CSS Grid Layout：构建网页界面布局

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" Eric Meyer的《CSS Grid Layout》一书，是近期出版的关于学习CSS界面布局的优秀书籍。" 在Web开发领域，CSS（层叠样式表）是用于定义网页内容外观和布局的重要工具。随着网页设计的复杂性和动态性的增加，对更强大、更灵活的布局系统的需求也日益增长。这就是CSS Grid Layout（网格布局）出现的原因。《GridLayout in CSS》由著名前端开发者Eric A. Meyer撰写，深入探讨了这一强大的CSS布局系统，旨在帮助开发者构建现代、响应式的Web界面。 CSS Grid Layout提供了一种二维布局系统，允许开发者在行和列上精确控制元素的位置，这比传统的流式布局或Flexbox更适合创建复杂的网格结构。在书中，Meyer会详细介绍如何使用Grid的属性，如`grid-template-columns`和`grid-template-rows`来定义网格轨道，`grid-gap`来设置单元格之间的间距，以及`grid-auto-flow`来控制元素在网格中的放置顺序。此外，他还可能讨论了Grid的响应式设计，利用`fr`单位和媒体查询（media queries）来适应不同屏幕尺寸，实现跨设备兼容性。对于那些希望提高页面布局效率和精确度的开发者来说，这本书将是一个宝贵的资源。书中还会涵盖与Grid相关的其他关键概念，比如如何使用`grid-area`定义元素占据的网格区域，以及如何使用`align-*`和`justify-*`属性来调整元素在网格内的对齐方式。Meyer可能会通过实例和代码片段来解释这些概念，让读者能够快速上手并理解Grid布局的强大之处。对于初学者，Meyer可能会从基础开始，逐步引导他们熟悉Grid语法，而对于有经验的开发者，他可能会深入到更高级的主题，如Grid模板区域、自动定位机制以及与其他CSS布局技术（如Flexbox）的协同工作。《GridLayout in CSS》是一本全面介绍CSS Grid Layout的指南，适合所有想要提升Web界面设计和开发技能的人阅读。通过这本书，读者可以掌握创建高效、响应式的网格界面的技巧，从而在Web开发领域取得更大的进步。

The most fundamental unit is the grid line. By defining the placement of one or more

grid lines, you implicitly create the rest of the grid’s components:

• A grid track is a continuous run between two adjacent grid lines—in other words,

a grid column or a grid row. It goes from one edge of the grid container to the

other. The size of a grid track is dependent on the placement of the grid lines that

define it. These are analogous to table columns and rows. More generically, these

can be referred to as block axis and inline axis tracks, where (in Western lan‐

guages) column tracks are on the block axis and row tracks are on the inline axis.

• A grid cell is any space bounded by four grid lines, with no grid lines running

through it, analogous to a table cell. This is the smallest unit of area in grid lay‐

out. Grid cells cannot be directly addressed with CSS grid properties; that is, no

property allows you to say a grid item should be associated with a given cell. (But

see the next point for more details.)

• A grid area is any rectangular area bounded by four grid lines, and made up of

one or more grid cells. An area can be as small as a single cell, or as large as all

the cells in the grid. Grid areas are directly addressable by CSS grid properties,

which allow you to define the areas and then associate grid items with them.

An important thing to note is that these grid tracks, cells, and areas are entirely con‐

structed of grid lines—and more importantly, do not have to correspond to grid

items. There is no requirement that all grid areas be filled with an item; it is perfectly

possible to have some or even most of a grid’s cells be empty of any content. It’s also

possible to have grid items overlap each other, either by defining overlapping grid

areas or by using grid-line references that create overlapping situations.

Another thing to keep in mind is that you can define as many or as few grid lines as

you wish. You could literally define just a set of vertical grid lines, thus creating a

bunch of columns and only one row. Or you could go the other way, creating a bunch

of row tracks and no column tracks (though there would be one, stretching from one

side of the grid container to the other).

The flip side to that is if you create a condition where a grid item can’t be placed

within the column and row tracks you define, or if you explicitly place a grid item

outside those tracks, new grid lines and tracks will be automatically added to the grid

to accommodate.

Placing Grid Lines

It turns out that placing grid lines can get fairly complex. That’s not so much because

the concept is difficult; there are just so many different ways to get it done, and each

uses its own subtly different syntax.

6 | Grid Layout

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