Python编程：大气与海洋科学实践指南

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"《A Hands-On Introduction to Using Python in the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences》是由Johnny Wei-Bing Lin编写的，旨在专门为大气与海洋科学领域的用户提供Python编程语言的学习指南。本书首次将Python语言的学习与大气海洋科学的具体应用相结合，填补了这一领域的空白。出版于2012年，遵循创作共用 Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License（CC BY-NC-SA），用户可以在遵守相应许可的前提下自由使用和分享。" 《A Hands-On Introduction to Using Python in the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences》是一本面向大气与海洋科学研究人员的实践型教程，它不仅教授Python编程基础，还深入探讨了如何利用Python进行气象和海洋数据处理、分析以及建模工作。这本书对于那些想要利用Python提高科研效率，理解和解决大气与海洋科学问题的人来说是一份宝贵的资源。书中的内容可能涵盖以下几个关键知识点： 1. **Python基础**：包括变量、数据类型（如整数、浮点数、字符串、列表、元组、字典等）、控制结构（如条件语句和循环）、函数定义及使用，以及错误和异常处理。 2. **科学计算库**：讲解如何使用Numpy进行数值计算，Pandas用于数据管理和分析，Matplotlib和Seaborn进行数据可视化，以及Scipy用于更高级的科学计算和统计分析。 3. **文件操作**：介绍如何读取和写入各种数据文件，特别是在大气和海洋科学中常见的NetCDF、GRIB等格式。 4. **地理空间数据处理**：讲解GDAL和OGR库在处理地理信息数据方面的应用，以及Cartopy库创建地图和地理坐标系。 5. **数据分析和建模**：涉及时间序列分析、气候模型数据的处理、统计模型的构建，以及机器学习算法在气候预测中的应用。 6. **并行计算**：介绍如何利用Python的multiprocessing或concurrent.futures模块进行多核CPU的并行计算，以提高处理大量气象和海洋数据的效率。 7. **代码优化和性能提升**：教授如何编写高效的Python代码，包括使用生成器、装饰器以及优化数据结构等方法。 8. **软件工程实践**：涵盖版本控制（如Git）、项目组织、文档编写和测试，帮助读者建立良好的编程习惯和团队协作能力。 9. **案例研究**：通过具体的气象和海洋科学案例，展示如何运用所学Python技能解决实际问题，如风暴追踪、海洋环流模拟等。书本的PDF版本可在作者的官方网站上免费获取，分为单独的章节文件，方便读者根据需要选择阅读。而对需要完整纸质版或者高质PDF的读者，可以选择购买。无论是否付费，这本书都为大气与海洋科学的Python学习者提供了一个系统且实用的指南。

conditions speciﬁed in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108,

as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS’s permission. Repub-

lication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a

web site or in a searchable database, or other uses of Lin (2012), except as

exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license

from the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Pol-

icy, available on the AMS Web site located at http://www.ametsoc.org or

from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or copyright@ametsoc.org. Lin (2012) has

been submitted for publication and thus copyright in that work may be trans-

ferred without further notice, and that version may no longer be accessible.

Sprinkled throughout the book are comics from Under the Microscope,

a whimsical look at the world of geoscience, academia, and the meaning

of life, by Dan Johnson and Johnny Lin, and are used by permission. The

comics are available online at http://www.johnny-lin.com/comic. In some

cases, the comics I’ve included are related to the section at hand; in others,

they’re just for fun.

All ﬁgures not created by myself are used by permission and are noted

either in this acknowledgments section or in the respective ﬁgure captions.

Use in this book of information from all other resources is believed to be

covered under Fair Use doctrine.

Other Usage Acknowledgments

The cover image (if a cover is provided) was resized and cropped from an

image taken by the crew of Expedition 23 on-board the International Space

Station (ISS) on May 25, 2010 and shows an edge-on view of the Earth’s at-

mosphere over the Indian Ocean (outer space is to the upper right). The im-

age is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and Image

Science and Analysis Laboratory, at NASA’s Johnson Space Center. The im-

age is available online at http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?

id=44267 and is not copyrighted.

The dataset of monthly mean surface/near-surface air temperature from

the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 was taken from NCEP Reanalysis data pro-

vided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA from their

web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd.

xii

I am a ﬁrm believer that the only real way you can learn a programming

language is to program in that language—this book has “hands-on” in its title

for a reason ,. As a result, this book is built around examples and exercises

for the reader. I will start oﬀ by discussing a topic, and interspersed with that

discussion will be worked out examples of varying degrees of complexity.

You really have to type in the examples, even if they are worked out and

explained in the text; otherwise, you won’t get much out of the text. After

discussion and examples, I provide exercises that implement the material we

just discussed. Those exercises are also crucial to getting the most out of the

book. In fact, for a number of the exercises, later discussion builds oﬀ of

your attempt (successful or not) at completing the exercise.

All examples and exercises are numbered globally; numbering does not

restart with a new chapter.

Before you start using the book, you’ll want to download the supporting

ﬁles for some of the examples and exercises. In the book, these will the ﬁles

referred to as residing in the directory course ﬁles. This directory of ﬁles is

available online at the book’s website; see p. viii for details on how to obtain

the ﬁles.

Additional notes about the way I wrote this book

Tone: Because I grew up in Seattle and did my undergraduate and graduate

work all in California, I’m a “son of the West” (to misappropriate Tolkien’s

phrase), and so I’ve written this book in a more informal, conversational

tone. (I use contractions and put in smileys ,.) I hope you ﬁnd my voice to

be something of a “tour guide” of Python and that you will be encouraged to

explore and try things out. Ultimately, I think this will make it both easier to

learn Python and more fun.

Repetition: In most academic papers and books, the author will talk

about a topic once and then (often) assume you remember what was said for

the rest of this book. I always found it frustrating when textbook authors fol-

lowed that convention. Repetition is one of the best ways to teach (and learn);

why don’t textbook authors take advantage of this pedagogy? Besides, if I

am a brand-new learner, I probably will not fully understand a concept the

ﬁrst time I hear it. Thus, in this book, I repeat myself, repeatedly. If you

are a naturally gifted programmer, you may ﬁnd this annoying, and I apolo-

gize for annoying you, but then again, I didn’t write this book for naturally

This pedagogy is based on an AMS Board on Continuing Professional Development

template derived from a template by Results Through Training <http://www.RTTWorks.

com>.

xiv

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