C++标准库参考指南

需积分: 10 6 下载量 170 浏览量 更新于2024-07-17 收藏 14.67MB PDF 举报
"C++ Standard Library Reference.pdf 是一份由微软提供的关于C++标准库的参考文档,方便查询标准库中的头文件、类和其他相关组件。它详细介绍了C++标准库的各种功能,包括容器、算法、分配器、原子操作、位集等,并提供了相关函数、操作符和类的详细说明。" 在C++编程中,标准库是至关重要的组成部分,它提供了一系列预先定义好的工具,可以帮助开发者高效地编写代码。这份文档详细涵盖了以下几个主要方面: 1. **头文件**:例如`<algorithm>`、`<array>`和`<atomic>`等,这些头文件包含了许多实用的功能,如排序、查找、内存管理等。`<algorithm>`包含了一整套用于处理容器中元素的算法,如排序(sort)、查找(find)和拷贝(copy)等;`<array>`提供了固定大小数组的封装,类似于C语言的数组但带有更多安全特性;`<atomic>`则提供了线程安全的原子操作,用于多线程环境。 2. **类和结构体**:如`allocator_base`、`bitset`、`atomic`和`chrono::duration`等。`allocator`系列类是C++中用于内存分配的模板类,可以自定义内存管理策略;`bitset`类提供了位运算的功能,可以用来存储和操作二进制数据;`atomic`结构体支持原子操作,防止并发访问时的数据竞争;`chrono::duration`则表示时间间隔,是`chrono`库的一部分,用于处理时间点和时间间隔。 3. **函数和操作符**:如`<algorithm>`中的函数、`<atomic>`的操作符等。这些函数和操作符提供了各种操作,如比较、赋值、算术运算等,使得开发者能够有效地使用标准库。 4. **枚举和常量**:例如 `<atomic>` 中的枚举,用于定义不同的原子操作类型。这些枚举常用于指定特定操作的行为或限制。 5. **时间相关**:如`<chrono>`库中的`chrono_literals`、`system_clock`和`time_point`等,它们提供了处理时间和日期的标准方法,支持高精度时间计算。 6. **其他组件**:如`<cassert>`用于断言,确保程序满足某些条件;`<ccomplex>`支持复数运算;`<cctype>`提供字符分类和转换函数;`<cerrno>`包含了错误码;`<cfenv>`处理浮点环境;`<cfloat>`提供了浮点数相关的常量和宏;`<chrono>`涉及时间日期操作;`<cfenv>`处理浮点环境;`<cfloat>`包含了浮点数的特性;`<iostream>`则涉及输入输出流。 通过这份参考文档,开发者能够快速查找并理解C++标准库中的各类组件,从而更有效地利用这些工具来编写高效、可靠的代码。对于C++程序员来说,这是一份非常有价值的参考资料。
2016-07-28 上传
C++ Standard Library Quick Reference by Peter Van Weert, Marc Gregoire 2016 | ISBN: 1484218752 | English | 206 pages PDF+EPUB This quick reference is a condensed reference guide to the essential data structures, algorithms, and functions provided by the C++ Standard Library. More specifically, this is a compact collection of essential classes and functions, used by C++ programmers on a daily basis. The C++ Standard Library Quick Reference features core classes for strings, I/O streams, and various generic containers, as well as a comprehensive set of algorithms to manipulate them. In recent years, the C++11 and C++14 standards have added even more efficient container classes, a new powerful regular expression library, and a portable multithreading library featuring threads, mutexes, condition variables, and atomic variables. Needless to say, it is hard to know and remember all the possibilities, details, and intricacies of this vast and growing library. This handy reference guide is therefore indispensable to any C++ programmer. It offers a condensed, well-structured summary of all essential aspects of the C++ Standard Library, including all aforementioned functionality. No page-long, repetitive examples or obscure, rarely used features. Instead, everything you need to know and watch out for in practice is outlined in a compact, to-the-point style, interspersed with well-chosen, clarifying examples. The book does not explain the C++ language or syntax, but is accessible to anyone with basic C++ knowledge. Even the most experienced C++ programmer though will learn a thing or two from it and find it a useful memory-aid. What You Will Learn • The essentials that the C++ Standard Library has to offer • How to use containers to efficiently store and retrieve your data • How to use algorithms to inspect and manipulate your data • How lambda expressions allow for elegant use of algorithms • What the standard string class provides and how to use it • What functionality the library provides for file and stream-based I/O • What smart pointers are and how to use them to prevent memory leaks • How to write safe and efficient multi-threaded code using the C++11 threading libraries