is configured to connect to a MySQL server at

127.0.0.1, with a user name of root and a password of 12345. The default database for all

statements will be the test database.

Note

Using the '@' symbol for parameters is now the preferred approach, although

the old pattern of using '?' is still supported. To avoid conflicts when using

the '@' symbol in combination with user variables, see the Allow User

Variables connection string option in Section 4.5, “Connector/NET 8.0

Connection Options Reference”. The Old Syntax connection string option has

now been deprecated.

Connector/NET supports several connection models:

• Opening a Connection to a Single Server

• Opening a Connection for Multiple Hosts with Failover

• Opening a Connection Using a Single DNS Domain

Opening a Connection to a Single Server

After you have created a connection string it can be used to open a connection to the MySQL server.

The following code is used to create a MySqlConnection object, assign the connection string, and

open the connection.

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